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Anti-NASH Agent 1 (Compound 3d), derived from Elafibranor, serves as a strong PPAR-α/δ agonist aimed at treating nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). At dosages of 3-10 mg/kg over four weeks, this compound ameliorates hyperlipidemia, liver fat degeneration, and inflammation in a methionine-choline deficiency (MCD)-induced NASH mouse model, exhibiting minimal hepatotoxicity while providing substantial hepatic protection [1].

Icosabutate (NST-4016) is an orally active derivative of eicosapentaenoic acid that inhibits hepatic inflammation and fibrosis in NASH, improves cardiovascular risk profiles in statin-treated patients with residual hypertriglyceridemia, lowers triglycerides, and may be useful in studies of liver fibrosis and atherosclerosis.

INT-767 is a potent farnesoid X receptor (FXR)/TGR5 dual agonist that prevents NASH and promotes visceral adipose brown lipogenesis and mitochondrial function for the study of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.

Berberine ursodeoxycholate (HTD1801) is an orally effective hypolipidemic agent, an ionic salt of Berberine and Ursodeoxycholic acid.Berberine ursodeoxycholate has a wide range of metabolic activity and significantly reduces liver fat content. Berberine ursodeoxycholate has been used in studies of hyperlipidemia, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and diabetes.

Glycolithocholic acid (Lithocholic acid glycine conjugate) is a glycine conjugate of lithocholic acid.

Aramchol (C20-FABAC), also known as arachidyl amido cholanoic acid, is a conjugate of arachidic acid and cholic acid. It reduces ex vivo cholesterol crystallization in native human bile and dissolves pre-formed cholesterol crystals in a dose-dependent manner.

Gardenoside has hepatoprotective, pain‑relieving, and anti-mastitis effects. it may be a potential therapeutic herb against NASH by suppressed supernatant inflammatory cytokine production and intracellular NFkB activity. Gardenoside may be considere

ZLY28 is a novel, first-in-class compound with specific intestinal restriction and oral activity, serving as a dual modulator of FXR and FABP1. Additionally, it is a pioneering anti-NASH agent, utilized in the study of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) [1].

ZLY032 is a dual agonist of free fatty acid receptor 1 (FFAR1/GPR40; EC50= 68 nM in a FLIPR assay) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor δ (PPARδ; EC50= 102 nM in a reporter assay).1It is selective for FFAR1 and PPARδ over PPARα and PPARγ (EC50s = >10 μM for both). ZLY032 (40 mg/kg, twice per day) reduces blood glucose levels in an oral glucose tolerance test and decreases plasma total cholesterol and triglyceride levels in theob/obmouse model of metabolic disease.2It reduces hepatic steatosis and plasma alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels in a mouse model of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) induced by a methionine and choline-deficient diet at the same dose. 1.Li, Z., Chen, Y., Zhou, Z., et al.Discovery of first-in-class thiazole-based dual FFA1/PPARδ agonists as potential anti-diabetic agentsEur. J. Med. Chem.164352-365(2019) 2.Li, Z., Zhou, Z., Hu, L., et al.ZLY032, the first-in-class dual FFA1/PPARδ agonist, improves glucolipid metabolism and alleviates hepatic fibrosisPharmacol Res.159105035(2020)

Ervogastat (PF-06865571) is a potent and well-tolerated diacylglycerol acyltransferase 2 inhibitor. Ervogastat reduces steatosis and hepatic triglyceride levels in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH).

Efinopegdutide (JNJ-64565111) is a potent dual agonist for the glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucagon receptors (GluR), demonstrating efficacy in activating both receptors, with potential applications in the research of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) [1].

FXR antagonist 1 is a selective, orally active intestinal FXR antagonist with an IC50 value of 2.1 μM. FXR antagonist 1 antagonises intestinal FXR and selectively inhibits intestinal FXR signalling by feedback activation of hepatic FXR. FXR antagonist 1 can improve liver steatosis, inflammation and fibrosis in the NASH (non-alcoholic steatohepatitis) model and can be used to study NASH.

A3051, is a robust and orally active inhibitor of CXXC5-DVL with an IC 50 of 63.06 nM. Its applications include research into phenotypes associated with obesity, diabetes, and NASH that are induced by high fat diet (HFD) and methionine-choline deficient diet (MCD).

Nivocasan, also known as GS-9450 and LB-84451, a novel caspase-inhibitor has demonstrated hepatoprotective activity in fibrosis/apoptosis animal models. GS-9450 treatment induced significant reductions in ALT levels in NASH patients.

DRX-065 is a stabilized and deuterated R-enantiomer of pioglitazone. DRX-065 has pharmacological properties desirable for the treatment of NASH (mitochondrial function modulation, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory effects, and glucose lowering effects) with

HSD17B13-IN-52 (Compound 84), an inhibitor of hydroxysteroid 17β-dehydrogenase 13 (HSD17B13), exhibits potent activity with an IC50 value of ≤ 0.1 μM against estradiol. This compound is applicable in the research of various health conditions including liver, metabolic, and cardiovascular diseases, specifically NAFLD, NASH, and drug-induced liver injury (DILI) [1].

HSD17B13-IN-30 (compound 64) serves as a potent inhibitor of hydroxysteroid 17?-dehydrogenase 13 (HSD17B13), exhibiting an IC 50 value of less than 0.1 μM? with estradiol? as substrates. This compound is significantly implicated in the management of nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases (NAFLDs), including nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) [1].

HSD17B13-IN-17 (compound 9) serves as a potent inhibitor of hydroxysteroid 17β-dehydrogenase 13 (HSD17B13). It demonstrates inhibitory efficacy with IC50 values of ＜0.1 μM for estradiol and ＜1 μM for Leukotriene B3 as substrates. This compound is significant in the management of nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases (NAFLDs), including nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) [1].

HSD17B13-IN-40 (compound 6) serves as a potent inhibitor of hydroxysteroid 17β-dehydrogenase 13 (HSD17B13), exhibiting an IC50 value of less than 0.1 μM using estradiol as substrates. This compound is significant in the treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases (NAFLDs), including nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) [1].

CTPI-2 is an inhibitor of mitochondrial citrate carrier SLC25A1 with(KD : 3.5 μM). CTPI-2 inhibits glycolysis, PPARγ, and its downstream target the glucose transporter GLUT4. CTPI-2 exhibits anti-tumor activity.CTPI-2 halts salient alterations of NASH reverting steatosis, preventing the evolution to steatohepatitis, reducing inflammatory macrophage infiltration in the liver and adipose tissue, and starkly mitigating obesity induced by a high-fat diet.

HSD17B13-IN-71 (Compound 149), an effective inhibitor of hydroxysteroid 17β-dehydrogenase 13 (HSD17B13), displays potent activity with an IC 50 value of ≤ 0.1 μM against estradiol. This compound is applicable in the study of various disorders including liver diseases, metabolic diseases, and cardiovascular conditions such as NAFLD or NASH, in addition to drug-induced liver injury (DILI) [1].

HSD17B13-IN-19 (compound 16) acts as a potent inhibitor of hydroxysteroid 17β-dehydrogenase 13 (HSD17B13), exhibiting IC50 values under 0.1 μM and under 1 μM when using estradiol and Leukotriene B3 as substrates, respectively. This compound is crucial in the treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases (NAFLDs), such as nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) [1].

HSD17B13-IN-28 (compound 47) is a potent inhibitor of hydroxysteroid 17β-dehydrogenase 13 (HSD17B13), with an IC50 of < 0.1 μM using estradiol as a substrate. HSD17B13-IN-28 plays an important role in nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases (NAFLDs), including NASH (nonalcoholic steatohepatitis) [1].

HSD17B13-IN-57 (Compound 93) acts as an inhibitor targeting hydroxysteroid 17β-dehydrogenase 13 (HSD17B13), demonstrating an IC 50 of ≤ 0.1 μM against estradiol. This compound is applicable in the study of various health conditions, including liver, metabolic, and cardiovascular diseases—specifically NAFLD, NASH—and drug-induced liver injury (DILI) [1].

HSD17B13-IN-32 (Compound 67) is an inhibitor of hydroxysteroid 17β-dehydrogenase 13 (HSD17B13) with an IC50 value of ≤0.1 μM for estradiol. It can be used for research on liver diseases, metabolic diseases, or cardiovascular diseases, such as NAFLD or NASH, as well as drug-induced liver injury (DILI) [1].

HSD17B13-IN-55 (Compound 167) serves as an effective inhibitor of hydroxysteroid 17β-dehydrogenase 13 (HSD17B13), exhibiting an IC 50 value of ≤ 0.1 μM against estradiol. This compound is particularly useful in research related to liver, metabolic, and cardiovascular diseases including NAFLD, NASH, and drug-induced liver injury (DILI) [1].

HSD17B13-IN-12 (Compound 3), functioning as an inhibitor of hydroxysteroid 17β-dehydrogenase 13 (HSD17B13), exhibits potent activity with an IC 50 value of ≤ 0.1 μM against both leukotriene B3 and estradiol. This compound is applicable in studying various conditions including liver diseases, metabolic disorders, and cardiovascular diseases like NAFLD or NASH, as well as drug-induced liver injury (DILI) [1].

HSD17B13-IN-42 (compound 10) is a potent inhibitor of hydroxysteroid 17β-dehydrogenase 13 (HSD17B13), with an IC50 of < 0.1 μM using estradiol as substrates. HSD17B13-IN-42 plays an important role in nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases (NAFLDs) including NASH (nonalcoholic steatohepatitis) [1].

S217879 is a potent and selective activator of NRF2 that disrupts the KEAP1-NRF2 interaction, resulting in significant activation of the NRF2 pathway. This compound is applicable in research on non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) [1].

11,12-DiHETrE, a Cytochrome P450 (P450) eicosanoid and endogenous metabolite, holds potential as a single biomarker for differentiating nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) from nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) [1] [2]. Additionally, it is utilized in preterm labor research.

MBX-8025 is an agonist of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor δ (PPARδ).1 It is greater than 750- and 2,500-fold selective for PPARδ over PPARα and PPARγ. MBX-8025 (10 mg/kg per day for eight weeks) reduces increases in fasting blood glucose and serum insulin levels, and decreases insulin resistance in Alms1 mutant (foz/foz) mice fed an atherogenic diet as a model of diet-induced obesity, type 2 diabetes, and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH).2 It also decreases serum alanine transaminase (ALT), as well as serum and hepatic cholesterol and triglyceride, levels and reduces markers of NASH in the same model. |1. Bays, H.E., Schwartz, S., Littlejohn, T., 3rd, et al. MBX-8025, a novel peroxisome proliferator receptor-δ agonist: Lipid and other metabolic effects in dyslipidemic overweight patients treated with and without atorvastatin. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 96(9), 2889-2897 (2011).|2. Haczeyni, F., Wang, H., Barn, V., et al. The selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-delta agonist seladelpar reverses nonalcoholic steatohepatitis pathology by abrogating lipotoxicity in diabetic obese mice. Hepatol. Commun. 1(7), 663-674 (2017).

GIP GLP-1 dual receptor agonist-1 (compound 4), a receptor agonist for both GIP and GLP-1, shows potential for researching metabolic disorders and fatty liver diseases, such as nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) [1].

Glycolithocholic acid sodium salt, the sodium form of Glycolithocholic acid, is a glycine-conjugated secondary bile acid utilized in diagnosing ulcerative colitis (UC), non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC).

BMS-986318 is a potent nonbile acid FXR agonist with EC50 values of 53 nM (FXR Gal4) and 350 nM (SRC-1 recruitment assays). It has a favorable ADME profile and demonstrates effectiveness in mouse models of liver cholestasis and fibrosis caused by bile duct ligation. BMS-986318 is used in research on nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.

NSC 48160, a chemical compound, exhibits inhibitory effects on pancreatic cancer cell proliferation, with half-maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50s) of 84.3 μM for CPFAC-1 and 94.5 μM for BxPC-3. It also promotes apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells. Additionally, NSC 48160 has been shown to ameliorate metabolic syndromes, including non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), obesity, and lipid metabolism disorders [1] [2].

HSD17B13-IN-79 (Compound 32), an inhibitor of hydroxysteroid 17β-dehydrogenase 13 (HSD17B13), demonstrates potent activity with an IC50 value of ≤ 0.1 μM against estradiol. This compound is primarily utilized in the study of liver, metabolic, and cardiovascular diseases, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and drug-induced liver injury (DILI) [1].

HSD17B13-IN-15 (Compound 6) acts as an inhibitor targeting hydroxysteroid 17β-dehydrogenase 13 (HSD17B13), exhibiting IC 50 values of ≤ 1 μM for leukotriene B3 and ≤ 0.1 μM for estradiol. This compound finds applications in studying various conditions, including liver diseases, metabolic disorders, and cardiovascular diseases such as NAFLD, NASH, or drug-induced liver injury (DILI) [1].

V023-9340 is a powerful FXR inhibitor with an IC50 of 4.27 μM, suitable for research in NASH (nonalcoholic steatohepatitis) [1].

SHS4121705 is an orally bioavailable mitochondrial uncoupler.1It increases oxygen consumption rate in L6 rat myoblast cells with an EC50value of 4.3 μM. SHS4121705 (25 mg/kg per day in the diet) reduces hepatic steatosis, liver triglyceride levels, and plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels in Stelic animal model (STAM) mice, a model of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). 1.Salamoun, J.M., Garcia, C.J., Hargett, S.R., et al.6-Amino[1,2,5]oxadiazolo[3,4-b]pyrazin-5-ol derivatives as efficacious mitochondrial uncouplers in STAM mouse model of nonalcoholic steatohepatitisJ. Med. Chem.63(11)6203-6224(2020)

HSD17B13-IN-54 (Compound 158) functions as an inhibitor targeting hydroxysteroid 17β-dehydrogenase 13 (HSD17B13), exhibiting an IC 50 value of ≤ 0.1 μM against estradiol. This compound holds potential for applications in the study of various liver, metabolic, and cardiovascular diseases, including NAFLD and NASH, as well as drug-induced liver injury (DILI) [1].

HSD17B13-IN-53 (Compound 88) serves as an inhibitor targeting hydroxysteroid 17β-dehydrogenase 13 (HSD17B13), demonstrating an IC 50 of ≤ 0.1 μM against estradiol. This compound is utilized in the study of liver, metabolic, and cardiovascular diseases, including NAFLD and NASH, besides its application in drug-induced liver injury (DILI) [1].

HSD17B13-IN-31 (compound 32) serves as a highly effective inhibitor of hydroxysteroid 17?-dehydrogenase 13 (HSD17B13), demonstrating an IC50 of less than 0.1 μM and less than 1 μM when using estradiol and Leukotriene B3 as substrates, respectively. This compound is critical in managing nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases (NAFLDs), including nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) [1].

Compound 188 (HSD17B13-IN-86) serves as an inhibitor targeting hydroxysteroid 17β-dehydrogenase 13 (HSD17B13), demonstrating potency with an IC50 value of ≤ 0.1 μM against estradiol. This compound is applicable in the study of various conditions including liver, metabolic, and cardiovascular diseases, specifically NAFLD, NASH, and drug-induced liver injury (DILI) [1].

HSD17B13-IN-51 (Compound 82), an inhibitor targeting hydroxysteroid 17β-dehydrogenase 13 (HSD17B13), exhibits potent activity with an IC50 value of ≤ 0.1 μM against estradiol. This compound is useful in researching various conditions including liver, metabolic, and cardiovascular diseases—specifically NAFLD, NASH, and drug-induced liver injury (DILI) [1].

HSD17B13-IN-64 (Compound 143), an inhibitor of hydroxysteroid 17β-dehydrogenase 13 (HSD17B13), exhibits a potent IC50 value of ≤ 0.1 μM against estradiol. This compound has applications in the study of various diseases, including liver conditions like NAFLD and NASH, metabolic and cardiovascular disorders, as well as drug-induced liver injury (DILI) [1].

Pegozafermin, a fibroblast growth factor FGF21 analog, is an endogenous metabolic hormone that regulates energy expenditure and glucose and lipid metabolism. It reduces triglyceride (TG) levels and is used for non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and severe hypertriglyceridemia (SHTG) [1] [2].

HSD17B13-IN-103 (Compound 44) serves as an inhibitor of HSD17B13. It is utilized in research related to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH).

MGAT2-IN-4 (compound 33) is a monoacylglycerol acyltransferase 2 (MGAT2) inhibitor with liver metabolic stability, applicable in obesity, diabetes, and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) research [1].