obese

Leptin has key roles in the regulation of energy balance, body weight, metabolism, and endocrine function. Leptin levels are undetectable or very low in patients with lipodystrophy, hypothalamic amenorrhea, and congenital leptin deficiency (CLD) due to mutations in the leptin gene.

Leptin Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (mFc) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with mFc tag. The predicted molecular weight is 43.33 kDa and the accession number is P41160.

Leptin is a hormone secreted from white adipocytes and plays important role in the regulation of food intake and energy balance. Leptin functions via signaling pathways involving OB-R in hypothalamus. In mammals, leptin is mainly produced by the adipose tissue and encodes body fat reserves, acting as a short-term satiety signal. In fish, the presence of a leptin-like peptide was first evidenced by immuno-cross-reactivity, and its existence was certainly demonstrated after the finding by synteny of a leptin sequence in the pufferfish.

Leptin is a hormone secreted from white adipocytes and plays important role in the regulation of food intake and energy balance. Leptin functions via signaling pathways involving OB-R in hypothalamus. Animal models have revealed the influence of Leptin in reducing body weight and regulating blood glucose level. When mutations are introduced in obese gene, mice with impaired function of leptin are massively obese and in high risk of diabetes. Leptin deficiency reduces metablic rate. Leptin deficient mice are less active and with lower body temperature than normal animals. Human Leptin shares approximately 84% sequence identity with the mouse protein. Human Leptin consists of 167 amino acid residue including a 21 amino acid residue signal sequence and 146 amino acid residue mature protein sequence.

C1QTNF1 is a secreted protein，contains 1 C1q domain and 1 collagen-like domain. C1qTNF proteins constitute a highly conserved family of Acrp30/Adiponectin paralogs that share a modular organization comprising an N-terminal signal peptide, a short variable region, a collagenous domain and a C-terminal globular domain. C1qTNF proteins are predicted to have trimeric structures that assemble into hexameric and higher order molecular forms. C1QTNF1 is a novel adipokine, providing a significant framework to further address the physiological functions and mechanisms of the action of this family of secreted glycoproteins in normal and disease states. C1QTNF1 increases the production of aldosterone. C1QTNF1 is vastly expressed in obese subjects as well as up-regulated in hypertensive patients, C1QTNF1 is identified molecular link between obesity and hypertension. C1QTNF1 expression may be associated with a low-grade chronic inflammation status in adipose tissues.

INHBE (Inhibin Subunit Beta E) is a Protein Coding gene. This gene encodes a member of the TGF-beta (transforming growth factor-beta) superfamily of proteins. The encoded preproprotein is proteolytically processed to generate an inhibin beta subunit. INHBE was identified as a novel putative hepatokine with hepatic gene expression that positively correlated with insulin resistance and body mass index in humans. The quantitative real time-PCR analysis also showed an increase in INHBE gene expression in independent liver samples from insulin-resistant human subjects. INHBE functions as a possible hepatokine to alter the whole-body metabolic status under obese insulin-resistant conditions. Diseases associated with INHBE include Brachydactyly, Type A2, and Liver Benign Neoplasm.