malarial

Antimalarial agent 30 has anti-Plasmodium berghei liver stage parasite activity and antimalarial activity for the study of malarial infections.

Antimalarial agent 13 (N2-(3-chlorophenyl)-N4-(furan-2-ylmethyl)quinazoline-2,4-diamine) is a potent antimalarial agent.

Chloroquine is a Toll-like receptor inhibitor that inhibits autophagy. Chloroquine has anti-malarial and anti-inflammatory activity and is widely used in the treatment of malaria and rheumatoid arthritis. Chloroquine also has anti-SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) activity and anti-HIV-1 activity.

Hydroxychloroquine sulfate (Acidum iopanoicum) inhibits plasmodial heme polymerase. It is a chemotherapeutic agent that acts against erythrocytic forms of malarial parasites. Hydroxychloroquine appears to concentrate in food vacuoles of affected protozoa.

Artemisinin (Qinghaosu) is an ancient Chinese herbal therapy for malarial fevers which has been recently found to have potent activity against many forms of malarial organisms, including chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum.

Primaquine diphosphate is the phosphate salt form of primaquine, a synthetic, 8-aminoquinoline derivative with antimalarial properties. Although its mechanism of action is unclear, primaquine bind to and alter the properties of protozoal DNA. This agent eliminates tissue (exo-erythrocytic) malarial infection, preventing the development of the erythrocytic forms of the parasite which are responsible for relapses in Plasmodium vivax and ovale malaria. Primaquine is active against late hepatic stages (hypnozoites, schizonts).

3-AMINO-1,2,4-TRIAZINE is an aromatic bioactive compound. It has been used to synthesize a variety of drugs, including the antifungal drug fluconazole, the anti-inflammatory drug ibuprofen and the anticancer drug paclitaxel. It has also been used in the design of new drugs, such as the anti-AIDS drug zidovudine and the anti-malarial drug artemisinin.

Roxithromycin (RU-28965) is a semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic derived from erythromycin, exhibiting both antibacterial and anti-malarial properties.

Cinnamylideneacetic acid (Beta-Styrylacrylic acid) is used as Synthetic building block, anti-malarial agent.

Quinine hydrochloride dihydrate (Quinine HCl Dihydrate) is a white crystalline K+ channel blocker, used to treat malaria.

Antimalarial agent 14 (NSC-102533) is a bioactive chemical.

Antimalarial agent 1 is an effective antimalarial agent.

UCB7362 (GLXC-26743) is an orally available and potent plasmepsin X (PMX) inhibitor with anti-malarial activity.UCB7362 inhibits parasite reproduction.

Quinine dihydrochloride (Quinine bimuriate) is a primary alkaloid of various species of Cinchona (Rubiaceae). It is also an antimalarial and muscle relaxant (skeletal).

Pyronaridine is an orally active, mannitol-containing anti-malarial compound that acts by interfering with the replication of the malaria parasite (Plasmodium) within red blood cells. Pyronaridine is often used in combination with other drugs to treat malaria and has infective activity against P. falciparum and Echinococcus granulosus.

WR99210 hydrochloride is a potent inhibitor of Plasmodium falciparum dihydrofolate reductase (pfDHFR), which is a major malarial drug target. It has subnanomolar potency for the wild type, double mutant and quadruple mutant dihydrofolate reductases.

Compound 24 (Compound 7), an in vitro antimalarial agent, demonstrates inhibitory activity against the Plasmodium falciparum W2 strain with an IC50 of 0.81 μM and exhibits a cytotoxicity threshold (CC50) exceeding 200 μM in HepG2 cells [1].

Compound 29 (also known as Compound 16) is an antimalarial agent that demonstrates inhibition of the P. berghei liver stage parasite load, exhibiting an effective concentration (EC50) of 5.2 μM [1].

Antimalarial agent 15 is a parasite inhibitor that exhibits antimalarial effects and inhibits the growth of Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 with an IC50 value of 20 nM.

Antimalarial agent 9 is an effective antimalarial agent, a quinoline-imidazole derivative compound. antimalarial agent 9 showed significant in vitro antimalarial effects against CQ-susceptible strains (IC50-0.14 μM) and MDR strains (IC50-0.41 μM), with minimal cytotoxicity and high selectivity.

Antimalarial agent 28 (Compound 2i) is an antiplasmodial agent that inhibits P. berghei with IC50 values of 0.561 μM for the liver stage, 0.14 μM for early gametocytes, and 4.34 μM for the ring stages of P. falciparum [1].

Antimalarial agent 33 (compound 5g) exhibits antiplasmodial activity targeting both erythrocytic and hepatic stages of Plasmodium, with an effective concentration (EC50) of 1.1 μM against the K1 strain of P. falciparum. It demonstrates improved microsomal stability with a half-life (T1 2) of 29 minutes and displays no significant cytotoxicity against primary hepatocytes [1].

Antimalarial agent 12 is an effective antimalarial agent that inhibits the growth of Plasmodium falciparum strains Dd2 and 3D7 with EC50 values of 155 nM and 136 nM, respectively. antimalarial agent 12 has a MIC >250,000 nM against E. coli and also acts on Antimalarial agent 12 has a MIC of >250,000 nM against E. coli and also works on HEK-293 and hPHep cell lines with CC50 values of 10,000-50,000 nM.

Antimalarial agent 17, functioning both as an antimalarial agent and a herbicide, inhibits photosystem II and demonstrates post-emergence herbicidal efficacy comparable to commercial herbicides [1].

Antimalarial agent 23, a benzimidazole-based compound, exhibits potent antimalarial activity, demonstrated by its low IC50 values of 0.08 μM for PfNF54 and 0.10 μM for PfK1, respectively. This compound effectively inhibits β-hematin formation, yet it does not directly interfere with the conversion of heme to hemozoin [1].

Antimalarial agent 16 is a parasite inhibitor that exhibits antimalarial effects and inhibits the growth of Plasmodium falciparum with an IC50 value of 2.0 nM.

Antimalarial agent 11 (compound 1), a spirocyclic chromane, is a potent antimalarial agent effective against D6 (EC50: 1.48 μM) and ARC08-022 (EC50: 1.81 μM).

Antimalarial agent 20, exhibiting potent efficacy with an IC50 value of 0.6 nM against the P. falciparum NF54 parasite strain within the NF54 albumax assay, serves as a significant antimalarial compound.

Antimalarial agent 3, an antimalarial agent, exhibits potent activity against Plasmodium with an IC50 of 0.035 μM. Furthermore, it demonstrates an exceptionally high selectivity index in relation to mammalian cells.

Antimalarial agent 7 is a potent and effective inhibitor of PfATP4, showing potential for studying human Plasmodium falciparum.

Antimalarial agent 27 (compound 11a) potently inhibits P. falciparum with an IC50 of 0.37 μM, targeting the parasite's 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate reductoisomerase (DXR) enzyme with an IC50 of 0.11 μM, indicating its mechanism of action [1].

Antimalarial agent 10 (Compound 17b) is an amino alcohol-quinoline compound. It exhibits antimalarial activity against Pf3D7 (IC50: 14.9 nM) and PfW2 (IC50: 11 nM) with a selectivity index greater than 770, irrespective of the cell line.

Compound 31 (compound 7k) is an orally active inhibitor of Plasmodium falciparum aspartic protease, plasmepsin X (PMX), with antimalarial properties [1].

Antimalarial agent 2 is an orally active, novel antimalarial agent that exhibits rapid in vitro killing effects.

Antimalarial agent 26, a derivative of 1,4-naphthoquinones, demonstrates antimalarial properties through oral administration. It exhibits cytotoxic effects on P. falciparum while maintaining selectivity against mammalian cell lines and effectively inhibits P. berghei-induced parasitemia in vivo [1].

Antimalarial agent 8 (Compound 7e) is a novel, orally active antimalarial effective against P. falciparum in vitro and in vivo in a mouse model of malaria at 40 mg kg.

Antimalarial agent 18, a powerful antimalarial compound characterized by its electronic, highly lipophilic, and siderophoric properties, falls within the acyloxymethyl series, acting as a fosmidomycin surrogate. It effectively inhibits the non-mevalonate isoprenoid biosynthesis pathway by targeting the IspC enzyme. This compound demonstrates significant inhibitory activity against P. falciparum (IC50 = 50 nM) and A. baumanii (IC50 = 390 nM).

Antimalarial agent 19 (compound 6e) exhibits antimalarial activity against the blood stages of P. falciparum K1 and P. berghei, with EC50 values of 0.3 µM and 15.3 µM, respectively. It demonstrates good aqueous solubility, intestinal permeability, and microsomal stability relative to gamhepathiopine [1].

Lupeol (Monogynol B) is a novel androgen receptor inhibitor with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity.

Tectol has anti-plasmodial activity, it as a moderately active growth inhibitor with an IC50 3.44±0.20μM. It exhibited significant activity against human leukemia cell lines HL60 and CEM. Tectol may cause itchy dermatitis, the dermatitis appeared on the n

Tafenoquine Succinate (WR 238605 (Succinate)) is an 8-aminoquinoline. and is an agent of anti-malarial prophylactic.

Conessine (Conessinum), a steroidal alkaloid isolated from Holarrhena floribunda, interacts with the histamine H3 receptor and has anti-malarial activity.

Tafenoquine is an 8-aminoquinoline,and is an agent of anti-malarial prophylactic.

Asperaculane B, a fungal metabolite, exhibits anti-malarial activity by inhibiting Plasmodium falciparum transmission and its asexual development, with IC50 values of 7.89 µM and 3 µM, respectively. Additionally, it is non-toxic to human cells [1].

Beta-Yohimbine has approximately twice as toxic as yohimbine and corynanthine about one fifth as toxic. Beta-yohimbine has alpha-1 and alpha-2 adrenoceptor blocking activities, it has cardiovascular effects. Beta-Yohimbine has anti-plasmodial and anti-mal

5,7,3',4'-Tetramethoxyflavone (TMF), a prominent polymethoxyflavone (PMF) derived from M. exotica, displays a range of notable bioactivities. These include anti-malarial, anti-fungal, anti-mycobacterial, and anti-inflammatory properties. Moreover, TMF specifically targets β-catenin signaling to exhibit chondroprotective activity.

Quinine sulfate dihydrate plays a major role in potassium channel blockers. It is also used as an antimalarial, anticholinergic, antihypertensive and a hypoglycemic agent. It inhibits mitochondrial ATP-regulated potassium channel. It is also used to study the metabolism of biocrystalized heme, hemozoin, in malarial parasites and to study the toxicity of heme (FP)-complexes.

l-Primaquine is used to treat and prevent malaria and to treat Pneumocystis pneumonia.

Primaquine is the generally available anti-malarial that prevents relapse in vivax and ovale malaria, and the potent gametocytocide in falciparum malaria [1] [2].

L-Lactate dehydrogenase, a redox enzyme, catalyzes the in vivo reduction of pyruvate to L-lactate with absolute enantiospecificity by utilizing NADH [1].