pituitary

PACAP (6-27) (human, ovine, rat) serves as an antagonist for the PACAP receptor, inhibiting the catecholamine response of the canine adrenal gland to vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP). This compound holds promise for research into cardiovascular and neurological disorders [1].

PACAP (1-38), human, ovine, rat (Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase Activating Polypeptide 38) is a neuropeptide with 38 amino acid residues.

PACAP (1-38), a novel neuropeptide isolated from the bovine hypothalamus is more active than vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) in stimulating adenylate cyclase (EC50=7 nM). PACAP 1-38 (10-9 M) increased substance P (SP), gastrin releasing peptide (GRP),

Human growth hormone-releasing factor acetate is a hypothalamic polypeptide and stimulates GH production and release by binding to the GHRH Receptor (GHRHR) on cells in the anterior pituitary[1].

[Gln8]-C517 (LH-RH), chicken acetate is an avian hypothalamic peptide that stimulates release of gonadotropins from anterior pituitary, thus regulating reproductive functions.

ACTH 1-14 acetate(25696-21-3 free base) (Adrenocorticotropic Hormone Fragment 1-14 acetate) is a fragment of adrenocorticotrophin, which regulates cortisol and androgen production.Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), also known as corticotropin, is produced and secreted by the anterior pituitary gland. ACTH is an important component of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis as a response to biological stress.

Astressin acetate is an antagonist of corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) with low affinity for the CRF binding protein and high affinity for the cloned pituitary receptor(Ki = 2 nM).

alpha-Endorphin acetate is related peptides of the pro-opiomelanocortin family with characteristic biological activities, were purified to homogeneity from single human pituitary.

PACAP 1-38 acetate is a pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) analogue. PACAP 1-38 acetate binds to PACAP type I receptor(IC50 = 4 nM) and PACAP type II VIP2 receptor(IC50 = 1 nM) but not to PACAP type II, VIP1 receptor.

Antide acetate is an LHRH antagonist and represses LH and FSH release from the pituitary gland.

Triptorelin acetate(57773-63-4 free base) (CL 118,532) is used as a GnRH agonist. It decreases pituitary secretion of gonadotropins luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) by causing constant stimulation of the pituitary. Triptorelin acetate(57773-63-4 free base) may be used in the treatment of hormone-responsive cancers such as breast cancer or prostate cancer, precocious puberty, estrogen-dependent conditions, and assisted reproduction.

γ-1-MSH, amide acetate (72629-65-3 free base), a putative hormone in the N-terminal region of the ACTH/beta- endorphin (beta-EP) precursor protein, was studied by RIA with an antiserum against gamma 3-MSH in ACTH-producing mouse pituitary tumor cells, AtT-20/D16v.

Bam 12P acetate is the putative enkephalin precursor in bovine adrenal, pituitary, and hypothalamus.

LH-RH, salmon acetate(86073-88-3 free base) (Luteinizing Hormone Releasing Hormone (LH-RH), salmon acetate) is a pituitary Hormone synthesized in the hypothalamus and plays a crucial role in the control of reproductive function.

Corticotropin-releasing factor (human) acetate stimulates to synthesize and secret adrenocorticotropin in the anterior pituitary.

Melanin Concentrating Hormone, salmon TFA (MCH (salmon) TFA) is a 19-amino-acid neuropeptide discovered in teleost fish's pituitary gland, involved in controlling food intake, energy balance, sleep states, and cardiovascular functions. It acts as a ligand for the orphan G protein-coupled receptors SLC-1/GPR24 and MCHR2.

Luteinizing hormone (LH), a heterodimeric glycoprotein hormone synthesized by the pituitary gland, serves vital functions in human reproductive processes.

Luteinizing Hormone Releasing Hormone (LH-RH) is a pituitary Hormone synthesized in the hypothalamus and plays a crucial role in the control of reproductive function.

N-Acetyloxytocin, a chemical compound, has been identified and analyzed in the neurointermediate lobe of the rat pituitary (NIL). Furthermore, its presence has also been detected in various brain regions of the rat[1].

Veldoreotide, also known as Somatoprim, is a unique somatostatin receptor subtypes 2-, 4- and 5-selective analogue which effectively reduces GH secretion in human GH-secreting pituitary adenomas, even in Octreotide non-responsive tumours.

Corticotropin-releasing factor human (Human CRF; Human corticotropin-releasing factor) is an immunomodulatory neuropeptide that acts to release ACTH from the anterior pituitary and stimulates the sympathetic nervous system and adrenal medulla. Functions b

Gamma-MSH (Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone), a putative hormone in the N-terminal region of the ACTH/beta- endorphin (beta-EP) precursor protein, was studied by RIA with an antiserum against gamma 3-MSH in ACTH-producing mouse pituitary tumor cells, AtT-20

Thyrotropin (TSH), a thyroid-stimulating hormone, is synthesized by thyrotrope cells in the anterior pituitary gland and modulates the endocrine activity of the thyroid [1] [2].

[Gln8] Luteinizing hormone releasing hormone ([Gln8] LH-RH), Avian hypothalamic peptide that stimulates release of gonadotropins from anterior pituitary, thus regulating reproductive functions.

β-Endorphin (β-EP) is an endogenous opioid neuropeptide with diverse biological activities. It is produced via piomelanocortin cleavage in the pituitary gland, hypothalamus, and in lymphocytes, then migrates to its sites of action which include plasma, gut, skin, placenta, cerebrospinal fluid, and cardiac tissues. β-EP induces concentration-dependent decreases in electrically stimulated contraction of the mouse vas deferens that can be reversed by the μ-opioid antagonist CTP and δ-opioid antagonist ICI 174,864. In vivo, β-EP (5 μg, i.c.v.) slows gastrointestinal transit in mice. β-EP (0.5 or 5 μg, i.c.v.) stimulates food intake in rats for 4 to 6 hours, however, this effect is not prolonged with continuous infusion. It antagonizes the appetite-suppressive effects of α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) for the first three days post administration. β-EP also reduces paralytic demyelination induced by the murine coronavirus MHV-JHM in immunocompetent, but not irradiated or immune-incompetent, mice and rats.

α-Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) is a 13-amino acid peptide hormone produced by post-translational processing of proopiomelanocortin (POMC) in the pituitary gland, as well as in keratinocytes, astrocytes, monocytes, and gastrointestinal cells.1It is an agonist of melanocortin receptor 3 (MC3R) and MC4R that induces cAMP production in Hepa cells expressing the human receptors (EC50s = 0.16 and 56 nM, respectively).2α-MSH (100 pM) reducesS. aureuscolony formation andC. albicansgerm tube formationin vitro.3It inhibits endotoxin-, ceramide-, TNF-α-, or okadaic acid-induced activation of NF-κB in U937 cells.1α-MSH reduces IL-6- or TNF-α-induced ear edema in mice.4It also prevents the development of adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats and increases survival in a mouse model of septic shock. Increased plasma levels of α-MSH are positively correlated with delayed disease progression and reduced death in patients with HIV.1 1.Catania, A., Airaghi, L., Colombo, G., et al.α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone in normal human physiology and disease statesTrends Endocrinol. Metab.11(8)304-308(2000) 2.Miwa, H., Gantz, I., Konda, Y., et al.Structural determinants of the melanocortin peptides required for activation of melanocortin-3 and melanocortin-4 receptorsJ. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther.273(1)367-372(1995) 3.Cutuli, M., Cristiani, S., Lipton, J.M., et al.Antimicrobial effects of a-MSH peptidesJ. Leukoc. Biol.67(2)233-239(2000) 4.Lipton, J.M., Ceriani, G., Macaluso, A., et al.Antiiinflammatory effect of the neuropeptide a-MSH in acute, chronic, and systemic inflammationAnn. N.Y. Acad. Sci.25(741)137-148(1994)

Somatostatin, also known as growth hormone-inhibiting hormone, is a naturally-occurring peptide hormone of 14 or 28 amino acid residues that regulates the endocrine system. It is secreted by the D cells of the islets to inhibit the release of insulin and

Human CRF acetate is a chemical compound that effectively stimulates the synthesis and secretion of adrenocorticotropin in the anterior pituitary.

Human Follicular Gonadotropin Releasing Peptide (hF-GRP) is a hormonal peptide that, in vitro, can induce the secretion of pituitary luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) [1] [2].

Exendin-4 (3-39) is a truncated peptide variant of Exendin-4, missing the initial two amino acids, and serves as a potent agonist for the Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1r). This compound, along with Exendin-4, is utilized in the study of diabetes and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis disorders [1] [2].

Human growth hormone-releasing factor stimulates GH production and release by binding to the GHRH Receptor (GHRHR) on cells in the anterior pituitary.Growth hormone-releasing hormone is a hormone produced in the hypothalamus. The main role of growth hormo

Phoenixin-14 TFA (PNX-14) is a blood-brain barrier (BBB)-penetrable neuropeptide with anxiolytic, cardioprotective, and neuroprotective properties. It modulates pituitary gonadotrophin release by enhancing gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) receptor mRNA expression and promotes insulin secretion. Additionally, PNX-14 TFA offers protection against ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury in mice and combats oxidative stress by diminishing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and elevating glutathione (GSH) levels [1] [2] [3].

a-MSH, amide is a peptide with the sequence Ac-Ser-Tyr-Ser-Met-Glu-His-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gly-Lys-Pro-Val-NH2, MW= 1664.9. The melanocyte-stimulating hormones (collectively referred to as MSH or intermedins) are a class of peptide hormones that are produced by c

PACAP (6-38), human, ovine, rat is a potent antagonist of PACAP 38. PACAP (6-38) is much more potent and selective than PACAP (6-27) in the inhibition of PACAP-27-stimulated pituitary adenylate cyclase.

Phoenixin-20 (PNX-20) is a vertebrate bioactive peptide exhibiting hormone-like actions, stimulating the hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal axis to regulate mammalian reproduction. It enhances neuronal mitochondrial biogenesis through the CREB-PGC-1α pathway and possesses an anxiolytic effect [1] [2] [3].

Endorphin Beta is A substance produced in the brain, especially in the pituitary gland, Endorphin Beta blocks the sensation of pain. Endorphin Beta is produced in response to pain, exercise, and other forms of stress. Endorphin Beta belongs to a group of

ACTH (1-13) is a 13-aa peptide, with cytoprotective effects in the model of ethanol induced gastric lesions in rats.Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), also known as corticotropin, is produced and secreted by the anterior pituitary gland. ACTH is an impor

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) TFA, a polypeptide tropic hormone synthesized by the anterior pituitary gland, regulates the production of cortisol and androgens [1] [2].

(Des-Glu5)-ACTH (1-24) (human, bovine, rat) is an adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) analogue, synthesized by the anterior pituitary gland to regulate cortisol and androgen production [1]. This polypeptide tropic hormone variant differs from ACTH by the absence of glutamic acid at the fifth position.

Human Growth Hormone-Releasing Factor TFA, also known as Growth Hormone-Releasing Factor Human TFA, is a hypothalamic polypeptide that promotes the production and release of growth hormone (GH) through its interaction with the Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone Receptor (GHRHR) on anterior pituitary cells [1].

Acetyl β-endorphin (1-26) is a neuropeptide found in rat hippocampus, brain stem, and pituitary. It is also present in the human hypothalamus, where it comprises approximately 4.9% of total β-endorphin peptides. Acetyl β-endorphin (1-26) is produced through posttranslational processing of β-endorphin and is processed similarly in rat and human hypothalamus. Levels of acetyl β-endorphin (1-26) increase in the rat pars intermedia and brain stem following chronic administration of haloperidol .

α-Neoendorphin (1-8) is a 8-amino acid peptide derived from the N-terminal of α-Neoendorphin. α-Neoendorphin is an endogenous opioid peptide and is a part for the neoendorphins which are a group of endogenous opioid peptides derived from the proteolytic c

Histrelin acetate is a nonapeptide analog of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) with added potency. It acts on particular cells of the pituitary gland called gonadotropes when present in the bloodstream. Histrelin stimulates these cells to release luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone. Thus it is considered a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist or GnRH agonist.

Felypressin (Octapressin) is a synthetic analog of LYPRESSIN with a PHENYLALANINE substitution at residue 2. Felypressin is a vasoconstrictor with reduced antidiuretic activity.

ACTH (1-17), an adrenocorticotropin analogue, is a potent human melanocortin 1 (MC1) receptor agonist with a Ki of 0.21 nM. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), also known as corticotropin, is produced and secreted by the anterior pituitary gland.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) (18-39), human TFA (CLIP human TFA) is a corticotropinlike intermediate lobe peptide, it is is produced in the melanotrophs of the intermediate lobe of the pituitary.

Vasopressin (argipressin), a cyclic nine-peptide synthesized by hypothalamic neurons, is one of the hormones involved in peptide prohormone synthesis. Vasopressin is involved in the regulation process of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, increasing the amount of solute free water reabsorbed from the renal tubule's colate back into the circulation, narrowing arteries to increase pressure, enhancing the stimulating effect of corticotropin releasing factor to regulate pituitary corticotropin secretion. Vasopressin acts as a neurotransmitter during nerve conduction by binding to specific G-protein-coupled receptors.

PGlu-3-methyl-His-Pro-NH2 TFA, enhances binding to pituitary TRH receptors and increases stimulation of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) release from the pituitary.

Argipressin (diacetate) (AVP (diacetate), also known as antidiuretic hormone (ADH)), is a nine-amino acid neuropeptide produced by the posterior pituitary gland. It plays a crucial role in maintaining fluid balance, osmolality, and cardiovascular function through interaction with three distinct G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs): Avpr1a (V1a), Avpr1b (V1b), and Avpr2 (V2). Argipressin (diacetate) also influences centrally regulated metabolic processes, highlighting its significance in physiological regulation [1].

(Des-His^6)-ACTH (1-24) (human, bovine, rat) is an adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) analog. Produced by the anterior pituitary gland, ACTH is a polypeptide tropic hormone that regulates the production of cortisol and androgens [1].