Tyrosinase

Potassium iodide is used as the treatment of overactive thyroid and as protection of the thyroid gland from the influences of radiation from swallowed or inhaled radioactive iodine. It may be used after accidental exposure to radioactive iodine or before and after administration of medicine containing radioactive iodine.

2-Ketoglutaric acid is a key molecule in the tricarboxylic acid cycle,is also connected to glutamic acid and glutamine metabolisms through the transamination reactions.

1. Oxyresveratro can inhibit tyrosinase activity. 2. Oxyresveratro is useful to trauma models, as toxicity to glia could be beneficial by inhibiting reactive gliosis. 3. Oxyresveratrol (trans-Oxyresveratrol) has antioxidant activity, can reduce neuronal oxidative damage and protect hepatocytes against oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction, which may be associated with activation of Nrf2.

(±)-Taxifolin ((±)-Dihydroquercetin) is the racemate of Taxifolin, a flavonoid commonly found in onion, silymarin, French maritime pine bark, and Douglas fir bark, with anti-tyrosinase and anti-fibrotic activity.Taxifolin is an inhibitor of collagenase, with an IC 50 value of 193.3 μM. Taxifolin is a free radical scavenger with antioxidant capacity.

Taxifolin (Dihydroquercetin) is a flavonoid in many plants such as Taxus chinensis, Siberian larch, Cedrus deodara and so on.

(+)-Isocorydine hydrochloride (Isocorydine HCl) is a eukaryote protein kinases Inhibitor.

Etarotene (Arotinoid ethyl sulphone) is an ethylsulfonyl derivative of aloe acid with differentiation-inducing and potentially antitumor activity.Etarotene is a collagenase inhibitor and can be used to study psoriasis.

EHT 1610 (EHT 5372) is a potent inhibitor of DYRK, with an IC50 of 0.36 nM and 0.59 nM for DYRK1A and DYRK1B, respectively. EHT 1610 has an inhibitory effect on leukemia, regulating cell cycle and inducing cell apoptosis.

KW-2450 Formate is an IGF-1R/IR tyrosine kinase inhibitor with antitumor effects that acts through inhibition of Aurora A and B kinases.KW-2450 Formate inhibits the growth of TNBC xenografts and induces tetraploid accumulation.

Hexylresorcinol (4-Hexylresorcinol) is a substituted dihydroxybenzene used topically as an antiseptic for the treatment of minor skin infections.

Glabridin (KB-289522) may serve as an anti-inflammatory agent in diabetes-related vascular dysfunction, through regulating the synthesis and activity of iNOS under high-glucose levels; may possess a therapeutic effect on metabolic disorders( such as diabetes and hyperglycemia), by modulating glucose metabolism through AMPK in skeletal muscle cells. Glabridin may have potential as a chemopreventive agent against liver Y metastasis, by inhibiting the invasion of human HCC cells.

Calycosin (Cyclosin) acts as a selective estrogen receptor modulator. Calycosin induces apoptosis in human ovarian cancer SKOV3 cells by activating caspases and Bcl-2 family proteins. Calycosin suppresses breast cancer cell growth via ERβ-dependent regulation of IGF-1R, p38 MAPK and PI3K/Akt pathways. Calycosin has antineoplastic effects against osteosarcoma through inducing apoptosis showing in vitro and in vivo investigations. Calycosin was shown to induce angiogenesis in human umbilical vein endothelial cell cultures (HUVEC) in vitro. Calycosin may be an effective skin-lightening agent that regulates the expression of melanogenic enzymes. Calycosin exhibited tyrosinase inhibitory activity with an IC(50) value of 38.4 microM.

Tyrosinase-IN-19 (compound 9), a competitive tyrosinase inhibitor, exhibits potent antioxidant activities by neutralizing ROS, ABTS+, and DPPH radicals and demonstrates dose-dependent suppression of tyrosinase expression [1].

Neorauflavane shows tyrosinase inhibition, it can inhibit tyrosinase monophenolase activity with an IC50 of 30 nM, it also can efficiently reduce melanin content in B16 melanoma cells with 12.95 uM of IC50.

4-Chlorosalicylic acid (4-Chloro-2-hydroxybenzoic acid, 4-chloro salicylic acid) is antimicrobial compositions comprising a metal salt and a benzoic acid analog.

Chlorophorin shows high anti-protozoal activity with an MIC of 0.25 microg/ml. Chlorophorin can strongly inhibit mushroom tyrosinase activity with IC50 values of 2.5 ± 0.408 uM; it inhibits α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone-induced melanin production in B16F10 melanoma cells.

Morachalcone A displays significant tyrosinase inhibitory activity (IC50, 0.013 uM); it also exerts strong pancreatic lipase inhibition with IC 50 value of 6.2 uM. Morachalcone A exhibits neuroprotective effects on HT22-immortalized hippocampal cells agai

Tyrosinase-IN-15 (Compound 39), with an IC50 of 7.12 μM and a Ki of 11.8 μM, functions as a tyrosinase inhibitor [1].

Kanzonol C has antimicrobial activity, it also shows potent PTP1B inhibitory activity (IC50 value of 0.31-0.97uM). Kanzonol C has chemopreventive activity,it shows the inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 secretion from brain tumor-derived glioblastoma cells.

Kurarinol is a potent inhibitor of sortase A, with an IC50 value of 107.7 ± 6.6 μM. Kurarinol has extremely strong tyrosinase inhibitory activity, exerts varying degrees of inhibition on tyrosinase-dependent melanin biosynthesis, is a candidate as skin-whitening agents.

2-Hydroxy-4-methoxybenzaldehyde (4-Methoxysalicylaldehyde) is a chemical compound and an isomer of Vanillin. 2-Hydroxy-4-methoxybenzaldehyde(4-Methoxysalicylaldehyde) could be used to synthesis Urolithin M7. 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzaldehyde is a potent tyrosinase inhibitor from three East African medicinal plants, Mondia whitei, Rhus vulgaris Meikle, and Sclerocarya caffra Sond.

Trametenolic acid is a cytotoxic agent.It exhibits a mode of mixed inhibition with a K I of 0.9μM, K IS of 0.5μM, and an IC50 of 7.25μM.Trametenolic acid and Betulin as a new candidate of potent tyrosinase inhibitors, can decrease tyrosinase activity and melanin content.

Broussoflavonol F has antiplatelet effect, is partially due to an inhibitory effect on cyclooxygenase, can inhibit arachidonic acid (AA)-induced platelet aggregation. Broussoflavonol F shows inhibitory activities on mushroom tyrosinase. Broussoflavonol F

3,4-Dimethoxyphenol (4-Hydroxyveratrole) is an active biochemical.

SU5214 is a modulator of tyrosine kinase signal transduction.

Haginin A is an effective inhibitor of hyperpigmentation caused by UV irradiation or by pigmented skin disorders through downregulation via ERK and Akt/PKB activation, MITF, and also by the subsequent downregulation of tyrosinase and TRP-1 production. Hag

Taxiphyllin can inhibit tyrosinase activity in vitro significantly and is a potent tyrosinase inhibitor. Taxiphyllin displays mild antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus.

Mulberroside F shows inhibitory effects on tyrosinase activity and on the melanin formation of melan-a cells, it also exhibits superoxide scavenging activity that is involved in the protection against auto-oxidation, suggests that mulberroside F may be us

6-Hydroxykaempferol is a competitive inhibitor of tyrosinase compared to L-DOPA, it shows also high antioxidant activities.

It is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor.

Glabrene, Liquiritin apioside, neolicuroside, and 18α²-glycyrrhetic acid are the predominant phenolic derivatives partitioning at the interface and most likely the major contributors to the notable synergistic antioxidant activity when coupled with pea pr

SU-4942 is a regulator of tyrosine kinase signaling. It inhibits VEGF and endothelial cell growth factor (ECGF)-induced mitosis in endothelial cells (US5792783A).

Uralenol significantly shows the inhibitory activities against the PTP1B enzyme; it also shows inhibitory activities on mushroom tyrosinase using l-tyrosine as substrate( IC50 =49.5 μM). Uralenol shows potent anti-proliferation effects on ER-positive breast cancer MCF-7 cells in vitro.

Oxyresveratrol-3'-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside shows tyrosinase inhibitory activity, it may be a potential candidate as skin-whitening agents without posing any serious side effects.

Benzoyloxypaeoniflorin (Benzoyloxypeoniflorin) is a natural product,contributes to improving blood circulation through their inhibitory effects on both platelet aggregation and blood coagulation.

Flanvotumab (IMC-20D7S) is a humanized monoclonal antibody directed against tyrosinase-related protein (TYRP1).Flanvotumab exhibits potent antitumor activity and acts through natural killer-mediated and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC).

2-(2,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-6-hydroxybenzofuran shows radical scavenging activities. It also shows mushroom tyrosinase inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of 5.2 micronM and acts as a competitive inhibitor.

Trans-caffeic acid stearyl ester is posited to inhibit melanogenesis signaling while suppressing cAMP levels and, subsequently, MC1R, MITF, tyrosinase, TRP-2 and TRP-1 down-regulation, resulting in the suppression of tyrosinase activity, DOPA oxidase activity and melanin synthesis.

Taxoquinone has strong antibacterial effect, it could be used as a promising antibacterial agent in food industry to inhibit the growth of certain important foodborne pathogens. It (100 ug/disc) displays potential anticandidal effect against Candia albica

Broussonin C and broussin are antifungal compounds. Broussonin C exerts simple reversible slow-binding inhibition against diphenolase.

hTYR/AbTYR-IN-1 is a dual hTYR/AbTYR inhibitor with inhibitory effects on hTYR and AbTYR, with IC50s of 5.4 μM and 3.52 μM, respectively. hTYR/AbTYR-IN-1 can be used for the study of hyperpigmentation and melanoma in humans.

Calcium 2-oxoglutarate is an intermediate in the production of GTP or ATP in the Krebs cycle. It is a reversible inhibitor of tyrosinase (IC50: 15 mM).

Buddlenoid A shows high inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase.

Oxyresveratrol-2-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside shows better tyrosinase inhibitory activities than kojic acid.

3,5-Dimethoxyphenol (Phloroglucinol dimethyl ether) as a marker of Taxus poisoning, being present in all species of Taxus. It has potent tyrosinase-inhibiting activity.

Trifolirhizin exerts varying degrees of inhibition on tyrosinase-dependent melanin biosynthesis, and therefore, are candidates as skin-whitening agents.Trifolirhizin possesses potential anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer activities.Trifolirhizin shows in vitro inhibitory effects on the growth of human A2780 ovarian and H23 lung cancer cells. Trifolirhizin inhibits acetylcholine mediated airway smooth muscle (ASM) contraction or directly relaxes pre-contracted ASM independent of β 2 -adrenoceptors.

Viscumneoside III, a dihydroflavone O-glycoside, is a potent Tyrosinase inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.5 mM. Viscumneoside III has anti-angina pectoris.

Pedalitin is a mixed-type inhibitor of tyrosinase. In the assay of α-glucosidase inhibition, rosmarinic acid is a competitive inhibitor, whereas both methyl rosmarinate and Pedalitin are mixed-type inhibitors.

3'-Deoxy-4-O-methylsappanol shows moderate cytotoxicities against cultured human melanoma HMV-II cells with the IC50 value of 872.0 uM ± 2.4.

3-O-Ethyl-L-ascorbic acid is a cosmetic tyrosinase inhibitor with whitening ability and is a stabilized vitamin C derivative. It also has antioxidant properties.