anti-parasite

PHYTOL (trans-Phytol) , a diterpene alcohol from chlorophyll widely used as a food additive and in medicinal fields, shows antinociceptive and antioxidant activities as well as anti-inflammatory and antiallergic effects. It is a specific activator of PPARα.

Quinine dihydrochloride (Quinine bimuriate) is a primary alkaloid of various species of Cinchona (Rubiaceae). It is also an antimalarial and muscle relaxant (skeletal).

Nerolidol acetate is a natural sesquiterpene with anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and anti-insect activities. Nerolidol acetate can inhibit parasite activity and inhibit schistosomiasis, nematodes, malaria, etc. Nerolidol acetate protects cells from oxidative damage to lipids, proteins and DNA, and has a protective effect on mouse hippocampal nerve cells.

Hexylresorcinol (4-Hexylresorcinol) is a substituted dihydroxybenzene used topically as an antiseptic for the treatment of minor skin infections.

Cynaroside (Luteolin 7-O-Glucoside) is a flavone, a flavonoid-like chemical compound. It has an anti-oxidant effect, inhibiting lipid and protein oxidation.

1. Betulonic acid (Liquidambaric acid) amide stimulated the regenerative response in hepatocytes under conditions of combined toxic exposure and promoted recovery of their qualitative and quantitative characteristics, which was accompanied by a significant decrease in the severity of liver fibrosis and the absence of cirrhotic transformation of the liver. 2. Betulonic acid derivatives have a promising cytostatic activity in vitro and could be used as potential leads for the development of new type of anti-cancer agents. 3. Betulonic acid has antiholestatic effects in mice.

Avermectin B1 is served as anthelmintic and insecticide.

Vestitol is a phytoalexin with insect feeding-deterrent activity, it has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities, it can inhibit neutrophil migration at a dose of 10 mg/kg, and shows MICs ranging from 25-50 to 50-100 ug/mL and MBCs ranging from 25-50 to 50-100 ug/mL.Vestitol exerts a limited inhibitory effect on S. hermonthica germination, it can significantly inhibit seedling growth, it also contributes, at least in part, to the host's defence mechanism and acts as a chemical barrier against the intrusion of the parasite.

Warangalone is an anti-malarial compound that can inhibit the growth of both strains of parasite 3D7 (chloroquine-sensitive) and K1 (chloroquine-resistant) with IC50s of 4.8 μg/mL and 3.7 μg/mL, respectively.

Strictosamide possesses antibacterial and antiviral activities, it also may have important effects on inflammation and inflammatory pain.

2,6-Dimethoxyquinone is a plant derived liposuction inducing factor. It has antilipemic, anticancer, antibacterial, antimalarial and anti-inflammatory properties.

Niranthin is a potent anti-leishmanial agent, inhibits the relaxation activity of heterodimeric type IB topoisomerase of L. donovani and acts as a non-competitive inhibitor interacting with both subunits of the enzyme. Niranthin also exhibits anti-hepatitis B virus, antiinflammatory and antiallodynic actions.

1. Columbin has anti-inflammatory activity. 2. Columbin has chemopreventive ability against human colon cancer. 3. Columbin inhibits PLA2 hydrolysis of ghost RBC in a dose-dependent fashion.

Ascomycin (Immunomycin)(Immunomycin, FR-900520, FK520) is an ethyl analog of tacrolimus (FK506) with strong immunosuppressant properties.

Hederacolchiside A1 (Raddeanoside R13) shows anti-leishmanial activity, it exhibits a strong antiproliferative activity on all stages of development of the parasite by altering membrane integrity and potential. Hederacolchiside A1 shows antiproliferation activities in three cancer cell lines with the IC50 value of 2.4 uM, it exhibits a preferential cytotoxicity on a pigmented melanoma cell line. It suppresses proliferation of tumor cells by inducing apoptosis through modulating PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway.

Rapanone (2,5-Dihydroxy-3-tridecyl-[1,4]benzoquinone) is a natural benzoquinone that is a potent and selective inhibitor of human synovial PLA2.

Quinine is a natural cinchona alkaloid that has been used for centuries in the prevention and therapy of malaria. Quinine is also used for idiopathic muscle cramps. Quinine therapy has been associated with rare instances of hypersensitivity reactions which can be accompanied by hepatitis and mild jaundice.

Menthone has anti-inflammary activity,, it can suppress the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced proinflammatory cytokines, interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha),as well as nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kB).

Quinine hydrochloride dihydrate (Quinine HCl Dihydrate) is a white crystalline K+ channel blocker, used to treat malaria.

Tectol has anti-plasmodial activity, it as a moderately active growth inhibitor with an IC50 3.44±0.20μM. It exhibited significant activity against human leukemia cell lines HL60 and CEM. Tectol may cause itchy dermatitis, the dermatitis appeared on the n

α-Thujone is an inhibitor of ACh with an IC50 value of 24.7μM.