free-radical

Compound 8, a free radical scavenger, exhibits an IC50 value of 43.39 μg/ml in neutralizing the DPPH radical [1].

Spermine tetrahydrochloride (Musculamine tetrahydrochloride) is a polyamine involved in cellular metabolism found in all eukaryotic cells. It is a major natural intracellular compound capable of protecting DNA from free radical attack.

Naringenin (NSC-11855) is a flavanone that is considered to have a bioactive effect on human health as antioxidant, free radical scavenger, antiinflammatory, carbohydrate metabolism promoter, immunity system modulater. This substance has also been shown to repair DNA.

1-IODOADAMANTANE (1-Adamantyl Iodide) is employed in the free-radical carbonylation reactions with alkenes.

Azelaic acid (Anchoic acid) is a component of hair and skin conditioners and is produced by the ozonolysis of oleic acid. Azelaic acid has bacteriostatic activity against Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis by inhibiting protoprotein synthesis in microbial cells. Azelaic acid also has the ability to inhibit pigmentation due to its free radical scavenging action.

Gallic acid (Benzoic acid) is found in almost all plants. Plants known for their high gallic acid content include gallnuts,grapes,tea,hops and oak bark.

(±)-Taxifolin ((±)-Dihydroquercetin) is the racemate of Taxifolin, a flavonoid commonly found in onion, silymarin, French maritime pine bark, and Douglas fir bark, with anti-tyrosinase and anti-fibrotic activity.Taxifolin is an inhibitor of collagenase, with an IC 50 value of 193.3 μM. Taxifolin is a free radical scavenger with antioxidant capacity.

β-Carotene (Provitamin A) is a naturally-occurring retinol (vitamin A) precursor obtained from certain fruits and vegetables with potential antineoplastic and chemopreventive activities. As an anti-oxidant, beta carotene inhibits free-radical damage to DNA.

Magnoloside B, a phenylethanol glycoside from the fruit of Magnolia officinalis, is an α-glucosidase inhibitor with protective effects against free radical-induced oxidative damage and can be used in cancer research.

4-Chloro-4'-hydroxybenzophenone inhibits tyrosinase and also acts as a free radical scavenger or antioxidant, reducing lipid and protein oxidation.

AFMK (Formyl-N-acetyl-5-methoxykynurenamine) is an active metabolite of Melatonin with antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity. AFMK is a modulator of apoptosis and improves the anti-tumor effect of Gemcitabine in PANC-1 cells.

Sinapinic Acid (Synapoic acid) protects the rat liver from CCl4-induced inflammation, most likely by acting as a free radical scavenger and modulator of NF-κB p65 activation and proinflammatory cytokine expression. Sinapic acid with antioxidant role protects cardiac cells and its functions from I/R induced oxidative stress. Sinapic acid is a potentially useful agent for the protection against liver fibrosis and cirrhosis. Sinapic acid prevents the alterations in the levels of lipids and lipoproteins by virtue of its anti-lipidaemic effect in isoproterenol induced myocardial infarcted rats. Sinapic acid ameliorates hyperglycemia through PLC-PKC signals to enhance the glucose utilization in diabetic rats.

(-)-Epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG) is an antioxidant polyphenol flavonoid that inhibits telomerase and DNA methyltransferase. (-)-Epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG) blocks the activation of EGF receptors and HER-2 receptors. (-)-Epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG) is a phenolic antioxidant found in a number of plants such as green and black tea. It inhibits cellular oxidation and prevents free radical damage to cells.

Tetrandrine (Sinomenine A) is a natural, bis-benzylisoquinoline alkaloid isolated from the root of the plant. Tetrandrine non-selectively inhibits calcium channel activity and induces G1 blockade of the G1 phase of the cell cycle and apoptosis in various cell types, resulting in immunosuppressive, anti-proliferative and free radical scavenging effects.

(-)-Gallocatechin ((−)-GC) has free radical scavenging ability and moderate affinity to the human cannabinoid receptor.

Loganin (Loganoside), an iridoid glucoside, has been reported to be an inhibitor of Cox-1 and also noted to suppress TNF-α formation. This compound also has displayed potent free-radical-scavenging activity and inhibitory effects on melanogenesis.

Chrysoeriol has antioxidant, antiinflammatory, antitumor, antimicrobial, antiviral, and free radical scavenging activities, it also shows selective bronchodilator effect.

DPPH (2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) is a cell-permeable, stable free radical that is commonly used to evaluate the ability of compounds to act as free radical scavengers or hydrogen donors and to measure the antioxidant activity of tissue extracts

Kuromanin chloride (Chrysontemin chloride) is potent antioxidants and free radical scavengers, may act as modulators of gene regulation and signal transduction pathways.

(+)-Gallocatechin (Gallocatechol) possesses free radical scavenging ability. (+)-Gallocatechin has moderate affinity to the human cannabinoid receptor.

Edaravone (MCI-186) is a potent new free radical scavenger used for the therapy of patients with acute brain infarction.

Nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) (NDGA) is a phenolic antioxidant found in the leaves and twigs of the evergreen desert shrub, Larrea tridentata (Sesse and Moc. ex DC) Coville (creosote bush). It is a recognized inhibitor of lipoxygenase (LOX) and has antioxidant and free radical scavenging properties.

Thymolphthalexon (tetrasodium) is an organic thioxanthone derivative utilized as a biochemical assay reagent due to its potent antioxidant properties. It plays a significant role in researching free radical response, oxidative stress, and aging. Furthermore, Thymolphthalexon serves as a photosensitizer in photodynamic therapy, contributing to the treatment of cancer and various other diseases.

Cyanidin, an antioxidant, exhibits protective effects against DNA cleavage, demonstrates free radical scavenging activity, and significantly inhibits xanthine oxidase (XO) activity [1].

Cistanoside F shows vasorelaxant, and antioxidative effects, it shows a strong free radical scavenging activity on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical and xanthine/xanthine oxidase (XOD) generated superoxide anion radical (O2-.).

7,4'-Dihydroxy-8-methylflavan can significantly promote mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) osteogenic differentiation by increasing the levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity. 7,4'-Dihydroxy-8-methylflavan also has free radical scavenging properties.

Myzodendrone is a highly effective as free radical scavenger.

Glabranin has antimicrobial activity, it shows significant activities on DPPH free radical with the IC50 value of 240.20 ug/ml. Glabranin or a derivative thereof could be used to stimulate hair growth. Glabranine exerts a dose-dependent inhibitory effect

Isoscoparin-2''-Beta-D-glucopyranoside shows prominent free radical scavenging activity in DPPH assay.

Ophiopogonanone E has oxygen free radicals(OFRs) scavenging effects, it can scavenge hydroxyl radical(·OH) and hydrogen peroxide(H2O2) in vitro.

Putraflavone possesses a good antioxidant activity via its DPPH free radical scavenging.

Ophiopogonanone A has oxygen free radicals(OFRs) scavenging effects, it can scavenge hydroxyl radical(·OH) and hydrogen peroxide(H2O2) in vitro.

Cochliodinol (compound 1), a metabolite of Apis mellifera ligustica, exhibits potent free radical scavenging activity, characterized by an IC50 value of 3.06 μg/mL against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) [1].

3,5-Dimethoxy-2,7-phenanthrenediol (compound 2), extracted from Combretum laxum roots, exhibits cytotoxicity against various human cancer cell lines, including 786-0, MCF-7, and NCI/ADR-RES, with corresponding IC50 values of 73.26 μM, 118.40 μM, and 83.99 μM. Additionally, this phenanthrene compound demonstrates free radical scavenging activity, presenting an IC50 of 20.4 μM [1].

5-O-Methylgenistein may show free radical scavenging activity, it also may have hepatoprotective property on the model of toxic hepatitis induced by carbon tetrachloride damage.

(-)-Olivil displays a higher antioxidative effect against the free radical DPPH.

N1,N5,N10-(E)-tri-p-coumaroylspermidine shows free radical-scavenging activity.

Conduritol A has a hypoglycemic effect, can have an effect on regulating the metabolism of blood lipid, free-radical scavenging, enhancing the antioxidant ability, potentiating immune function; it also can markedly prevent the diabetic rats from getting c

Monoethyl itaconate is a free radical that can be used for polymerization

3-Hydroxy-2-(palmitoyloxy)propyl stearate is a non-volatile compound isolated from the less polar fractions of the brown macroalga Fucus virsoides J. Agardh. It exhibits significant free radical scavenging activity and imparts protective effects against hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress in zebrafish embryos [1].

Silybin B (Silibinin B) is an effective inhibitor of raloxifene 4 '- and 6-glucosalylation, an effective anti-fibrinogenic and anti-oligomeric component of Silymarin, with free radical scavenging activity of 1, 1-diphenyl-2-pyridinyl hydrazine (DPPH), and a protective effect against cisplatin-induced neurotoxicity by alleviating DNA damage and apoptosis. Silybin B can inhibit the growth of human chronic myeloid leukemia K562 cells and induce apoptosis.

(-)-Taxifolin is the less active enantiomer of Taxifolin, demonstrating vital anti-tyrosinase activity and notable inhibition against collagenase (IC50 = 193.3 μM). It is valued as an essential natural compound showing antifibrotic potential, while also acting as a capable free radical scavenger and possessing antioxidant capacity.

Hirsutenone has potent antioxidant activity, it shows significant free radical scavenging activity and exhibits inhibition effect on the mitochondrial lipid peroxidation.Hirsutenone exhibits anti-cancer, and anti-filarial effects, it may exert a preventive effect against microbial endotoxin lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory skin diseases through inhibition of ERK pathway-mediated NF-kappaB activation. Hirsutenone attenuates adipogenesis by directly targeting PI3K and ERK during MCE in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, underscoring the potential therapeutic application of Hirsutenone in preventing obesity.

3'-O-Methylorobol exhibits moderate antioxidant activity in the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radical scavenging assay, it also exerts potential analgesic properties. 3'-O-Methylorobol can increase osteoblast differentiation.

Taxoquinone has strong antibacterial effect, it could be used as a promising antibacterial agent in food industry to inhibit the growth of certain important foodborne pathogens. It (100 ug/disc) displays potential anticandidal effect against Candia albica

Hirsutanonol is a secondary metabolite from the bark of Alnus glutinosa. Hirsutanonol has potent antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities and exhibits an inhibition effect on mitochondrial lipid peroxidation. Hirsutanonol can be used for studies

PBD-BODIPY is a probe for the spectrophotometric measurement of autoxidation reactions. Co-autoxidation of the PBD-BODIPY signal carrier and a hydrocarbon co-substrate can be quantified by monitoring loss of absorbance at 591 nm. PBD-BODIPY has been used to measure the activity of radical-trapping antioxidants in cell-free assays. It has also been used as a fluorescent probe for the detection of epoxidation activity.

Edaravone, a novel and potent free radical scavenger, effectively prevents MMP-9-related brain hemorrhage in rats treated with tissue plasminogen activator. Its deuterium-labeled variant, Edaravone D5, retains the original compound's attributes while offering isotopic labeling benefits.

10-O-Trans-p-methoxycinnamoylcatalpol exhibits antioxidant properties, demonstrated by an IC50 of 0.37 μM/mL in the DPPH free radical scavenging assay [1] [2].

Arjunglucoside II exhibits a moderate free radical scavenging activity.