cognitive disorders

Dimiracetam (NT-11624) is an orally active anti-neuropathy compound that inhibits hypersensitivity and neurological alterations and may be used in the study of cognitive disorders, depression and neuropathic pain.

NGD 94-1 is a selective D4 receptor antagonist with an affinity of 3 nM for the D4 receptor and greater than 2 pM for the D1, D2, D3, and D5 receptors.NGD 94-1 can be used in the study of cognitive disorders and other psychiatric disorders.

SK609 HCl (SK609 hydrochloride) is a dopamine D3 receptor (D3R) selective agonist that inhibits norepinephrine transporter proteins and can be used to study Parkinson's disease and cognitive disorders.

GSK-239512 is an antagonist of H3 receptor and can be used in studies about the treatment of cognitive dysfunction in neurodegenerative disorders.

MK-0249 FA is an orally active, selective and potent histamine H3 inverse agonist for the study of attention deficit, hyperactivity disorder neurodivergent and cognitive disorders in adults.

Sabeluzole (R-58735) has antiepileptic and cognitive enhancing effects, inhibits neurotoxin-induced tau expression and cell death.Sabeluzole is protective against chlordiazepoxide-induced habituation disorders and may be useful in the study of Alzheimer's disease.

L-Clausenamide is an alkaloid extracted from the leaves of the yellow bark (Clausena lansium (Lour) skeels) and can be used to improve cognitive function. L-Clausenamide inhibits beta-amyloid (Aβ) toxicity and prevents the formation of neurofibrillary tangles by inhibiting tau phosphorylation. L-Clausenamide has neuroprotective activity and can be used to modulate stimuli triggered by Aβ25-35. L-Clausenamide can be used to study neurological disorders like Alzheimer's disease.

CP-810123 is a new alpha 7 nAChR agonist for the treatment of cognitive impairment associated with psychiatric or neurological disorders such as schizophrenia and Alzheimer's disease.

SSR180711 hydrochloride (SSR-180711A HCl) is a selective Alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine partial agonist for the study of neurodegenerative and cognitive disorders.

Luvadaxistat (TAK-831) is an orally active, potent and highly selective inhibitor of D-amino acid oxidase (DAAO) with an IC50 value of 14 nM for the oxidative deamination of D-serine.Luvadaxistat is used in the study of schizophrenia and cognitive disorders.

PF-04859989 HCl is a brain-penetrable irreversible inhibitor of kynurenine amino transferase II (KAT II), the enzyme responsible for most of the brain synthesis of kynurenic acid. PF-04859989 HCl has been implicated in several psychiatric and neurological

sn-Glycero-3-phosphocholine (Choline glycerophosphate) is a natural choline compound found in the brain and in milk. It is also a parasympathomimetic acetylcholine precursor which may have a potential for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and dementia. sn-Glycero-3-phosphocholine rapidly delivers choline to the brain across the blood–brain barrier and is a biosynthetic precursor of the acetylcholine neurotransmitter. It is a non-prescription drug in most countries due to its Generally Recognised As Safe (GRAS) status [1]. Studies have investigated its efficacy for cognitive disorders including stroke and Alzheimer's disease. An Italian multicentre clinical trial on 2, 044 patients suffering from recent stroke were supplied Glycerylphosphorylcholine in doses of 1, 000 mg/day for 28 days and 400 mg three times per day for the five ensuing months. The trial confirmed the therapeutic role of alpha-GPC on the cognitive recovery of patients based on four measurement scales, three of which reached statistical significance [2].

Tropanserin (MDL 72422) is a 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor antagonist that inhibits 5-HT3 receptor activity.Tropanserin has anxiolytic activity and is used to treat depression and cognitive disorders.

RS 56812 is a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist and agonist used in the study of cognitive disorders.

Isorosmanol possesses antioxidant, neuroprotective and neurotrophic effects, it might be useful in ageing disorders such as the declining of cognitive functions and hyperpigmentation.

2-Amino-4-(2-aminophenyl)-4-oxobutanoic acid is a ketone and amino acid derivative with a variety of biological functions including vasodilatory, immunomodulatory, and neuromodulatory activities.2-Amino-4-(2-aminophenyl)-4-oxobutanoic acid is the precursor of niacin. 2-Amino-4-(2-aminophenyl)-4-oxobutanoic acid is the precursor of nicotinic acid. Abnormal production of 2-Amino-4-(2-aminophenyl)-4-oxobutanoic acid has been linked to cognitive deficits and depressive symptoms associated with neurological disorders. 2-Amino-4-(2-aminophenyl)-4-oxobutanoic acid is overexpressed in certain types of cancer cells and may be used to assess cancer risk. Expressed and may be used as a biomarker for assessing cancer risk.

N-Acetyl-D-mannosamine is a monosaccharide used as a precursor in the chemical or enzymatic synthesis of neuraminic acid found in glycolipids and glycoproteins.N-Acetyl-D-mannosamine is a specific substrate for the synthesis of n -acetylneuraminic acid, an essential precursor for bacterial podoplanar polysialic acid (PA).N-Acetyl-D-mannosamine is used in the synthesis of sialic acid. mannosamine is used in the synthesis of sialic acid. It is also an intermediate in the synthesis of many carbohydrate-derived bioactive compound families and drug candidates.N-Acetyl-D-mannosamine is used in the study of cognitive disorders and aging.

AZD1446 HCl, also known as TC-6683, is a novel highly selective α4β2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist for the treatment of cognitive disorders. AZD1446 HCl showed favorable pharmaceutical properties and in vivo efficacy in animal models has been identified as a potential treatment for cognitive deficits associated with psychiatric or neurological conditions and had been evaluated in phase 2 clinical trials as a treatment for Alzheimer's disease.

Piracetam (UCB-6215), a cyclic derivative of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), is used in therapy of the extensive cognitive disorders.

PF-04995274 is an effective, high-affinity, and partial serotonin 4 receptor (5-HT4R) agonist. PF-04995274 is brain penetrant and can be used for cognitive disorders associated with Alzheimer's disease. PF-04995274 has an EC50 range of 0.26-0.47 nM for hu

S 17092 (S 17092-1) is a highly effective inhibitor of cerebral prolyl-endopeptidase (PEP), displaying an IC50 value of 1.2 nM. It is utilized in research focused on understanding memory impairment and cognitive disorders associated with cerebral aging [1].

AZD1446 tosylate, also known as TC-6683, is a novel highly selective α4β2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist for the treatment of cognitive disorders. AZD1446 tosylate showed favorable pharmaceutical properties and in vivo efficacy in animal models has been identified as a potential treatment for cognitive deficits associated with psychiatric or neurological conditions and had been evaluated in phase 2 clinical trials as a treatment for Alzheimer's disease.

Cerlapirdine, also known as SAM-531, WAY-262,531 and PF-05212365, is a selective, potent, full antagonist of the 5-hydroxytryptamine 6 (5-HT6) receptor. Cerlapirdine has been in clinical development for the treatment of cognitive disorders associated with Alzheimer's disease and schizophrenia. As of 2011, it is in phase II clinical trials, and has demonstrated a trend toward efficacy along with a good side effect profile and no incidence of serious adverse events. It exerts its effects by acting as a selective 5-HT6 receptor antagonist.

Bay 60-7550 is a selective and potent PDE2 inhibitor (Ki: 3.8 nM) that exerts positive inotropic effects on rat heart by increasing PKA-mediated phosphorylation and can be used to ameliorate cognitive impairments and memory disorders.

Feralolide, a dihydroisocoumarin from the methanolic extract of aloe vera resin, functions as a dual inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE), with IC50 values of 55 μg/mL and 52 μg/mL, respectively. It exhibits antioxidant properties, effectively inhibiting 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS). Research suggests feralolide's potential in studying cognitive disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, for its memory restoration and enhancement capabilities [1].

Aminopeptidase-IN-1 is a potent inhibitor of insulin-regulated aminopeptidase (IRAP) (Ki: 7.7 μM).Aminopeptidase-IN-1 can be used in studies of cognitive and memory disorders.

Bibn 140 is a highly selective M2 antagonist, it is used to treat Alzheimer's disease and other cognitive disorders.

Guanfacine hydrochloride (Intuniv) is a centrally acting antihypertensive agent with specificity towards ADRENERGIC ALPHA-2 RECEPTORS.

Basmisanil (RG1662) is a negative allosteric modulator/inverse agonist of GABAAα5 receptors.Formulations containing basmisanil are in clinical trials for the treatment of cognitive impairments associated with Down syndrome.

AQW051 (VQW-765) is an orally active alpha-7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7-nAChR) specific activator that interacts with recombinant human α7-nAChR expression (pKD value 7.56). Alpha7-nachr is considered an attractive target for the treatment of cognitive impairments associated with neurological disorders, so VQW-051 is often used in studies of anxiety disorders and acute anxiety.

Pramiracetam (CI-879), derived from piracetam, is a more effective nootropic drug . According to reports, Pramiracetam improved cognitive defects related with traumatic brain wounds. Pramiracetam was also potent in the therapy of cognitive disorders of traumatic origins and cerebrovascular.

H3 receptor-MO-1 is a potent modulator of the histamine H3 receptor (H3 receptor) and can be used to study neurodegeneration and cognitive disorders.

RS 56812 hydrochloride is a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist and agonist, and may be used in the study of cognitive disorders.

GSK-1034702 is an M1 mAChR agonist that improves cognitive deficits and may be useful in the study of neurologic disorders.

Cerlapirdine (PF-05212365) is a selective, potent, full antagonist of the 5-hydroxytryptamine 6 (5-HT6) receptor. Cerlapirdine is already in clinical development for the treatment of cognitive disorders related to Alzheimer's disease and schizophrenia. It works by acting as a selective 5-HT6 receptor antagonist.

(S)-VQW-765 ((S)-AQW-051) is an orally active, selective, and effective partial agonist of the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR), with potential applications in treating cognitive disorders associated with neurological diseases, including Alzheimer's disease and schizophrenia.

Z-Thioprolyl-Thioproline is a prolyl endopeptidase inhibitor derived from bovine brain, exhibiting inhibition constants of IC50 = 16 µM and Ki = 37 µM. This compound is utilized in the investigation of neurological disorders, including memory and cognitive disorders [1].

Elziverine is an orally available small molecule calmodulin antagonist.Elziverine in vitro treatment inhibited Ca-loading-induced acanthocyte formation in SHRSP, WKY, and Wistar rats in a concentration-dependent manner.Elziverine can be used for the treatment of neurological disorders, and may be used for the study of cognitive disorders.

Q134R, a neuroprotective derivative of hydroxyquinoline, effectively inhibits nuclear factor of activated T-cell (NFAT) signaling and possesses the ability to cross the blood-brain barrier. This compound shows promise for research into Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and aging-related disorders[1].

SUVN-G3031 is a antagonist of histamine H3 receptor with potential for the treatment of cognitive impairment, dementia, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, epilepsy, sleep disorders, obesity, schizophrenia, eating disorders, and pain.

NXPZ-2 is an orally active Keap1-Nrf2protein-protein interaction (PPI) inhibitor (Ki: 95 nM, EC50: 120 and 170 nM). NXPZ-2 dose-dependently attenuates Aβ[1-42]-induced cognitive disturbances, enhances neuronal number and function, and enhances pathological alterations in the brain of Alzheimer's disease (AD) mice.NXPZ-2 has potential for studies of Keap1-Nrf2 PPI inhibitors and AD-related disorders.

Iclepertin (BI-425809) is an orally active and selective inhibitor of glycine transporter protein 1 (GlyT1).Iclepertin is used for the treatment of central nervous system disorders such as Alzheimer;s disease. Iclepertin is used for central nervous system disorders such as Alzheimer;s disease, schizophrenia and cognitive disorders.

UCL-1972, a Histamine H3 Receptor Antagonist, used to treat cognitive disorders.

CB1 antagonist 1 is a CB1 receptor antagonist, used in the research of obesity and metabolic syndrome, neuroinflammatory disorders, cognitive disorders, and gastrointestinal disorders, psychosis, and cardiovascular.

Bradanicline is a potent and highly selective agonist of the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) with an EC50 of 17 nM and a Ki of 1.4 nM for the human α7 nAChR. It is primarily employed in research pertaining to cognitive disorders [1] [2].