akt in 2

AKT-IN-2 is a selective, and orally bioavailable AKT inhibitor (IC50: 5 nM for AKT1).

PI3K Akt mTOR-IN-2 is a potent PI3K AKT mTOR inhibitor with anticancer effects and selectivity for MDA-MB-231 cells (IC50 2.29 μM). It induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in cancer cells.

PI3K/AKT-IN-2, a dual inhibitor of PI3K and AKT, prevents the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and promotes apoptosis. Additionally, it impedes tubulin polymerization.

Akt-I-1,2 is a selective inhibitor of Akt1 and Akt2.

Akt1&PKA-IN-2 ((R)-29), a compound specific to PKB AKT and selective for cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2), effectively inhibits AKT1, PKAa, and CDK2a with IC50 values of 0.007 µM, 0.01 µM, and 0.69 µM, respectively.

Ethyl gallate (gallic acid ethyl ester) obviously decreases cell proliferation in MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner, exhibits cytotoxicity in a dose-dependent manner. Ethyl gallate can inhibit the abilities of invasion of breast cancer in vitro by inhibiting the mRNA levels of MMP-9/MMP-2, phosphorylation of Akt and protein expression of NF-κB and inhibits hydrogen peroxide signaling, may represent an alternative class of vasopressors for use in septic shock. Also, Ethyl gallate suppresses proliferation and invasion in human breast cancer cells by modulating the PI3K/Akt pathway, which may contribute to inhibiting their downstream targets such as NF-κB p-65, Bcl-2/Bax, and mRNA levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in breast cancer cells, could be used as potential antioxidants with safe therapeutic application in cancer chemotherapy.

Beta-Sitosterol (SKF 14463) has recently been shown to induce G2 M arrest, endoreduplication, and apoptosis through the Bcl-2 and PI3K Akt signaling pathways. Beta-Sitosterol (SKF 14463) , a main dietary phytosterol found in plants, may have the potential for prevention and therapy for human cancer. Although the exact mechanism of action of Beta-Sitosterol (SKF 14463) is unknown, it may be related to cholesterol metabolism or anti-inflammatory effects (via interference with prostaglandin metabolism). Beta-Sitosterol (SKF 14463) induces apoptosis and activates key caspases in MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells.

5,6-Benzoflavone (β-Naphthoflavone) is an exogenous ligand for the aryl hydrocarbon receptor, which disrupts zinc homeostasis in human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells. 5,6-Benzoflavone (β-Naphthoflavone) possesses anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, inhibits LPS-induced inflammation through the AKT/Nrf-2/HO-1-NF-kappaB signaling axis, inhibits TNF-α-induced ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expression, which can be used to study neurodegenerative diseases.

6-Hydroxyflavone (6-HF) is a noncompetitive inhibitors of cytochrome P450 2C9. It is a flavone, a type of chemical compound. It is reported in leaves of Barleria prionitis Linn. (a common Acanthaceae from India). 6-Hydroxyflavone may have a potential as a therapeutic drug capable for the treatment of anxiety-like disorders.

A-674563 is an orally available, ATP-competitive, and reversible inhibitor of Akt (Ki: 11 nM for Akt1) [1]. It exhibits inhibitory activity against PKA and Cdk2 (IC50: 16 46 nM) but is 10- to >1, 800-fold selective for Akt1 versus additional kinases in th

ethyl 2-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxylate is a synthetic compound belonging to the curcumin family. It is involved in the regulation of immune response and inflammation through inhibition of the NF-κB signaling pathway, in the regulation of antioxidant response through activation of the Nrf2 signaling pathway, and in the regulation of cell survival and proliferation through inhibition of the Akt signaling pathway.

6'-GNTI dihydrochloride is a κ-opioid receptor (KOR) agonist that favors activation of G-protein-mediated signaling over recruitment of β-aspirin 2. 6'-GNTI dihydrochloride only activates the Akt pathway in striatal neurons.

ZINC00640089 is a selective lipid carrier protein-2 (LCN2) inhibitor. ZINC00640089 inhibited cell proliferation and cell viability, and reduced AKT phosphorylation in SUM149 cells. ZINC00640089 can be used to study inflammatory breast cancer (IBC).

Polygalasaponin F has anti-neuroinflammatory activity, can inhibit the release of inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and NO induced by lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and reduce the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthases. Polygalasaponin F can significantly i

1. Chelidonine (Stylophorin) isolated from Chelidonium majus efficiently induced apoptosis in HeLa cells through possible alteration of p38-p53 and AKT/PI3 kinase signalling pathways. 2. Chelidonine is a promising model compound for overcoming MDR and for enhancing cytotoxicity of chemotherapeutics, especially against leukaemia cells, its efficacy needs to be confirmed in animal models. 3. Chelidonine may be a potential therapeutic agent against metastasis of invasive human cancer cells, exhibits antimigratory and antiinvasive effects in MDA-MB-231 cells, by suppressing COL-induced integrin signaling, through inhibiting the formation of the IPP complex and subsequent downregulation of IPP downstream signaling molecules, such as Akt and ERK1/2.

1. Linarin (Acacetin-7-O-rutinoside) (acacetin-7-O-β-d-rutinoside) shows selective dose dependent inhibitory effect on acetylcholinesterase. 2. Linarin alleviates GalN/LPS-induced liver injury by suppressing TNF-α-mediated apoptotic pathways. 3. Linarin prevents A beta-induced neurotoxicity through the activation of PI3K/Akt, which subsequently inhibits GSK-3b and up-regulates Bcl-2. 4. The piperine significantly enhanced the oral absorption of Linarin in rats by inhibiting P-glycoprotein mediated cellular efflux during the intestinal absorption and likely simultaneously by inhibiting the metabolism of Linarin.

1. Glaucocalyxin A (Leukamenin F)-SBE-β-CD could be useful with a better solubility and sustained function in drug delivery. 2. Glaucocalyxin A activates caspase-3, decreases BAD phosphorylation, and reduces the expression of X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein. 3. Glaucocalyxin A inhibits Akt phosphorylation, suppresses proliferation, and promotes apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner, but not in normal glial cells. 4. Glaucocalyxin A inhibits collagen-stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation of Syk, LAT, and phospholipase Cγ2, the signaling events in collagen receptor GPⅥ pathway. 5. Glaucocalyxin A could potentially be developed as an antiplatelet and antithrombotic agent, can inhibit platelet p-selectin secretion and integrin activation by convulxin, is a GPVI selective ligand.

Calycosin (Cyclosin) acts as a selective estrogen receptor modulator. Calycosin induces apoptosis in human ovarian cancer SKOV3 cells by activating caspases and Bcl-2 family proteins. Calycosin suppresses breast cancer cell growth via ERβ-dependent regulation of IGF-1R, p38 MAPK and PI3K/Akt pathways. Calycosin has antineoplastic effects against osteosarcoma through inducing apoptosis showing in vitro and in vivo investigations. Calycosin was shown to induce angiogenesis in human umbilical vein endothelial cell cultures (HUVEC) in vitro. Calycosin may be an effective skin-lightening agent that regulates the expression of melanogenic enzymes. Calycosin exhibited tyrosinase inhibitory activity with an IC(50) value of 38.4 microM.

Polyphyllin D induces apoptosis via the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway as evidenced by decreased Bcl-2 expression levels, disruption of MMP and increased Bax, cytochrome C, and cleaved-caspase-3 levels. Polyphyllin D has an anti-angiogenic effect. Polyphyllin D has toxicity in human RBCs as well as its underlying mechanism for the hemolysis and eryptosis/erythroptosis. Polyphyllin D has strong anticancer activity, can overcome drug resistance in R-HepG2 cells and elicit programmed cell death via mitochondrial dysfunction.

1. ISOGINKGETIN (4',4'''-Dimethylamentoflavone), a compound derived from the leaves of Ginkgo biloba, to up-regulate adiponectin secretion with potency comparable to that of rosiglitazone, a known modulator of adiponectin production. 2. Isoginkgetin has anti-tumor activity, the mechanistic basis is splicing inhibition , thus, pre-mRNA splicing inhibitors may represent a novel avenue for development of new anti-cancer agents.3. Isoginkgetin can inhibit tumor cell invasion by regulating phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt-dependent matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression. 4. Isoginkgetin (0.3mg/kg ip for 3d) can reduce the level of O2·- in plasma and erythroeyte and sometimes increase the activity of SOD in anoxic rats, the action being stronger than aspirin.

1. Oroxylin A (Baicalein 6-methyl ether) has various anti-tumor effects including apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, drug-resistant reversion. 2. Oroxylin A possesses abilities of inhibiting the ATRA-induced IL-6 production via modulation of LAP/LIP/CHOP in leukemia cell lines, which could providing a therapeutic strategy for RAS. 3. Oroxylin A inhibits UCP2s triggers the MPTP opening, and promotes the apoptosis in CaCo-2 cells; uncoupling protein 2 plays a key role in mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. 4. Oroxylin A inhibits N1ICD translocating to the nucleus and binding to epithelial-mesenchymal transition-related transcription factor Snail, thus suppressing the invasion and migration of MCF-7 cells. 5. Oroxylin A improves the sensitivity of K562/ADM cells by increasing apoptosis in leukemic cells and decreasing the expression of CXCR4 and PI3K/Akt/NF-κB pathway, and probably served as a most promising agent for CML treatment.

1. 6-Shogaol (6-Shogaol) has antipyretic and analgesic effects in addition to inhibitory effect on lipoxygenase activity. 2. 6-shogaol has anti-inflammatory property, reduces the inflammatory response and protected the femoral cartilage from damage produced in a CFA monoarthritic model of the knee joint of rats. 3. 6-Shogaol inhibits the growth of human cancer cells and induces apoptosis in COLO 25 cells through modulation of mitochondrial functions regulated by reactive oxygen species (ROS). 4. 6-Shogaol effectively inhibit invasion and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma through diverse molecular mechanisms, including inhibition of the MAPK and PI3k/Akt pathways and NF-κB and STAT3 activities to suppress expression of MMP-2/-9 and uPA and block angiogenesis, could further regulate urokinase-type plasminogen activity.

AMG 511 is a potent and orally available pan inhibitor of class I PI3Ks (Kis of 4 nM, 6 nM, 2 nM, and 1 nM for PI3Kα, β, δ, and γ, respectively), exhibiting anti-tumor activity in a mouse glioblastoma xenograft model[1]. AMG 511 significantly suppresses PI3K signaling as indicated by a decrease in p-Akt (Ser473).

CAY10404 (3-(4-METHYLSULPHONYLPHENYL)-4-PHENYL-5-T) is a potent and highly selective inhibitor of COX-2 and COX-1. It is also a potent inhibitor of PKB Akt and MAPK signalling pathways and induces apoptosis in NSC-LC cells, with analgesic, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer activities.

1. Geraniin has a protective effect against OVX-induced rat osteoporosis. 2. Geraniin has cytotoxic activity towards cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. 3. Geraniin exerts inhibitory effects on osteoclast differentiation in vitro and suppresses Ti particle

1. Periplocin (Periplocoside) has anti-cancer effects on lung cancer cells, induces apoptosis and inhibits growth of cancer cells by the beta-catenin/Tcf signaling pathway. 2. Periplocin is used for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, reinforcement of bones and tendons, palpitations or shortness of breath and lower extremity edema in traditional medicine.

1. Fargesin ((+/-)-Fargesin) as a potential β1AR antagonist through cAMP/PKA pathway could protect against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats. 2. Fargesin improves dyslipidemia and hyperglycemia by activating Akt and AMPK in WAT.

1. Crebanine iv 5mg/kg can eonvert BaCl_2-induced arrhythmia into sinus rhythm in rats, and can significantly increase the tolerant dose of aconitine to produce ventrieular fibrillation(VF) and cardiac arrest (CA) in rata. 2. Crebanine can also decrease t

Ruboxistaurin mesylate monohydrate is a PKC beta inhibitor potentially for the treatment of diabetic nephropathy and diabetic macular edema. Ruboxistaurin attenuates diabetic nephropathy via modulation of TGF-β1/Smad and GRAP pathways. Ruboxistaurin reduces oxidative stress and attenuates left ventricular hypertrophy and dysfunction in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Ruboxistaurin inhibits retinal neovascularization via suppression of phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and Akt.

Monascuspiloin is a fungal metabolite that has been found inM. pilosusM93-fermented rice.1It induces endoplasmic reticulum stress and autophagy in PC3 prostate cancer cells. Monascuspiloin (15-45 μM) decreases viability of PC3 cells and has an additive effect on the reduction in viability of PC3 cells induced by irradiation when used at a concentration of 25 μM. It induces intratumor apoptosis and autophagy and reduces tumor growth in a PC3 mouse xenograft model when administered at doses of 40 and 120 mg/kg.2 1.Chiu, H.-W., Fang, W.-H., Chen, Y.-L., et al.Monascuspiloin enhances the radiation sensitivity of human prostate cancer cells by stimulating endoplasmic reticulum stress and inducing autophagyPLoS One7(7)e40462(2012) 2.Chen, R.-J., Hung, C.-M., Chen, Y.-L., et al.Monascuspiloin induces apoptosis and autophagic cell death in human prostate cancer cells via the Akt and AMPK signaling pathwaysJ. Agric. Food Chem.60(29)7185-7193(2012)

1-O-Octadecyl-2-O-methyl-sn-glycerol is a metabolite of a phosphotidylinositol ether lipid analog (PIA). PIAs are known to target the pleckstrin homology domain of the serine/threonine kinase Akt and to induce apoptosis in cancer cell lines with high levels of endogenous Akt activity.

YF704 (compound 4w), a selective allosteric inhibitor of SHP2, exhibits antiproliferative effects and induces apoptosis in cancer cells with an IC50 of 0.25 μM. Furthermore, it downregulates Erk1/2 and Akt phosphorylation levels in cancer cells [1].

22-(4′-py)-JA, a semisynthetic derivative of junamycin A isolated from the Thai blue sponge (Xestospongia sp.), exhibits antimetastatic properties by inhibiting the AKT/mTOR/p70S6K signaling pathway. It also impedes tumor cell invasion and angiogenesis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC), while suppressing the expression of metalloproteinases (MMP-2 and MMP-9), hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Its potent anticancer activity is particularly noted against non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) [1].

Ruboxistaurin is a PKC beta inhibitor. Ruboxistaurin reduces oxidative stress and attenuates left ventricular hypertrophy and dysfunction in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Ruboxistaurin attenuates diabetic nephropathy via modulation of TGF-β1/

MRK003 is a γ-secretase inhibitor exhibits promising in vitro pre-clinical activity in multiple myeloma and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. MRK003 treatment induced caspase-dependent apoptosis and inhibited proliferation of MM and NHL cell lines and patient cells. Examination of signaling events after treatment showed time-dependent decrease in levels of the notch intracellular domain, Hes1 and c-Myc. MRK003 downregulated cyclin D1, Bcl-Xl and Xiap levels in NHL cells and p21, Bcl-2 and Bcl-Xl in MM cells. In addition, MRK003 caused an upregulation of pAkt, indicating crosstalk with the PI3K/Akt pathway.

MK-2206 free base is a potent, selective, and orally administered allosteric Akt inhibitor with IC50 values of 8, 12, and 65 nM for Akt1, Akt2, and Akt3, respectively. It demonstrates sensitivity in various breast cancer cell lines, including those with PIK3CA mutations and PTEN loss, indicating its potential for anticancer activities [1] [2].

ExcisaninA may be a potent inhibitor of AKT signaling pathway in tumor cells, it can inhibit invasion by suppressing MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression, it may be a potential anti-metastatic chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of breast cancer. Excisanin A shows comparable inhibitory effects on the LPS-induced production of NO and PGE2, and activation of NF-kappaB without affecting cell viability.Excisanin A induces apoptosis in colon cancer cell line SW620 as determined by Annexin V staining, the cleavage of caspase-3 and the proteolytic degradation of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP).

2-(Cyclohexylmethyl)-Plumbagin, a naphthoquinone derivative, exhibits selective cytotoxicity towards PANC-1 human pancreatic cancer cells under nutrient-deprived conditions—a situation akin to the pancreatic cancer tumor microenvironment—over those in nutrient-rich settings, with PC50 values of 0.11 and 47.2 µM, respectively. At a 1 µM concentration, it triggers apoptosis in PANC-1 cells. Furthermore, this compound specifically inhibits the phosphorylation of Akt and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) in PANC-1 cells under nutrient scarcity. In a MiaPaCa-2 pancreatic cancer mouse xenograft model, it significantly reduces tumor volume and weight when administered at 50 and 250 µg/animal dosages five times weekly.

Dehydroglyasperin C is a potent NAD(P)H:oxidoquinone reductase (NQO1) and phase 2 enzyme inducer. Dehydroglyasperin C possesses potent antioxidant, cancer chemopreventive, and neuroprotective activities, it has protective effects against chronic diseases

N-Stearoylsphingosine (Cer(d18:1/18:0)) is an amide compound widely found in eukaryotic organisms that enhances protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) activity by interfering with the binding of PP2A to PP2A inhibitor 2, leading to dephosphorylation of Akt.N-Stearoylsphingosine is used in prostate cancer research.

CNBCA, a selective and potent competitive inhibitor of the SHP2 enzyme, exhibits an IC50 value of 0.87 μM. It binds to the full-length SHP2, effectively inhibiting its enzyme activity, as well as impeding pAkt and pERK1/2. Furthermore, CNBCA suppresses the proliferation of BT474 and MDA-MB468 cells, indicating potential utility in breast cancer research [1].

Multi-kinase-IN-2 is an orally active inhibitor of angiokinases. multi-kinase-IN-2 significantly inhibits the activity of angiokinases such as VEGFR-1/2/3, PDGFRα/β, FGFR-1, LYN and c-KIT kinases. -IN-2 significantly attenuates phosphorylation of AKT and ERK proteins, induces apoptosis and has anticancer effects.

TBK1 IKKε-IN-4, a 6-aminopyrazolopyrimidine derivative, serves as a potent, selective inhibitor for TBK1 and IKKε, demonstrating IC50 values of 13 nM and 59 nM, respectively. This compound exhibits significantly reduced activity, by 100- to 1000-fold, against other protein kinases, such as PDK1, PI3K family members, and mTOR[1].

JBJ-09-063 hydrochloride is an EGFR inhibitor selective for mutants, demonstrating IC50 values of 0.147 nM, 0.063 nM, 0.083 nM, and 0.396 nM against EGFR L858R, EGFR L858R/T790M, EGFR L858R/T790M/C797S, and EGFR L747S, respectively. It effectively inhibits EGFR, Akt, and ERK1/2 phosphorylation, showing efficacy in both EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI)-sensitive and -resistant models. This compound holds potential for research on EGFR-mutant lung cancer.

JBJ-09-063 TFA is a mutant-selective allosteric EGFR inhibitor with IC50 values of 0.147 nM for EGFR L858R, 0.063 nM for EGFR L858R T790M, 0.083 nM for EGFR L858R T790M C797S, and 0.396 nM for EGFR L747S mutations. It effectively reduces phosphorylation of EGFR, Akt, and ERK1 2, demonstrating efficacy in models both sensitive and resistant to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI). JBJ-09-063 TFA holds potential for research in EGFR-mutant lung cancer [1].

Aflatoxin B2-13C17(AFB2-13C17) is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of AFB2by GC- or LC-MS. AFB2is a mycotoxin that has been found inA. terricola.1It induces hepatic autophagy and apoptosis in broiler chickens when administered at doses of 0.2, 0.4, and 0.8 mg/kg.2AFB2(0.5 and 1 mg/animal) also induces parenchymal cell hyperplasia in rats.3 1.Moubasher, A.H., el-Kady, I.A., and Shoriet, A.Toxigenic Aspergilli isolated from different sources in EgyptAnn. Nutr. Aliment.31(4-6)607-615(1977) 2.Chen, B., Li, D., Li, M., et al.Induction of mitochondria-mediated apoptosis and PI3K/Akt/mTOR-mediated autophagy by aflatoxin B2 in hepatocytes of broilersOncotarget7(51)84989-84998(2016) 3.Wogan, G.N., Edwards, G.S., and Newberne, P.M.Structure-activity relationships in toxicity and carcinogenicity of aflatoxins and analogsCancer Res.31(12)1936-1942(1971)

PI3Kδ-IN-10 is a highly potent and orally active PI3Kδ inhibitor (IC50 = 2 nM) that robustly suppresses the downstream AKT pathway to induce subsequent apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma models.

1. Rhynchophylline (Mitrinermine) can protect against ischemic damage, probably via regulating the Akt/mTOR pathway. 2. Rhynchophylline can protect against glutamate-induced neuronal death, can inhibit MA impairment in cultured neurons in vitro. 3. Rhynchophylline and isorhynchophylline have a non-competitive antagonistic effect on the NMDA-type ionotropic glutamate receptors, suggest that these alkaloids exert their protective action against ischemia-induced neuronal damage by preventing NMDA, muscarinic M1, and 5-HT2 receptors-mediated neurotoxicity during ischemia.

PKC412(Midostaurin (PKC412); CGP41231; CGP41251) is a broad spectrum protein kinase inhibitor. Midostaurin inhibits protein kinase C alpha (PKCalpha), vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2), c-kit, platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) and FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) tyrosine kinases, which may result in disruption of the cell cycle, inhibition of proliferation, apoptosis, and inhibition of angiogenesis in susceptible tumors.

QLT0267 is an inhibitor targeting integrin-linked kinase (ILK; IC50= 26 nM), showing over 10-fold selectivity against cyclin-dependent kinases 1, 2, and 5 (Cdk1, Cdk2, and Cdk5), and over 1,000-fold selectivity against C-terminal Src kinase (CSK), DNA-PK, Pim-1, Akt, PKC, and casein kinase 2 (CK2) at a concentration of 10 mg/ml. This compound effectively inhibits the proliferation of NPA187 papillary thyroid cancer cells with an IC50 of approximately 3 µM and induces apoptosis in NPA187, DRO, and K4 cancer cell lines. In vivo studies reveal that QLT0267, administered at 100 mg/kg, significantly reduces tumor growth in a DRO mouse xenograft model and diminishes both tumor volume and intratumoral vascularization in a U87MG glioblastoma mouse xenograft model, showcasing its potential for therapeutic applications in cancer treatment.