endothelium

VE-Cadherin Protein, Rat, Recombinant (His) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 65.1 kDa and the accession number is A6JXX3.

VE-Cadherin Protein, Human, Recombinant (His & hFc) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with His and hFc tag. The predicted molecular weight is 92 kDa and the accession number is P33151-1.

VE-Cadherin Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (His) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 63.5 kDa and the accession number is P55284.

Lysosome-Associated Membrane Glycoprotein 1 (LAMP1) is a single-pass type I membrane protein belonging to the LAMP family. LAMP1 is expressed largely in the endosome-lysosome membranes of cells.It shuttles between lysosomes, endosomes, and the plasma membrane. LAMP1 functions to present carbohydrate ligands to selectins and it has also been implicated in tumor cell metastasis. It has been proposed LAMP1 can be used as a therapeutic agent for certain cancers, as well as a marker for lysosomal storage disorders and degranulation on lymphocytes such as CD8+ and NK cells. Cell surface LAMP1 and LAMP2 have been shown to promote adhesion of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMC) to vascular endothelium, therefore they are possibly involved in the adhesion of PBMCs to the site of inflammation.

Membrane primary amine oxidase(AOC3), also known as vascular adhesion protein (VAP-1) and HPAO, this protein is a member of the semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO) family. VAP-1 is a type 1 membrane-bound glycoprotein that has a distal adhesion domain and an enzymatically active amine oxidase site outside of the membrane, VAP-1 has adhesive properties, functional monoamine oxidase activity, and possibly plays a role in glucose handling, leukocyte trafficking, and migration during inflammation. This rise in metabolic products contributes to generating advanced glycation end-products and oxidative stress along with the monoamine detoxification in the organism. It is highly expressed on the endothelium of the lung and trachea, and absent from leukocytes and epithelial cells. Membrane-bound VAP-1 releases an active, soluble form of the protein, which may be conducive to increased inflammation and the progression of many vascular disorders. In particular, elevation of VAP-1 activity and the increased enzymatic-mediated deamination is proposed to play a role in renal and vascular disease, oxidative stress, acute and chronic hyperglycemia, and diabetes complications.

Ephrin-B2 controls platelet-derived growth factor receptor β (PDGFRβ) distribution in the VSMC plasma membrane, endocytosis, and signaling in a fashion that is highly distinct from its role in the endothelium. Ephrin-B2 is an important regulator of PDGFRβ endocytosis and thereby acts as a molecular switch controlling the downstream signaling activity of this receptor in mural cells.

Binds and activates TIE2 receptor by inducing its tyrosine phosphorylation. Implicated in endothelial developmental processes later and distinct from that of VEGF. Appears to play a crucial role in mediating reciprocal interactions between the endothelium and surrounding matrix and mesenchyme. Mediates blood vessel maturation stability. It may play an important role in the heart early development. Angiopoietin-1 Protein, Canine, Recombinant (His) is expressed in Baculovirus insect cells with C-6xHis tag. The predicted molecular weight is 58.9 kDa and the accession number is Q60FC1.

The cadherin superfamily is a large family that engage in both homo- and heterotypic, calcium-dependent, cell-cell adhesion events, and can be divided into at least four subfamilies based on the extracellular (EC) regions and cytoplasmic domains, that is: classical cadherins, desmosomal cadherins, protocadherins, and cadherin-like molecules. Human cadherin 4, type 1, R-cadherin (retinal), also known as CDH4, CAD4 and RCAD, is a classical cadherin from the cadherin superfamily. It is a calcium-dependent adhesion molecule and a type I transmembrane glycoprotein composed of five extracellular cadherin repeats, a transmembrane region and a highly conserved cytoplasmic tail. CDH4 is thought to play an important role during brain segmentation and neuronal outgrowth, and also exerts critical actions in kidney and muscle development. CDH4 is expressed in vascular smooth muscle, pancreatic β-cells, thyroid follicular cells, sensory neurons of the dorsal root ganglia, and, possibly, astrocytes and endothelium of the retina. As a classic cadherin, CDH4 forms both homodimers and heterodimers with N-cadherin. The extracellular region of human CDH4 is 96% aa identical to that of mouse CDH4.

PSGL-1 (CD162), is a mucintype glycoprotein that plays a key role in leukocyte adhesion. Human PSGL-1 cDNA encodes 412 amino acids (aa). It expressed on neutrophils, monocytes and most lymphocytes. The mature PSGL-1 (aa 42-412) is expressed as a disulfide-linked homodimer that signals intracellularly and promotes integrin activation. PSGL-1 is found on virtually all leukocytes, dendritic cells, platelets, and some endothelial cells. It is primarily responsible for early events in extravasation, especially rolling adhesion of leukocytes to vascular endothelium. Through high affinity, This SLe(x)-type proteoglycanPGSL-1 calcium-dependent interactions with E-, P- and L-selectins, mediates rapid rolling of leukocytes over vascular surfaces during the initial steps in inflammation.

Fractalkine(CX3CL1) is a single-pass type I membrane protein and belongs to the intercrine delta family. It consists of an extracellular NH2-terminal domain, a mucin-like stalk, a transmembrane α helix, and a short cytoplasmic tail. CX3CL1 exists in two forms: as a membrane-anchored or as a shed 80-95K glycoprotein. Soluble CX3CL1 is generated by limited proteolysis on the cell surface, and a disintegrin and metallopeptidase 10 (ADAM10) and ADAM17 tumor necrosis factor-α-converting enzyme (ADAM17 TACE) participate in this shedding. It has been suggested that ADAM10 acts in the constitutive shedding, and ADAM17 acts in response to cell activation. The protein may play a role in regulating leukocyte adhesion and migration processes at the endothelium.

C-C Motif Chemokine 3 (MIP-1 alpha,CCL3 ) is a member of the beta or CC subfamily of chemokines and is closely related to CCL4 MIP-1 beta. CCL3 expression can be induced in a variety of hematopoietic cells, fibroblasts, smooth muscle cells, and epithelial cells. Mature mouse CCL3 shares 73%, 91%, and 82% amino acid sequence identity with human, rat, and cotton rat CCL3, respectively. CCL3 exerts its biological functions through interactions with CCR1, CCR3, and CCR5. It is cleared from the extracellular space by internalization via the decoy chemokine receptor D6. CCL3 promotes the chemoattraction, adhesion to activated vascular endothelium, and cellular activation of many hematopoietic cell types including activated T cells, NK cells, neutrophils, monocytes, immature dendritic cells, and eosinophils. CCL3 is also known as stem cell inhibitor (SCI) and can inhibit the proliferation of hematopoietic progenitor cells. CCL3 bioactivity contributes to tumor metastasis and the inflammatory components of viral infection, rheumatoid arthritis, and hepatitis, although it also can suppress the replication of HIV.

CMRF35-Like Molecule 9 (CD300LG) is a single-pass type I membrane protein which belongs to the CD300 family. CD300LG has one Ig-like V-type domain which mediates binding to lymphocyte. CD300LG is highly expressed in heart, skeletal muscle and placenta. CD300LG acts as a receptor which may mediate L-selectin-dependent lymphocyte rollings. CD300LG also binds SELL in a calcium dependent manner and lymphocyte. CD300LG may play a important role in molecular traffic across the capillary endothelium.

E-Selectin (Endothelial Leukocyte Adhesion Molecule-1, ELAM-1, CD62E), a member of the Selectin family, is a 107 - 115 kDa cell surface glycoprotein. It is transiently expressed on vascular endothelial cells in response to IL-1 beta and TNF-alpha.E-selectin mediates in the adhesion of blood neutrophils in cytokine-activated endothelium through interaction with SELPLG PSGL1. May have a role in capillary morphogenesis. E-Selectin CD62E Protein, Human, Recombinant (His & Avi) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with C-His-Avi tag. The predicted molecular weight is 61.6 kDa and the accession number is P16581.

Endoglin (CD105) is a 90 kDa type I transmembrane glycoprotein of the zona pellucida (ZP) family of proteins. Endoglin is a vascular endothelium glycoprotein that plays an important role in the regulation of angiogenesis. Required for normal structure and integrity of adult vasculature (PubMed:7894484). Regulates the migration of vascular endothelial cells. Required for normal extraembryonic angiogenesis and for embryonic heart development. May regulate endothelial cell shape changes in response to blood flow, which drive vascular remodeling and establishment of normal vascular morphology during angiogenesis.

Platelet Glycoprotein 4 (CD36) is an integral membrane glycoprotein that has multiple physiological functions. It is broadly expressed on a variety of cell types including microvascular endothelium, adipocytes, skeletal muscle, epithelial cells of the retina, breast, and intestine, smooth muscle cells, erythroid precursors, platelets, megakaryocytes, dendritic cells, monocytes macrophages, and microglia. As a member of the scavenger receptor family, CD36 is a multiligand pattern recognition receptor that interacts with a large number of structurally dissimilar ligands, including long chain fatty acid (LCFA), advanced glycation end products (AGE), thrombospondin-1,oxidized lowdensity lipoproteins (oxLDLs), high density lipoprotein (HDL), phosphatidylserine, apoptotic cells, β amyloid fibrils (fAβ), collagens I and IV, and Plasmodium falciparuminfected erythrocytes. CD36 is required for the antiangiogenic effects of thrombospondin-1 in the corneal neovascularization assay. It plays a role in lipid metabolism and has been identified as a fatty acid translocase necessary for the binding and transport of LCFA in cells and tissues.

Binds and activates TIE2 receptor by inducing its tyrosine phosphorylation. Implicated in endothelial developmental processes later and distinct from that of VEGF. Appears to play a crucial role in mediating reciprocal interactions between the endothelium and surrounding matrix and mesenchyme. Mediates blood vessel maturation stability. It may play an important role in the heart early development. Angiopoietin-1 Protein, Rat, Recombinant (His) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with C-6xHis tag. The predicted molecular weight is 56.5 kDa and the accession number is O35460.

Endothelins are endothelium-derived vasoconstrictor peptides. Endothelin-3 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 24.42 kDa and the accession number is P14138.

Coagulation factor VII, also known as Serum prothrombin conversion accelerator, Factor VII, F7 and FVII, is a member of the peptidase S1 family. Factor VII is one of the central proteins in the coagulation cascade. It is an enzyme of the serine protease class, and Factor VII (FVII) deficiency is the most frequent among rare congenital bleeding disorders. Factor VII contains two EGF-like domains, one Gla (gamma-carboxy-glutamate) domain and one peptidase S1 domain. The main role of factor VII is to initiate the process of coagulation in conjunction with tissue factor (TF). Tissue factor is found on the outside of blood vessels, normally not exposed to the blood stream. The action of the Factor VII is impeded by tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI), which is released almost immediately after initiation of coagulation. Factor VII is vitamin K dependent and is produced in the liver. Upon vessel injury, tissue factor is exposed to the blood and circulating Factor VII. Once bound to TF, FVII is activated to FVIIa by different proteases, among which are thrombin (factor IIa), factor Xa, IXa, XIIa, and the FVIIa-TF complex itself. Recombinant activated factor VII (rFVIIa) is a haemostatic agent, which was originally developed for the treatment of haemophilia patients with inhibitors against factor FVIII or FIX. FVIIa binds specifically to endothelial protein C receptor (EPCR), a known cellular receptor for protein C and activated protein C, on the endothelium. rFVIIa is a novel hemostatic agent, originally developed for the treatment of hemorrhage in hemophiliacs with inhibitors, which has been successfully used recently in an increasing number of nonhemophilic bleeding conditions.

Endoglin is a single-pass type I membrane protein which restricted to endothelial cells in all tissues except bone marrow. Endoglin as major glycoprotein of vascular endothelium, it has been found on endothelial cells, activated macrophages, fibroblasts, and smooth muscle cells. Furthermore, Homodimer forms a heteromeric complex with the signaling receptors for transforming growth factor-beta: TGFBR1 and or TGFBR2. It may have an important role in the binding of endothelial cells to integrins and or other RGD receptors. Defects in ENG are the cause of hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia type 1 (HHT1), which is an autosomal dominant multisystemic vascular dysplasia, characterized by recurrent epistaxis, muco-cutaneous telangiectases, gastro-intestinal hemorrhage, and pulmonary (PAVM), cerebral (CAVM) and hepatic arteriovenous malformations.

Collagen alpha-1(VIII) chain, also known as endothelial collagen, C3orf7 and COL8A1, can be cleaved into vastatin chain. COL8A1 is a short chain collagen and a major component of the basement membrane of the corneal endothelium. COL8A1 forms homotrimers, or heterotrimers in association with alpha 2(VIII) type collagens. Four homotrimers can form a tetrhedron stabilized by central interacting C-terminal NC1 trimers. COL8A1 contains one C1q domain and is primarily expressed in the subendothelium of large blood vessels. The expression level can be up-regulated during vascular injury, in atherosclerosis and in diabetes. COL8A1 may have a role in the maintenance of vessel wall integrity and structure, in particular in atherogenesis.

E-Selectin (Endothelial Leukocyte Adhesion Molecule-1, ELAM-1, CD62E), a member of the Selectin family, is a 107 - 115 kDa cell surface glycoprotein. It is transiently expressed on vascular endothelial cells in response to IL-1 beta and TNF-alpha.E-selectin mediates in the adhesion of blood neutrophils in cytokine-activated endothelium through interaction with SELPLG PSGL1. May have a role in capillary morphogenesis. E-Selectin CD62E Protein, Human, Recombinant (His & Avi), Biotinylated is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with C-His-Avi tag. The predicted molecular weight is 61.6 kDa and the accession number is P16581.

Binds and activates TIE2 receptor by inducing its tyrosine phosphorylation. Implicated in endothelial developmental processes later and distinct from that of VEGF. Appears to play a crucial role in mediating reciprocal interactions between the endothelium and surrounding matrix and mesenchyme. Mediates blood vessel maturation stability. It may play an important role in the heart early development. Angiopoietin-1 Protein, Canine, Recombinant (HEK293, His) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with C-6xHis tag. The predicted molecular weight is 58.8 kDa and the accession number is Q60FC1.

May accelerate cholesterol efflux from endothelial cells to high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and thereby regulates angiogenesis. May orchestrate hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell emergence from the hemogenic endothelium, a type of specialized endothelium manifesting hematopoietic potential. YJEFN3-mediated cholesterol efflux activates endothelial SREBF2, the master transcription factor for cholesterol biosynthesis, which in turn transactivates NOTCH and promotes hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell emergence. May play a role in spermiogenesis and oogenesis.

Human acyl-coenzyme A binding domain-containing member 6 (ACBD6) is a modular protein that carries an acyl-CoA binding domain at its N terminus and two ankyrin motifs at its C terminus. In mammals, there are six members of the acyl-CoA binding domain-containing (ACBD) family, and their annotation is not uniform. All six ACBD proteins contain an ACB domain at the N terminus, but they do not share significant homology at the C-terminal region. ACBD6 is a 32 kDa protein that is predicted by sequence analysis to carry an ACB domain between residues 42 and 125 and two ANK motifs at its C terminus. This protein binds long-chain acyl-CoAs with a strong preference for unsaturated, C18:1-CoA and C20:4-CoA, over saturated, C16:0-CoA, acyl species. ACBD6 is not a ubiquitous protein, but it is expressed in hematopoietic tissues and appears to be restricted to primitive stem cells present in those tissues with functions in blood and vessel development. ACBD6 was detected in bone marrow, spleen, placenta, cord blood, circulating CD34+ progenitors, and embryonic-like stem cells derived from placenta. In placenta, the protein was only detected in CD34+ progenitor cells present in blood and CD31+ endothelial cells surrounding the blood vessels. These cells were also positive for the marker CD133, and they probably constitute hemangiogenic stem cells, precursors of both blood and vessels. We propose that human ACBD6 represents a cellular marker for primitive progenitor cells with functions in hematopoiesis and vascular endothelium development.

LSP1 (Lymphocyte Specific Protein 1) is a Protein Coding gene. This gene encodes an intracellular F-actin binding protein. The protein is expressed in lymphocytes, neutrophils, macrophages, and endothelium and may regulate neutrophil motility, adhesion to fibrinogen matrix proteins, and transendothelial migration. LSP1 is a lymphocyte-specific intracellular Ca2(+)-binding protein. LSP1 localizes to nascent phagocytic cups during Fcgamma receptor-mediated phagocytosis, where it displays the same spatial and temporal distribution as the actin cytoskeleton. Down-regulation of LSP1 severely reduces the phagocytic activity of macrophages, clearly demonstrating a crucial role for this protein in Fcgamma receptor-mediated phagocytosis. LSP1, expressed in endothelial cells, plays a pivotal role in regulating subsequent recruitment steps following leukocyte adhesion.

Genetic variation in EPHX2 was significantly associated with risk of incident CHD in Caucasians, implicating EPHX2 as a potential cardiovascular disease-susceptibility gene. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the human EPHX2 gene had been implicated in susceptibility to cardiovascular disease, including stroke. The human EPHX2 mutations may in part explain the genetic variability in sensitivity to ischemic brain injury and stroke outcome. Epoxide hydrolase is involved in metabolism of vasoactive and anti-inflammatory epoxyeicosatrienoic acids to their corresponding diols. Consequently, epoxide hydrolase 2 (EPHX2) is a candidate cardiovascular disease (CVD) gene. Genetic variation in EPHX2 is associated with forearm vasodilator responses in a bradykinin receptor- and endothelium-independent manner, suggesting an important role for soluble epoxide hydrolase in the regulation of vascular function in humans. EPHX2 variants may mediate EETs levels, and low levels of EETs may be a predictor for END in acute MIS.

Podoplanin is a type-1 transmembrane protein that belongs to Podoplanin family. PDPN expressed in various specialized cell types throughout the body. It highly expressed in placenta, lung, skeletal muscle and brain, weakly expressed in brain, kidney and liver. In placenta, PDPN expressed on the apical plasma membrane of endothelium, in lung, expressed in alveolar epithelium. PDPN physiological function is related to its mucin-type character. PDPN may be involved in cell migration and or actin cytoskeleton organization. When expressed in keratinocytes, induces changes in cell morphology with transfected cells showing an elongated shape, numerous membrane protrusions, and major reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton, increased motility and decreased cell adhesion. It requires for normal lung cell proliferation and alveolus formation at birth and Induces platelet aggregation. Nevertheless, it doesn’t have any effect on amino acid transport and the aquaporin-type water channels.

Mouse Plexin domain-containing protein 2(PLXDC2) is a single-pass type I membrane protein. The protein is expressed in tumor endothelium and in vessels of some normal tissues, such as the muscle and lung. PLXDC2 can interact with CTTN, and may play a role in tumor angiogenesis.

T cell immunoreceptor with Ig and ITIM domains (TIGIT), also called VSIG9 and Vstm3, is a member of the CD28 family within the Ig superfamily of proteins. TIGIT contains an immunoglobulin variable domain, a transmembrane domain and an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM), and is expressed on regulatory, memory, activated T cells and NK cells. TIGIT binds to CD155(PVR) that appear on dendritic cells (DC), macrophages and endothelium with high affinity, and CD112(PVRL2) with lower affinity, but not CD113 (PVRL3). TIGIT-Fc fusion protein could interact with PVR on DC and enhance the secretion of IL-10, but inhibit the macrophage activation. Mice lacking TIGIT show increased T cell responses and susceptibility to autoimmune challenges, while knockdown of TIGIT with siRNA in human memory T cells did not affect T cell responses.

E-Selectin (Endothelial Leukocyte Adhesion Molecule-1, ELAM-1, CD62E), a member of the Selectin family, is a 107 - 115 kDa cell surface glycoprotein. It is transiently expressed on vascular endothelial cells in response to IL-1 beta and TNF-alpha.E-selectin mediates in the adhesion of blood neutrophils in cytokine-activated endothelium through interaction with SELPLG PSGL1. May have a role in capillary morphogenesis. E-selectin CD62E Protein, Cynomolgus, Recombinant (aa 22-554, His) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with C-His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 59.47 kDa and the accession number is A0A2K5U7H9.

Endothelins are endothelium-derived vasoconstrictor peptides. Probable ligand for G-protein coupled receptors EDNRA and EDNRB which activates PTK2B, BCAR1, BCAR3 and, GTPases RAP1 and RHOA cascade in glomerular mesangial cells.

Endothelins are endothelium-derived vasoconstrictor peptides. Probable ligand for G-protein coupled receptors EDNRA and EDNRB which activates PTK2B, BCAR1, BCAR3 and, GTPases RAP1 and RHOA cascade in glomerular mesangial cells. Endothelin-1 EDN1 Protein, Rat, Recombinant (His & KSI) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-6xHis-KSI tag. The predicted molecular weight is 17.8 kDa and the accession number is P22388.