hepatoprotective

Compound 11, labeled as a weak Hepatoprotective agent-1, is a naturally occurring substance extracted from the fruits of Arctium lappa L. It demonstrates modest hepatoprotective effects when applied at a concentration of 10 μM [1].

Notoginsenoside R1 (Sanchinoside R1) has been shown to exhibit antioxidant, antiapoptotic, anti-inflammatory, and immune-stimulatory properties.

(E)-3-(4-Methoxyphenyl)acrylic acid is a small molecule compound isolated from the rhizome of Etlingera pavieana (Pierre ex Gagnep.) R. M. Sm. It is a novel α-glucosidase inhibitor. (E)-3-(4-Methoxyphenyl)acrylic acid has hepatoprotective activity, antiamnesic activity, enhances cognitive effects, and can be used to lower blood pressure sugar.

Aucubin (Rhinanthin) is an iridoid glycoside with anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, anti-algesic as well as anti-tumor activities.

1. Sweroside possesses strong hepatoprotective effect. 2. Sweroside is a promising osteoporosis therapeutic natural product, has anti-osteoporotic effect on the human MG-63 cells and rat osteoblasts.

Echinacoside is a natural polyphenolic compound with various kinds of pharmacological activities, such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, nitric oxide radical-scavenging and vasodilative ones.

Squalene (AddaVax) is a natural organic compound originally obtained for commercial purposes primarily from shark liver oil, though there are botanical sources as well, including rice bran, wheat germ, and olives. All higher organisms produce squalene, including humans. Squalene is an intermediate product in the synthesis of cholesterol and shows several pharmacological properties such as hypolipidemic, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, antioxidant, and antitoxicant activity.

Silibinin (Silybin) is the major active constituent of silymarin, a standardized extract of the milk thistle seeds, containing a mixture of flavonolignans consisting of silibinin, isosilibinin, silicristin, silidianin and others. Silibinin itself is a mixture of two diastereomers, silybin A and silybin B, in approximately equimolar ratio. Both in vitro and animal research suggest that silibinin has hepatoprotective (antihepatotoxic) properties that protect liver cells against toxins. Silibinin has also demonstrated in vitro anti-cancer effects against human prostate adenocarcinoma cells, estrogen-dependent and -independent human breast carcinoma cells, human ectocervical carcinoma cells, human colon cancer cells, and both small and nonsmall human lung carcinoma cells.

Vicenin 2 is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor (IC50=43.83 μM) from the aerial parts of Desmodium styracifolium. Vicenin 2 is an inhibitor of α-glucosidase, PTP1B, and RLAR. Vicenin 2 has hepatoprotective, anti-cancer, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, and DTL co-administration is more effective than either of the single agents in androgen-independent prostate cancer. Vicenin 2 might be a useful lead for the development of multiple target-oriented therapeutic modalities for the treatment of diabetes and diabetes-associated complications. Vicenin 2 could act as a UV light barrier to protect the plants.

Fraxetin (7,8-dihydroxy-6-methoxy coumarin) has dual-antioxidative ,hepatoprotective and antihyperglycemic functions, it shows potent protective effects against CCl4 induced oxidative stress and hepatic fibrosis, has a marked inhibitory effect on S.aureus proliferation. It increased the level of Nrf2/ARE, and HO-1, inhibit the formation of ROS, cytochrome c release, activation of caspase-3 and 9, and suppressed the up-regulation of Bax.

Gardenoside has hepatoprotective, pain‑relieving, and anti-mastitis effects. it may be a potential therapeutic herb against NASH by suppressed supernatant inflammatory cytokine production and intracellular NFkB activity. Gardenoside may be considere

Polygalacin D shows anti- proliferation, anti-inflammary, and hepatoprotective activities, it can inhibit the expression of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced iNOS and COX-2 protein and mRNA without an appreciable cytotoxic effect on RAW 264.7 macrophages, and can suppress induction by LPS of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as prostaglandin E2 (PGE2).

3,4-Dicaffeoylquinic acid (Isochlorogenic acid B) has antioxidant activity.

Rutin (Quercetin 3-O-rutinoside), a flavonoid, has a variety of biological activities including antiallergic, anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative, and anticarcinogenic properties.

Schisandrin (Wuweizi alcohol-A) is a compound with anti-asthmatic, anti-cancer, and anti-inflammatory effects.

Compound 6, known as Heilaohuguosu F, is a tetrahydrofuranolignan demonstrating weak hepatoprotective properties. It exhibits a mild protective effect against acetaminophen (APAP)-induced hepatotoxicity in HepG2 cells.

Glomeratide A, a benzophenone C-glucoside, exhibits hepatoprotective properties and safeguards rat liver epithelial stem-like cells from d-galactosamine-induced hepatotoxicity.

Garcinielliptone HD, isolated from the heartwood of Garcinia subelliptica Merr., exhibits hepatoprotective activity [1].

3'-Methoxy-3,5,4'-trihydroxyflavone-7-neohesperidoside, a flavonoid extracted from Cleome droserifolia, exhibits moderate hepatoprotective activity [1].

Reynosin has hepatoprotective, and anti-inflammatory effects, it has protective effect against dopamine-induced neuronal cell death, which may be due to the reciprocal up-regulation of E6-associated protein and down-regulation of α±-synuclein protein expr

Torilin and torilolone show hepatoprotective effects on tacrine-induced cytotoxicity in human liver-derived Hep G2 cells,the EC50 values are 20.6 +/- 1.86 and 3.6 +/- 0.1 microM, respectively; and silybin as a positive control shows an EC50 value of 69.0

Neopuerarin B, an isoflavone derived from the aqueous extract of dried Pueraria lobata (Willd.) roots, exhibits notable hepatoprotective properties.

14-Deoxyandrographolide is a bioactive compound of Andrographis paniculata with hepatoprotective efficacy. It desensitizes hepatocytes to TNF-α-mediated apoptosis through the release of TNFRSF1A release.

Cudraflavone B has anti-proliferative activity, mouse brain monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitory effects, apoptotic actions in human gastric carcinoma cells and mouse melanoma cells, and hepatoprotective activity. It may be a lead for the development of a potential candidate for human oral squamous cell carcinoma cells.

Compound 5 (Anti-inflammatory agent 30) exhibits anti-inflammatory properties and demonstrates hepatoprotective activity [1].

(+)-Acuminatin exerts hepatoprotective activities, perhaps by serving as a potent antioxidant. (+)-trans-Acuminatin, and (+)-cis-acuminatin show weak activity against platelet aggregation with IC50 values of 108.5 and 90.02 uM, respectively. (+)-Acuminatin, and machilin G show dose-dependent potent inhibitory activities against PLCgamma1 in vitro with IC50 values ranging from 8.8 to 26.0 microM, the inhibition of PLCgamma1 may be an important mechanism for an antiproliferative effect on the human cancer cells, therefore, these inhibitors may be utilized as cancer chemotherapeutic and chemopreventive agents.

Celosin H is a novel hepatoprotective triterpenoid saponin isolated from the methanol extract of Celosiae Semen.

Onitin shows super-oxide and DPPH free radical scavenging effects.It also exhibits hepatoprotective activity on tacrine-induced cytotoxicity in human liver-derived Hep G2 cells.

1,3,5,6-Tetrahydroxyxanthone shows moderate hepatoprotective activity with EC(50) values of 160.2 +/- 0.6 microM against tacrine-induced cytotoxicity in HepG2 cells. It can inhibit angiotensin-I-converting-enzyme activity in a dose-dependent manner.

Cudratricusxanthone A has potent anti-proliferative, antioxidative, and monoamine oxidase inhibitory effects, it also possesses anti-cancer activities and provide a basis for developing effective therapeutic agents to inhibit growth and metastasis of brea

Fulvotomentoside B, a saponin derived from Lactobacillus flavus, displays hepatoprotective properties. It notably decreases serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) and triacylglycerol (GT) concentrations in mice subjected to hepatic injury induced by CCl₄, d-galactosamine (d-gal), and acetaminophen, while also significantly mitigating liver tissue damage [1].

Phyllanthin is widely used as hepatoprotective and antigenotoxic and inhibit function of P-gp.

Kielcorin shows antibacterial activity against strain EMRSA-16. It also shows in vitro anti-inflammatory (respiratory burst) inhibiting activities using isolated human neutrophils (IC (50) = 965.21 ± 65.80 uM). trans-Kielcorin has hepatoprotective activity, it can prevent tert-butylhydroperoxide-induced lipid peroxidation and cell death in freshly isolated rat hepatocytes.

Sarmenoside III, a hepatoprotective flavonol glycoside, has been isolated from the plant Sedum sarmentosum.

Potentillanoside A is a natural hepatoprotective compound [1].

Ganodermanontriol, a sterol derived from Ganoderma lucidum, showcases hepatoprotective activity and possesses anti-inflammatory properties in tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP)-damaged hepatic cells through the upregulation of HO-1 expression.

Compound 29 (Compound 7) is an anti-inflammatory agent that exhibits hepatoprotective activity [1].

Schisandrathera D, a lignan sourced from Schisandra sphenanthera [1], exhibits hepatoprotective effects.

Inonotusol F, a triterpene extracted from Inonotus obliquus, exhibits hepatoprotective properties by mitigating D-galactosamine-induced damage in WB-F344 cells [1].

5-O-Methylgenistein may show free radical scavenging activity, it also may have hepatoprotective property on the model of toxic hepatitis induced by carbon tetrachloride damage.

Soyasaponin IV has hepatoprotective activity.It also has antimutagenic activity in mammalian cells.

(±)-Silybin, a racemate of Silybin, demonstrates a range of biological activities including inducing apoptosis and possessing hepatoprotective, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer properties [1] [2].

1. Swertianolin (Bellidifolin-8-O-Glucoside), mangiferin, rhodenthoside A-C, isoorientin, isovitexin, and amarogentin would serve as potential chemotaxonomic markers to differentiate Gentianaceae species. 2. Swertianolin and swertiamarin show significant hepatoprotective effect in the liver damage model induced by alpha-naphthylisot hiocyanate. 3. Swertianolin shows anti-acetylcholinesterase activity effects. 4. Swertianolin shows that it can scavenge superoxide and hydroxyl radicals with the studying method of the autoxidation of Pyrogallol and afenton.

Bupleuroside XIII, a hepatoprotective natural saponin [1], exhibits properties that safeguard liver function.

Compound 28 (Compound 9) is an anti-inflammatory agent with hepatoprotective activity [1].

Gardenolic acid B shows promising hepatoprotective effects on nitrofurantoin-induced cytotoxicity in human liver-derived Hep G2 cells. Gardenolic acid B shows significant effects on terminating early pregnancy in rats.

Celosin H, celosin I, and celosin J could be used as chemical markers for the quality control of C. argentea seeds. Celosin I exhibited significant hepatoprotective effect on carbon tetrachloride-induced and N,N-dimethylformamide-induced hepatotoxicity in

Neopuerarin A, an isoflavone derived from the aqueous extraction of dried roots of Pueraria lobata (Willd.), displays notable hepatoprotective activity.

1. Protostemonine has anti-inflammatory activity, it effectively attenuates LPS-induced inflammatory responses in vitro and in vivo; the beneficial effects are associated with the decreased phosphorylation of MAPK and AKT and the reduced expression of pro

Auraptene is a coumarin derived from citrus plants that bears a geranyloxyl moiety at its C-7. It has anti-inflammatory, anti-carcinogenic, anti-bacterial, neuroprotective, and hepatoprotective activities. It inhibits leukocyte activation and induces phas