Physalin F is a natural blocker of CaV2.3 (R-type) and CaV2.2 (N-type) voltage-gated calcium channels.It is a secosteroid with potent anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activities. Physalin F induces apoptosis of PBMC, decreasing the spontaneous proliferation and cytokine production caused by Human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) infection

3-Nitro-L-tyrosine (3-Nitrotyrosine) is the major product from the spontaneous reaction of peroxynitrite with tyrosine. Formation of nitrotyrosine can indicate the formation of peroxynitrite by a nitric oxide (NO)-dependent oxidative damage.

Glucotropaeolin potassium (Benzylglucosinolate potassium) is found in cruciferous vegetables and moderately decrease spontaneous DNA damage in animals.

Pseudoginsenoside RT1, isolated from the fruit of Randia siamensis, exhibits acute ichthyotoxic activity. Pseudoginsenoside RT1 can cause a decrease in blood pressure, an increase in heart rate and an increase in spontaneous contractility of the uterus.

Cytogenin, a coumarin derivative isolated from S. eurocidicum, exhibits multiple biological effects. It notably diminishes tumor mass in an Ehrlich murine spontaneous adenocarcinoma model with a daily administration of 25 mg/kg. Furthermore, cytogenin (30 and 100 mg/kg per day) counteracts the body weight reduction and the rise in plasma glucose levels induced by streptozotocin, along with reducing pancreatic macrophage infiltration in a diabetes mouse model. Additionally, at a dose of 100 mg/kg per day, it suppresses nitric oxide production triggered by zymosan and LPS, as well as the LPS-induced increase in Il-6 levels in isolated mouse macrophages.

Lycorenine may produce a decrease in blood pressure as the result of alpha-adrenergic blockade in conjunction with the reduction of the spontaneous sympathetic nerve activity, and produce bradycardia by modifying vagal activity. The development of tachyph

Mesuaxanthone A and mesuaxanthone B are two yellow pigments.They produce varying degrees of C.N.S. depression characterised by ptosis, sedation, decreased spontaneous motor activity, loss of muscle tone, potentiation of pentobarbitone sleeping time and et