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N-Acetylcysteine amide is a thiol antioxidant and neuroprotective agent that can permeate cell membranes and the blood-brain barrier.

L-Cysteine hydrochloride hydrate (L-Cysteine hydrochloride monohydrate) is a conditionally essential amino acid, which acts as a precursor for biologically active molecules such as hydrogen sulphide (H2S), taurine and glutathione. L-Cysteine hydrochloride hydrate suppresses ghrelin and reduces appetite in rodents and humans.

L-Cystine dihydrochloride is an Nrf2 inducer with whitening and anti-dark spot effects.L-Cystine dihydrochloride has cytoprotective effects in cells, and is often added to various fungal cultures as a carbon source.

L-Cysteine (L-(+)-Cysteine) is a non-essential sulfur-containing amino acid in humans. L-Cysteine is important for protein synthesis, detoxification, and diverse metabolic functions. Found in beta-keratin, the main protein in nails, skin, and hair, L-Cysteine is important in collagen production, as well as skin elasticity and texture. Also required in the manufacture of amino acid taurine, L-Cysteine is a component of the antioxidant glutathione, and plays a role in the metabolism of essential biochemicals such as coenzyme A, heparin, and biotin.

L-Cystine (Cystine Acid) is not considered one of the 20 amino acids, L-Cystine (Cystine Acid) is a sulfur-containing derivative obtained from oxidation of cysteine amino acid thiol side chains. It functions as an antioxidant and protects tissues against radiation and pollution, slowing the aging process. It also aids protein synthesis. L-Cystine (Cystine Acid) is abundant in many proteins of skeletal tissues and skin, and found in insulin and digestive enzymes chromotrypsinogen A, papain, and trypsinogen.

Cysteinylglycine acetate (Cys-Gly Acetate) is an acetate salt of Cysteinylglycine. Cysteinylglycine is an endogenous metabolite. Cysteinylglycine is used in disease diagnosis.

L-Cysteine S-sulfate (S-Sulfo-L-cysteine) is an effective N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) glutamatergic receptors agonist. L-Cysteine S-sulfate is the substrate for cystine lyase [1].

S-Sulfo-L-cysteine sodium salt shows a weak affinity for mGluR1α and mGluR5a at high concentrations and has potential antioxidant activity.

Cysteine protease inhibitor 2 is a cysteine protease inhibitor. Cysteine protease inhibitor 2 inhibited DCT116 and PC3 cells with GI50 values of 6.5 μM and 4.4 μM, respectively.

Echinocystic acid (EA), a natural triterpone enriched in various herbs, shows a range of pharmacological activities including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects.

Acetylcysteine (NAC) is an N-acetyl derivative of cysteine, a ROS inhibitor and mucolytic agent. Acetylcysteine induces apoptosis, can be used to reduce mucus thickness, and has anti-influenza viral activity.

N-Acetyl-D-cysteine has antioxidant activities and scavenges ROS through the reaction with its thiol group.

S-allyl-L-cysteine (S-Allylcysteine), a natural constituent of fresh garlic, has antioxidant and anticancer properties in animals.

Cysteinyltyrosine is a dipeptide composed of cysteine and tyrosine. It is an incomplete breakdown product of protein digestion or protein catabolism.

S-(3-Carboxypropyl)-L-cysteine is a thioether derivative of L-cysteine.

Microcystin-WR, a hepatotoxic metabolite derived from cyanobacteria, has been demonstrated to induce hepatotoxicity in mice [1].

Cholecystokinin, a peptide hormone, functions as a hunger suppressant by inhibiting food intake and promoting the digestion of fat and protein, and is employed in gastrointestinal system research [1] [2] [3].

Folcysteine is a cysteine derivative with potential antitumor agent. It's a vitamin that used to synthesize DNA, conduct DNA repair and methylate DNA. It also acts as a cofactor in biological reactions involving folate.

S-Palmitoyl cysteine is an important dynamic post-translational modification of cysteine residues within proteins.

γ-L-Glutamyl-S-allyl-L-cysteine is an organosulfur compound naturally present in garlic [1].

Homocysteinylpropachlor is a bioactive chemical.

DL-Homocysteine thiolactone hydrochloride (DL-Homocysteinethiolactone hydrochloride) is a cysteine derivative that binds to and induces conformational changes in various plasma proteins, slowing coagulation and inducing oxidative stress. It decreases left ventricular systolic blood pressure and cardiac force and induces seizures in vivo.

Pep-1-Cysteamine, a chimeric cell-penetrating peptide (CPP), exhibits primary amphipathicity and facilitates the translocation of active proteins across biological membranes into cells [1].

Thiocystine can be produced in the hydrolysis of proteins.

D,L-Cystathionine dihydrochloride is an intermediate in the synthesis of cysteine, which acts from the isotype of cysteine-β-synthase (CBS) produced by leucine and serine. Derived from cysteine. DL-cysteine contains a cysteine (βC-S) carbon-sulfur bond.

S-(N-Methylsulfinylbutylthiocarbamoyl)-L-cysteine (SFN-Cys) is an isothiocyanate derivative, functioning as an active metabolite of sulforaphane, a class I and II histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, and anticancer agent. This compound is generated from sulforaphane through intermediates - DL-sulforaphane glutathione and sulforaphane cysteinylglycine - via the mercapturic acid pathway enzymes. At a concentration of 20 µM, SFN-Cys diminishes invasion and migration of U87MG and U373 MG glioblastoma cells as observed in wound healing and chamber assays. Furthermore, at 45 µM, it significantly lowers the expression of α-tubulin, βIII-tubulin, stathmin 1, and X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP), and also reduces cell density in paclitaxel-resistant A549 lung cancer cells (A549/T). Additionally, when used at 30 µM, SFN-Cys prompts apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase in U87MG and U373 MG cells.

7-Desmethylmicrocystin-LR, a toxic heptapeptide, can be isolated from an axenic strain of Microcystis aeruginosa (K-139) [1].

Microcystin-LW, a bacterial metabolite and analog of microcystin-LR, possesses cellular toxicity [1] [2].

L-Cysteic acid monohydrate (3-Sulfo-L-alanine Monohydrate) is an oxidation product of L-cysteine that may be used as a competitive inhibitor of the bacterial aspartate: alanine antiporter (AspT) exchange of aspartate and in other aspartate biological systems. L-Cysteic acid monohydrate is used in monomeric surfactant development. L-Cysteic acid monohydrate may be used in studies of excitatory amino acids in the brain, such as those that bind to cysteine sulfinic acid receptors. It is a useful agonist at several rat metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs).

S-Bimanylcysteine is a bioactive chemical.

Lactacystin is an antibiotic Streptomyces spp. the metabolite and is an effective and selective proteasome inhibitor (IC50: 4.8 μM for 20S proteasome). Lactacystin inhibits cell growth and induces neurite outgrowth and also inhibits the lysosomal enzyme cathepsin A.

3-Cysteinylacetaminophen is an acetaminophen-protein adduct formed during the metabolism of acetaminophen.[1],[2] 3-Cysteinylacetaminophen has been found in isolated human serum following therapeutic and supratherapeutic doses of acetaminophen and in the presence and absence of hepatotoxicity.[3],[4] In mice, 3-cysteinylacetaminophen decreases renal glutathione (GSH) levels, an effect that can be blocked by the γ-glutamyl inhibitor acivicin.

Nrf2 activation of the antioxidant response element (ARE) is central to cytoprotective gene expression against oxidative and/or electrophilic stress. Unless activated by inflammatory, environmental, or oxidative stressors, Nrf2 is sequestered in the cytoplasm by its repressor, Keap1. Because of its protective capabilities, small molecules that activate Nrf2 signaling are being examined as potential anti-cancer or anti-inflammatory agents. DL-Sulforaphane N-acetyl-L-cysteine (SFN-NAC) is a major metabolite of SFN , a powerful inducer of chemopreventative enzymes via Keap1-Nrf2 signaling and ARE-driven gene expression. At 75 μM, SFN-NAC has been shown to increase ARE expression in HepG2-C8 cells. Its reported potency on ARE-related gene expression is roughly 8-fold less than SFN.

Cysteinylcysteine is a bioactive chemical.

N-Acetyl lysyltyrosylcysteine amide acetate is an effective and selective tripeptide inhibitor of myeloperoxidase (MPO). N-Acetyl lysyltyrosylcysteine amide acetate inhibits MPO-dependent hypochlorous acid (HOCl) generation, protein nitration, and LDL ox

Microcystin LA, a natural toxin, exerts its cytotoxic exects by inhibiting the serine-threonine protein phosphatases PP1 and PP2A with IC50s of 0.3 and 0.3 nM, respectively.

Non-sulfated form of the C-terminal octapeptide of CCK

Ethylenedicysteine is a metabolite of ethylene cysteine dimer (ECD).

Lysylcysteine is a dipeptide composed of lysine and cysteine. It is an incomplete breakdown product of protein digestion or protein catabolism. Some dipeptides are known to have physiological or cell-signaling effects although most are simply short-lived

Cysteamine bitartrate is a useful organic compound for research related to life sciences. The catalog number is T35383 and the CAS number is 27761-19-9.

Cystathionine-γ-lyase-IN-1 (SHIP-2a) is a selective inhibitor of cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE) enzyme (IC50= 6.3 μM).

Microcystin-LF, a phenylalanine variant of Microcystin-LR, is a bacterial metabolite that exhibits cellular toxicity in Caco-2 cells [1] [2].

Glycylglycylcysteine is an inhibitor of Thrombin Activatable Fibrinolysis Inhibitor (TAFI), exhibiting a K_i value of 0.99 µM and an IC_50 of 9.4 µM in TAFI substrate assays. TAFI, a basic carboxypeptidase, hinders fibrinolysis by cleaving C-terminal lysine residues on partially degraded fibrin [1].

Microcystin-LY, a cyclic heptapeptide toxin produced by the cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa [2], functions as a potent activator of the Nrf2 pathway, thereby inducing an oxidative stress response. Its activation effect is most pronounced at a concentration of 3μM [1].

Isoleucylcysteine is the first intermediate peptide in bacitracin biosynthesis.

L-Deoxyalliin , also known as S-allyl-L-cysteine, is a water soluble organosulfur compound derived from garlic that has neuroprotective and antioxidative activities. N-Acetyl-S-allyl-L-cysteine is a principal metabolite of L-deoxyalliin in humans, mice, rats, and dogs. It is readily detected in plasma and urine. The conversion of L-deoxyalliin to N-acetyl-S-allyl-L-cysteine appears to be mediated by a family of flavin-containing monooxygenases.

Quorum sensing is a regulatory system used by bacteria for controlling gene expression in response to increasing cell density. Controlling bacterial infections by quenching their quorum sensing systems is a promising field of study. The expression of specific target genes, such as transcriptional regulators belonging to the LuxIR family of proteins, is coordinated by synthesis of diffusible acylhomoserine lactone (AHL) molecules. N-butyryl-L-Homocysteine thio-lactone is an analog of N-butyryl-L-homoserine lactone, the small diffusible signaling molecule involved in quorum sensing, thereby controlling gene expression and cellular metabolism. N-butyryl-L-Homocysteine thio-lactone induces violacein expression in C. violaceum mutants usually not able to produce AHLs.

L-Cysteinesulfinic acid monohydrate is a potent agonist at rat metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) with pEC50s of 3.92, 4.6, 3.9, 2.7, 4.0, and 3.94 for mGluR1, mGluR5, mGluR2, mGluR4, mGluR6, and mGluR8, respectively[1].

Austocystin C is a useful organic compound for research related to life sciences. The catalog number is T124666 and the CAS number is 55256-55-8.