Xanthine oxidase, a xanthine oxidoreductase enzyme, catalyzes the oxidation of hypoxanthine to xanthine and further oxidizes xanthine to uric acid, generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) [1].

Xanthine oxidase-IN-10 (XO8 analog) is a xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitor for the study of gout.

Xanthine oxidase-IN-1 is an effective inhibitor of xanthine oxidase with an IC50 value of 6.5 nM. It plays a central role in purine catabolism through the degradation of bioactive nucleotides facilitated by nucleic acid and nucleotide intermediates.

Xanthine oxidase-IN-12 (Compound 11), an inhibitor of xanthine oxidase (XO), possesses an IC50 value of 91 nM and exhibits antioxidant properties, additionally diminishing intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) [1].

Xanthine oxidase-IN-6, a potent and orally active mixed-type inhibitor of xanthine oxidase (XOD), demonstrates significant anti-hyperuricemia and renal protective activity with an IC50 value of 1.37 µM.

Xanthine Oxidase-IN-11, an analog of XO8, is an inhibitor of xanthine oxidase (XO) [1].

Xanthine oxidase-IN-4 (compound 19a) is an orally active and potent inhibitor of xanthine oxidase(XO) with an IC 50 of 0.039 μM that can be used in the research of hyperuricemia and gout. Xanthine oxidase-IN-4 shows hypouricemic potency in potassium oxonate induced hyperuricemia rats. [1].

Xanthine Oxidase-IN-9 (also known as Icarisids E or Compound 2) effectively inhibits xanthine oxidase (XOD) with an IC50 value of 31.81 μM [1].

Xanthine oxidase-IN-8 (Icarisids J) (Compound 7) serves as an inhibitor of xanthine oxidase, exhibiting an inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of 29.71 μM [1].

Xanthine oxidase-IN-7 (compound1h) is a potent andorally active xanthine oxidase(XO) inhibitor (IC50 = 0.36 μM). Xanthine oxidase-IN-7 effectively reduces serum uric acid levels which has the potential in the hyperuricemia and gout research [1].

Xanthine oxidase-IN-5, a powerful and orally active inhibitor of xanthine oxidase (XO), exhibits an IC50 value of 0.70 μM. It possesses favorable drug-like characteristics, with ligand efficiency (LE) and lipophilic ligand efficiency (LLE) values of 0.33 and 3.41, respectively. Moreover, Xanthine oxidase-IN-5 showcases significant hypouricemic effects in a hyperuricemic rat model [1].

Phytic acid dodecasodium salt hydrate (myo-Inositol, hexakis(dihydrogen phosphate) dodecasodium salt hydrate) is a phosphorus storage compound of seeds and cereal grains. Phytic acid dodecasodium salt hydrate inhibits the enzymatic superoxide source xanthine oxidase with an IC50 of 6 mM and has antioxidative, neuroprotective, and anti-inflammatory effects.

NoxA1ds acetate is a potent and selective NADPH oxidase 1 (NOX1) inhibitor (IC50 : 20 nM). Exhibits selectivity for NOX1 over NOX2, NOX4, NOX5 and xanthine oxidase. Inhibits NOX1-derived O2- production in HT-29 human colon cancer cells. Attenuates VEGF-induced human pulmonary artery endothelial cell migration under hypoxic conditions in vitro.

Amflutizole used for the treatment of gout, and is a Xanthine oxidase inhibitor

6-ethenylquinoline is a structurally unique aromatic heterocyclic compound that is an important intermediate in the production of other aromatic compounds. It has also been used as a starting material for the synthesis of a variety of drugs, including antifungal, antiparasitic and antiviral agents. It has been shown to be an inhibitor of a variety of enzymes involved in drug metabolism, including cytochrome P450, aldehyde oxidase and xanthine oxidase.

Forsythoside F (Arenarioside) is a natural product, and GI50 values of 10-16 microM against B16F10 cell.

Niraxostat (Y-700) is one of the isocytosine derivatives as xanthine oxidase inhibitors.

Tigulixostat (LC350189) is a novel xanthine oxidase inhibitor (XOI) that reduces uric acid production and may be used in studies of gout-related diseases.

Cyanidin, an antioxidant, exhibits protective effects against DNA cleavage, demonstrates free radical scavenging activity, and significantly inhibits xanthine oxidase (XO) activity [1].

Axillarin has antioxidant activity, it shows xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity ( IC(50) :36.0 uM). Axillarin can strongly protect primary cultured neurons against glutamate-induced oxidative stress.

Cistanoside F shows vasorelaxant, and antioxidative effects, it shows a strong free radical scavenging activity on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical and xanthine/xanthine oxidase (XOD) generated superoxide anion radical (O2-.).

Potent and selective NADPH oxidase 1 (NOX1) inhibitor (IC50 = 20 nM). Exhibits selectivity for NOX1 over NOX2, NOX4, NOX5 and xanthine oxidase. Inhibits NOX1-derived O2- production in HT-29 human colon cancer cells. Attenuates VEGF-induced human pulmonary

7,3',4'-Trihydroxy-3-benzyl-2H-chromene is a potential xanthine oxidase inhibitor.

N-Demethylricinine (4-Methoxy-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-pyridine-3-carbonitrile) was reported as xanthine oxidase inhibitor.

Ilexoside O, a triterpene saponin derived from Ilex pubescens roots, demonstrates modest inhibition of xanthine oxidase (XOD) activity with an IC50 value of 53.05 μM.

Deoxybenzoin (2-Phenylacetophenone) is used to target immune sensors and xanthine oxidase. It is used for the treatment of gout.

Desciclovir (DCV), a prodrug of the antiherpetic agent acyclovir (ACV), is converted in humans to ACV, presumably by xanthine oxidase.

Febuxostat 67M-4 is a derivative compound of Febuxostat 67M-1 which is an inhibitor of xanthine oxidase. It reduces uric acid production in the body and reduces the risk of gout or kidney stone formation.

LSPN451 is an effective xanthine oxidase inhibitor and may be used to treat hyperuricemia and gout.

XO/COX/LOX-IN-1 is a potent inhibitor of xanthine oxidase/cyclooxygenase/lipoxygenase XO/COX/LOX. XO/COX/LOX-IN-1 can be used in the study of inflammatory, cancer and metabolic diseases.

O-Desisobutyl-O-n-propyl Febuxostat, an xanthine oxidase inhibitor.

Febuxostat sec-butoxy acid is an impurity of Febuxostat. Febuxostat is selective xanthine oxidase inhibitor with a K i of 0.6 nM [1] .

Myricetin 3-O-galactoside (Myricetin 3-O-beta-D-galactopyranoside) can inhibit xanthine oxidase (xanthine oxidase; XO) activity, lipid peroxidation and scavenging free radicals. Myricetin 3-O-galactoside has many effects, including cytotoxicity, anti-oxidation, anti-genotoxicity, anti-infectivity, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, and its main effect is to inhibit the synthesis of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). The IC50 of Myricetin 3-O-galactoside inhibited lipid peroxidation was 160 μg/mL.

Baicalein (5,6,7-Trihydroxyflavone) is a xanthine oxidase inhibitor.

Xanthine (Isoxanthine) is a product on the pathway of purine degradation. Xanthine is subsequently converted to uric acid by the action of the Xanthine oxidase enzyme. Xanthine is found in most body tissues and fluids in various organisms. Biologically Xanthine is produced from guanine by cypin (guanine deaminase). Furthermore, Xanthines act as antagonists for adenosine receptors, with selectivity depending on whether there are substitution of alkyl groups.

8-Azaadenine (NSC-32797) is an inhibitor of xanthine oxidase with IC50 of 0.54 μM and Ki of 0.66 μM.

Purine (7H-Imidazo(4,5-d)pyrimidine) is a heterocyclic aromatic organic compound, consisting of a pyrimidine ring fused to an imidazole ring. Two of the bases in nucleic acids, adenine and guanine, are purines. Purines from food (or from tissue turnover) are metabolised by several enzymes, including xanthine oxidase, into uric acid. High levels of uric acid can predispose to gout when the acid crystalises in joints; this phenomenon only happens in humans and some animal species (e.g. dogs) that lack an intrinsic uricase enzyme that can further degrade uric acid.

Hypoxanthine (Purin-6-ol), also known as purine-6-ol or Hyp. Hypoxanthine is a naturally occurring purine derivative and a reaction intermediate in the metabolism of adenosine and in the formation of nucleic acids by the nucleotide salvage pathway. Under normal circumstances hypoxanthine is readily converted to uric acid.hypoxanthine is first oxidized to xanthine, which is further oxidized to uric acid by xanthine oxidase.

Sappanchalcone shows xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity, is a xanthine oxidase inhibitor.

Febuxostat D9 is deuterium labeled Febuxostat, which is a selective xanthine oxidase inhibitor with Ki of 0.6 nM.

4-Hydroxyacetophenone (4-Acetylphenol) is a potent xanthine oxidase inhibitor.

Blumeatin has antioxidant properties, free radical scavenging activity,and has xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitory activity.

Febuxostat-d7 is a deuterated compound of Febuxostat. Febuxostat has a CAS number of 144060-53-7. Febuxostat is a xanthine oxidase Inhibitor.

Topiroxostat-d4 is a deuterated compound of Topiroxostat. Topiroxostat has a CAS number of 577778-58-6. Topiroxostat is a selective xanthine oxidase inhibitor developed for treatment and management of hyperuricemia and gout.

Compound BDEO (URAT1&XO inhibitor 2) serves as a dual-action inhibitor targeting both xanthine oxidase (XO) and URAT1, demonstrating an IC50 value of 3.3 μM for XO inhibition. It effectively impedes uric acid uptake in HEK293 cells with URAT1 expression, evidenced by a Ki of 0.145 μM. In hyperuricemic mice models, the compound has been shown to reduce serum urate levels and uric acid excretion, indicating potential utility for hyperuricemia research [1].

Nequinate is an anticoccidial agent, preventing coccidiosis .

Compound 5f (Antioxidant agent-13) is an antioxidant that demonstrates inhibition of DPPH and FRAP with half maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50s) of 80.33 µM and 85.69 µM, respectively. Additionally, it inhibits the enzymes lipoxygenase (LOX) and xanthine oxidase (XO) with IC50s of 16.85 µM and 23.01 µM, respectively [1].

Renierol is a natural xanthine oxidase inhibitor with hypouricemic effects isolated from marine sponge Halicdona.SP.

Febuxostat n-butyl isomer is an impurity of Febuxostat. Febuxostat is selective xanthine oxidase inhibitor with a K i of 0.6 nM [1] .

NoxA1ds TFA is a potent and selective inhibitor of NADPH oxidase 1 (NOX1), with an inhibition concentration (IC50) of 20 nM, demonstrating selectivity over NOX2, NOX4, NOX5, and xanthine oxidase. It effectively inhibits NOX1-derived O2- production in HT-29 human colon cancer cells and attenuates VEGF-induced migration of human pulmonary artery endothelial cells under hypoxic conditions in vitro.

Catalase is an essential enzyme in the metabolism of H2O2 and reactive oxygen species (ROS). The expression and localization of Catalase are markedly altered in tumors.