acidic

Influenza A H1N1 (strain A USA:Huston AA 1945) Polymerase acidic Protein (His) is expressed in yeast with N-6xHis tag. The predicted molecular weight is 26.6 kDa and the accession number is A4U6V9.

Influenza A H3N2 (strain A X-31) Polymerase acidic Protein (His) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-6xHis tag. The predicted molecular weight is 18.6 kDa and the accession number is Q9IQ47.

NAALADL1 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 80 kDa and the accession number is Q9UQQ1-1.

SPARC Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 34 kDa and the accession number is P09486.

NAALADL1 Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (His) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 80 kDa and the accession number is Q7M758.

SPARC Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (His) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 34 kDa and the accession number is P07214.

FGF-1 Protein, Mouse, Rat, Recombinant is expressed in E. coli expression system. The predicted molecular weight is 16 kDa and the accession number is P61148.

Dentin matrix acidic phosphoprotein (DMP1) is an extracellular matrix protein and a member of the small integrin binding ligand N-linked glycoprotein family. This protein, which is critical for proper mineralization of bone and dentin, is present in diverse cells of bone and tooth tissues. DMP1 contains a large number of acidic domains, multiple phosphorylation sites, a functional arg-gly-asp cell attachment sequence, and a DNA binding domain. In undifferentiated osteoblasts it is primarily a nuclear protein that regulates the expression of osteoblast-specific genes. During osteoblast maturation, DMP1 becomes phosphorylated and is exported to the extracellular matrix, where it orchestrates mineralized matrix formation. Mutations in DMP1 are known to cause autosomal recessive hypophosphatemia, a disease that manifests as rickets and osteomalacia. DMP1 may have a dual function during osteoblast differentiation. In the nucleus of undifferentiated osteoblasts, unphosphorylated form acts as a transcriptional component for activation of osteoblast-specific genes like osteocalcin. During the osteoblast to osteocyte transition phase it is phosphorylated and exported into the extracellular matrix, where it regulates nucleation of hydroxyapatite.

PRAP1 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 16.4 kDa and the accession number is AAL16670.1.

acidic leucine-rich nuclear phosphoprotein 32 family member A, also known as acidic nuclear phosphoprotein pp32, Leucine-rich acidic nuclear protein, Mapmodulin, Potent heat-stable protein phosphatase 2A inhibitor I1PP2A, Putative HLA-DR-associated protein I, PHAPI and ANP32A, is a nucleus, cytoplasm and endoplasmic reticulum. ANP32A LANP is expressed in all tissues tested. It is highly expressed in kidney and skeletal muscle, moderate levels of expression is in brain, placenta and pancreas. ANP32A LANP is weakly expressed in lung. It is found in all regions of the brain examined (amygdala, caudate nucleus, corpus callosum, hippocampus and thalamus), with highest levels in amygdala. ANP32A LANP is a component of the SET complex, which also contains SET, APEX1, HMGB2 and NME1. It directly interacts with SET. ANP32A LANP also interacts with ATXN1 SCA1. ANP32A LANP is implicated in a number of cellular processes, including proliferation, differentiation, caspase-dependent and caspase-independent apoptosis, suppression of transformation (tumor suppressor), inhibition of protein phosphatase 2A, regulation of mRNA trafficking and stability in association with ELAVL1, and inhibition of acetyltransferases as part of the INHAT (inhibitor of histone acetyltransferases) complex. ANP32A LANP plays a role in E4F1-mediated transcriptional repression.

GFAP Protein, Danio rerio, Recombinant (His & Myc & SUMO) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-10xHis-SUMO and C-Myc tag. The predicted molecular weight is 71.2 kDa and the accession number is Q58EE9.

GFAP, a class-III intermediate filament, is a cell-specific marker that, during the development of the central nervous system, distinguishes astrocytes from other glial cells.

Acidic mammalian chitinase (AMCase) and chitotriosidase (CHIT-1) are two active chitinases expressed in humans. The chitinase activity of AMCase was found to be causative in allergic inflammation and its expression was found to be induced by interleukin-13. CHIT1-1 is expressed by phagocytic cells and extremely high levels are seen in lysosomal storage diseases. The expression of AMCase and CHIT-1 were differently modulated in HMMs at different stage of maturation.

Dermatopontin, also known as Tyrosine-rich acidic matrix protein, TRAMP and DPT, is a secreted protein which belongs to the dermatopontin family. DPT is expressed in various tissues, such as fibroblasts, heart, skeletal muscle, brain and pancreas. It seems to mediate adhesion by cell surface integrin binding. DPT may serve as a communication link between the dermal fibroblast cell surface and its extracellular matrix environment. DPT can enhance TGFB1 activity through interaction with decorin. In addition, DPT accelerates collagen fibril formation, stabilizes collagen fibrils against low-temperature dissociation and inhibits cell proliferation.

GFAP, a class-III intermediate filament, is a cell-specific marker that, during the development of the central nervous system, distinguishes astrocytes from other glial cells.

FGF-1 Protein, Human, Recombinant is expressed in E. coli expression system. The predicted molecular weight is 16 kDa and the accession number is P05230-1.

PRAP1 Protein, Human, Recombinant (mFc) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with mFc tag. The predicted molecular weight is 41.4 kDa and the accession number is AAL16670.1.

May be catalytically inactive.

Acidic mammalian chitinase (AMCase) and chitotriosidase (CHIT-1) are two active chitinases expressed in humans. The chitinase activity of AMCase was found to be causative in allergic inflammation and its expression was found to be induced by interleukin-13. CHIT1-1 is expressed by phagocytic cells and extremely high levels are seen in lysosomal storage diseases. Despite that AMCase expression in the inflammation is under investigation, little is known regarding its regulation during macrophages' full maturation and polarization.

Ribosomal protein P0 is the functional equivalent of E.coli protein L10. RPLP0 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His & SUMO) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-6xHis-SUMO tag. The predicted molecular weight is 50.3 kDa and the accession number is P05388.

SPARC Protein, Rat, Recombinant (His) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 33.8 kDa.

FGF-1 Protein, Canine, Recombinant is expressed in E. coli expression system. The predicted molecular weight is 16 kDa and the accession number is A0A8C0QGP1.

Acidic Fibroblast Growth Factor Intracellular-Binding Protein (FIBP) is highly expressed in the heart, skeletal muscle, and pancreas. Acidic Fibroblast Growth Factor is a member of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family. FGF family members possess broad mitogenic and cell survival activities, and are involved in a variety of biological processes, including embryonic development, cell growth, morphogenesis, tissue repair, tumor growth and invasion. FIBP is an intracellular protein that binds selectively to acidic fibroblast growth factor (aFGF). It is postulated that FIBP may be involved in the mitogenic action of aFGF.

Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP) is an intermediate filament (IF) protein which belongs to the intermediate filament family. GFAP is expressed in numerous cell types of the central nervous system (CNS), ependymal cells and phosphorylated by PKN1. GFAP, a class-III intermediate filament, is a cell-specific marker during the development of the central nervous system and distinguishes astrocytes from other glial cells. It is closely related to its non-epithelial family members, vimentin, desmin, and peripherin, which are all involved in the structure and function of the cell’s cytoskeleton. GFAP is thought to help to maintain astrocyte mechanical strength, as well as the shape of cells but its exact function remains poorly understood.

Could participate in the normal pathway of protein export. MsyB Protein, E. coli, Recombinant (His) is expressed in Baculovirus insect cells with C-6xHis tag. The predicted molecular weight is 16.3 kDa and the accession number is P25738.

FGF-1 Protein, Cynomolgus, Recombinant is expressed in E. coli expression system. The predicted molecular weight is 16 kDa.

Ribosomal protein P0 is the functional equivalent of E.coli protein L10. RPLP0 Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (His & Myc & SUMO) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-10XHis-SUMO and C-Myc tag. The predicted molecular weight is 54.2 kDa and the accession number is P14869.

Dermatopontin is a widely expressed noncollagenous protein component of the extracellular matrix. It is a 22 kDa molecule that is tyrosine sulfated but not glycosylated. Dermatopontin is down regulated in fibrotic growths such as leiomyoma and scar tissue, inhibits cell proliferation, accelerates collagen fibril formation, and stabilizes collagen fibrils against low-temperature dissociation, Dermatopontin deficient mice exhibit altered collagen matrix deposition and organization. Dermatopontin seems to mediate adhesion by cell surface integrin binding, may serve as a communication link between the dermal fibroblast cell surface and its extracellular matrix environment, and enhances TGFB1 activity (By similarity). Dermatopontin promotes bone mineralization under the control of the vitamin D receptor and inhibits BMP-2 effects on osteoblast precursors.

Attaches the virus to host cellular receptor, inducing endocytosis of the virion. In the endosome, the acidic pH induces conformational changes in the glycoprotein trimer, which trigger fusion between virus and cell membrane. There is convincing in vitro evidence that the muscular form of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR), the neuronal cell adhesion molecule (NCAM), and the p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) bind glycoprotein and thereby facilitate rabies virus entry into cells. Rabies virus (RABV) (strain HEP-Flury) Glycoprotein (His) is expressed in Baculovirus insect cells with C-9xHis tag. The predicted molecular weight is 51.5 kDa and the accession number is P19462.

Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor (CNTF) is a potent survival factor for neurons and oligodendrocytes. CNTF has also been shown to prevent the degeneration of motor axons after axotomy. CNTF is highly conserved across species and exhibits cross-species activities. Human and rat CNTF share approximately 83% homology in their protein sequence. CNTF is structurally related to IL6, IL11, LIF and OSM. All of these four helix bundle cytokines share gp130 as a signal transducing subunit in their receptor complexes. CNTF, like FGF acidic, FGF basic, and PD-ECGF (platelet-derived endothelial cell growth factor), does not possess a signal sequence that would allow secretion of the factor by classical secretion pathways. The mechanism underlying the release of CNTF is unknown.

It protects esophageal epithelia from hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress. It suppresses acidic bile acid-induced reactive oxigen species (ROS) and protects against oxidative DNA damage and double-strand breaks. GPX7 Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (His & Myc) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-10xHis and C-Myc tag. The predicted molecular weight is 26.7 kDa and the accession number is Q99LJ6.

Responsible for the biosynthesis of pyroglutamyl peptides. Has a bias against acidic and tryptophan residues adjacent to the N-terminal glutaminyl residue and a lack of importance of chain length after the second residue. QPCT Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (His & Myc) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with N-6xHis-Myc tag. The predicted molecular weight is 41.6 kDa and the accession number is Q9CYK2.

Converts glutamate to gamma-aminobutyrate (GABA), consuming one intracellular proton in the reaction. The gad system helps to maintain a near-neutral intracellular pH when cells are exposed to extremely acidic conditions. The ability to survive transit through the acidic conditions of the stomach is essential for successful colonization of the mammalian host by commensal and pathogenic bacteria.

Attaches the virus to host cellular receptor, inducing endocytosis of the virion. In the endosome, the acidic pH induces conformational changes in the glycoprotein trimer, which trigger fusion between virus and cell membrane. There is convincing in vitro evidence that the muscular form of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR), the neuronal cell adhesion molecule (NCAM), and the p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) bind glycoprotein and thereby facilitate rabies virus entry into cells. Rabies virus (RABV) (strain CVS-11) Glycoprotein (His & Myc & SUMO) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-10xHis-SUMO and C-Myc tag. The predicted molecular weight is 69.7 kDa and the accession number is O92284.

Osteonectin, also known as SPOCK1, is an extracellular heparan chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan. Members of this family are known as testicans, also called SPOCKs. They are characterized structurally by an N-terminal testican-specific domain, a follistatin-like region, a calcium-binding domain, a thyroglobulin-like domain, and an acidic C-terminal domain with two putative glycosaminoglycan attachment sites. SPOCKs are enriched in brain and have been shown to regulate neuronal attachment and outgrowth. They contain inhibitory regions in several domains targeted to different classes of protease, and in some cases may act as protease inhibitors. Osteonectin contains 1 Kazal-like domain and 1 thyroglobulin type-1 domain. Up to now, little is known about osteonectin’s function. It may play a role in cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. Osteonectin also may contribute to various neuronal mechanisms in the central nervous system.

Serum amyloid A-2 protein (SAA2) belongs to the SAA family. It expressed by the liver and secreted in plasma. SAA2 functions as major acute phase reactant and could works as apolipoprotein of the HDL complex. Increased levels of A-SAA in serum are indicative of inflammatory disease. When highly expressed, SAA can displace ApoA1 as the major apolipoprotein in HDL complexes, weakening the function of HDL as a reverse (lipid clearing) cholesterol transporter. A highly charged region of SAA2 and SAA1 (aa 36-68) contains putative fibronectin- and laminin-binding motifs. This region also binds heparin sulfate proteoglycans at mildly acidic pH and promotes aggregation of A-SAA.

Cathepsin L is an enzyme. Cathepsin L, a lysosomal endopeptidase expressed in most eukaryotic cells, is a member of the papain-like family of cysteine proteinases. Cathepsin L plays a major role in antigen processing, tumor invasion and metastasis, bone resorption, and turnover of intracellular and secreted proteins involved in growth regulation. Unlike the precursor forms of other papain family members, the 43 kDa pro-cathepsin L itself is secreted from various cells. Pro-cathepsin L is the major excreted protein of malignantly transformed mouse fibroblasts and is also one of the major acidic cysteine proteases in mammalian cells.

Telomeric repeat binding factor 1 (TRF1), also known as TERF1, the shelterin complex, which modulates the telomere structures. TRF1 protein structure contains a C-terminal Myb motif, a dimerization domain near its N-terminus and an acidic N-terminus. Pin2 TRF1 was originally identified as a protein bound to telomeric DNA (TRF1) and as a protein involved in mitotic regulation (Pin2). Pin2 TRF1 negatively regulates telomere length and importantly, its function is tightly regulated during the cell cycle, acting as an important regulator of mitosis. TRF1 can be bound and modulated by two nucleolar GTP-binding proteins, nucleostemin (NS) and guanine nucleotide binding protein-like 3-like (GNL3L), which exhibit apparently opposite effects on the protein degradation of TRF1. TRF1 TERF1 may has associated with cancer. TRF1 may play a significant role in cell differentiation in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The expression level of TRF1 protein is significantly reduced in kidney cancer and the level is negatively correlated with malignant degree of the cancer. TRF1 expression in malignant gliomas cells, may play a role in the malignant progression of astroglial brain tumors.

Testatin is a member of the Cystatin family. Cystatins comprise genes that all show expression patterns that are strikingly restricted to reproductive tissue. Cystatins are a family of cysteine protease inhibitors with homology to chicken cystatin. There are typically about 115 amino acids in this family. They are largely acidic, contain four conserved cysteine residues known to form two disulfide bonds, may be glycosylated and or phosphorylated, with similarity to fetuins, kininogens, stefins, histidine-rich glycoproteins and cystatin-related proteins. Testatin shows homology to family 2 cystatins, a group of broadly expressed small secretory proteins that are inhibitors of cysteine proteases in vitro but whose in vivo functions are unclear. It is expressed in germ cells and somatic cells in reproductive tissues. Testatin is considered a strong candidate for involvement in early testis development. Testatin expression is maintained in the adult Sertoli cell, and it can also be found in a small population of germ cells.

Casein kinase I isoform alpha, also known as CKI-alpha, CK1 and CSNK1A1, is a cytoplasm protein which belongs to theprotein kinase superfamily, CK1 Ser Thr protein kinase family and casein kinase I subfamily. Casein kinases are operationally defined by their preferential utilization of acidic proteins such as caseins as substrates. High expression of CSNK2A1, or concomitantly high expression of CSNK2A1, are independent prognostic factors of poor survival in NSCLC patients. CSNK2A1 are useful prognosis markers in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients after complete resection, independent of lymph node metastasis status. CSNK1A1 can phosphorylate a large number of proteins. It participates in Wnt signaling. It phosphorylates CTNNB1 at 'Ser-45'. CSNK1A1 may play a role in segregating chromosomes during mitosis.

Protein-tyrosine sulfotransferase 1, also known as Tyrosylprotein sulfotransferase 1 and TPST1, is a single-pass type II membrane protein that belongs to the protein sulfotransferase family. Tyrosine O-sulfation is a common posttranslational modification of proteins in all multicellular organisms. This reaction is mediated by a Golgi enzyme activity called tyrosylprotein sulfotransferase (TPST) that catalyzes the transfer of sulfate from 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate to tyrosine residues within acidic motifs of polypeptides. Tyrosine O-sulfation has been shown to be important in protein-protein interactions in several systems. Tyrosine sulfation is mediated by one of two Golgi isoenzymes, called tyrosylprotein sulfotransferases (TPST-1 and TPST-2). A relatively small number of proteins are known to undergo tyrosine sulfation, including certain adhesion molecules, G-protein-coupled receptors, coagulation factors, serpins, extracellular matrix proteins, and hormones. TPST1 is a human tyrosylprotein sulfotransferase that uses 3'phosphoadenosine-5'phosphosulfate (PAPS) to transfer the sulfate moiety to proteins predominantly designated for secretion. TPST1 bears N-linked glycosyl residues exclusively at position Asn6 and Asn262. TPST1 and TPST2 have distinct biological roles that may reflect differences in their macromolecular substrate specificity.

Lysosomal Pro-X Carboxypeptidase (PRCP) belongs to the peptidase S28 family. PRCP is detected in many tissues, with highest levels observed in placenta, lung, and liver. It is also present in the heart, brain, pancreas, and kidney. PRCP exists as a homodimer. PRCP cleaves C-terminal amino acids linked to proline in peptides such as angiotensin II, III and des-Arg9-bradykinin. This cleavage occurs at acidic pH, but enzymatic activity is retained with some substrates at neutral pH. PRCP has been shown to be an activator of the cell matrix-associated prekallikrein.

Attaches the virus to host cellular receptor, inducing endocytosis of the virion. In the endosome, the acidic pH induces conformational changes in the glycoprotein trimer, which trigger fusion between virus and cell membrane. There is convincing in vitro evidence that the muscular form of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR), the neuronal cell adhesion molecule (NCAM), and the p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) bind glycoprotein and thereby facilitate rabies virus entry into cells. Rabies virus (RABV) (strain HEP-Flury) Glycoprotein (E. coli, His) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-6xHis tag. The predicted molecular weight is 55.5 kDa and the accession number is P19462.

Attaches the virus to host cellular receptor, inducing endocytosis of the virion. In the endosome, the acidic pH induces conformational changes in the glycoprotein trimer, which trigger fusion between virus and cell membrane. There is convincing in vitro evidence that the muscular form of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR), the neuronal cell adhesion molecule (NCAM), and the p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) bind glycoprotein and thereby facilitate rabies virus entry into cells. Rabies virus (RABV) (strain India) Glycoprotein (His & SUMO) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-6xHis-SUMO tag. The predicted molecular weight is 65.4 kDa and the accession number is A3RM22.

FGF basic is one of 22 mitogenic proteins of the FGF family, which show 35-60% amino acid conservation. Unlike other FGFs, FGF acidic and basic lack signal peptides and are secreted by an alternate pathway. The 17 kDa mouse sequence has 98% aa identity with rat, and 95% identity with human, bovine, and sheep FGF basic. Binding of FGF to heparin or cell surface HSPG is necessary for binding, dimerization and activation of tyrosine kinase FGF receptors. FGF basic binds other proteins, polysaccharides and lipids with lower affinity. Expression of FGF basic is nearly ubiquitous but disruption of the mouse FGF basic gene gives a relatively mild phenotype, suggesting compensation by other FGF family members. FGF basic modulates such normal processes as angiogenesis, wound healing and tissue repair, embryonic development and differentiation, neuronal function and neural degeneration. Transgenic overexpression of FGF basic results in excessive proliferation and angiogenesis is reminiscent of a variety of pathological conditions.

Binds vitamin B12 with femtomolar affinity and protects it from the acidic environment of the stomach.

Matrix extracellular phosphoglycoprotein (MEPE) is expressed in bone and teeth where it has multiple functions. The C-terminus of MEPE contains a mineral-binding, acidic serine- and aspartate-rich motif (ASARM) that is also present in other noncollagenous proteins of mineralized tissues.MEPE-derived ASARM peptides function in phosphate homeostasis and direct inhibition of bone mineralization in a phosphorylation-dependent manner.

Calcium sensor that participates in triggering neurotransmitter release at the synapse. May have a regulatory role in the membrane interactions during trafficking of synaptic vesicles at the active zone of the synapse. It binds acidic phospholipids with a specificity that requires the presence of both an acidic head group and a diacyl backbone. A Ca(2+)-dependent interaction between synaptotagmin and putative receptors for activated protein kinase C has also been reported. It can bind to at least three additional proteins in a Ca(2+)-independent manner; these are neurexins, syntaxin and AP2. Plays a role in dendrite formation by melanocytes.