element

D-tyrosyl-tRNA(Tyr) deacylase 1(DTD1) belongs to the DTD family, and expressed in many adult and fetal tissues such as testis, ovary, spleen in adult and fetal brain. It is a nucleus and cytoplasm located protein, and is preferentially phosphorylated in cells arrested early in S phase. DTD1 is an ATPase involved in DNA replication, it may facilitate loading of CDC45 onto pre-replication complexes. The protein may hydrolyze D-tyrosyl-tRNA(Tyr) into D-tyrosine and free tRNA(Tyr), a possible defense mechanism against a harmful effect of D-tyrosine.

DHX36 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His & Myc) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-10xHis and C-Myc tag. The predicted molecular weight is 18.2 kDa and the accession number is Q9H2U1.

CREB1 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) is expressed in E. coli.

PREB Protein, Human, Recombinant (His & Myc) is expressed in E. coli.

SRRM2 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His & Myc) is expressed in Baculovirus.

LIRE1 Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (His & Myc) is expressed in E. coli.

CREB3L1, also known as OASIS, is a cellular transcription factor synthesized as a membrane-bound precursor. It is a putative endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress sensor in astrocytes with a mechanism of activation. OASIS mRNA expression was detected in pancreatic β-cell lines and rodent islets, and the expression level was up-regulated by ER stress-inducing compounds. CREB3L1 may have a role in pancreas development. CREB3L1 may also play an important role in limiting virus spread by inhibiting proliferation of virus-infected cells. In vitro, CREB3L1 binds to box-B element, cAMP response element (CRE) and CRE-like sequences, and activates transcription through box-B element but not through CRE. It may play a role in gliosis.

Zinc Finger BED Domain-Containing Protein 1 (ZBED1) contains one BED-type zinc finger and is found in the cell nucleus. ZBED1 is widely expressed, highly in heart, skeletal muscle, spleen and placenta. The expression of ZBED1 is usually linked to the cell cycle. During the G1 S phase, the expression is increasing. During the S G2 phage, the expression reaches to the highest, and then decreasing. ZBED1 exists in homodimer forms, which can bind to 5’-TGTCCG[CT]GA[CT]A-3’ DNA elements, that can be found in the promoter regions of a number of gene related to cell proliferation.

Krueppel-Like Factor 6 (KLF6) belongs to the krueppel C2H2-type zinc-finger protein family. KLF6 contains three C2H2-type zinc fingers and localizes in the nucleus. KLF6 expression is highest in the placenta followed by spleen, thymus, prostate, testis, small intestinem and colon. However, it is weakly expressed in the pancreas, lung, liver, heart, and skeletal muscle. KLF6 functions as a transcriptional activator and could play a role in B-cell growth and development. Defects in KLF6 will result in gastric cancer and prostate cancer.

Transcriptional activator that binds specifically to the DNA sequence 5'-[AG]CCGAC-3'. Binding to the C-repeat DRE element mediates high salinity- and abscisic acid-inducible transcription. DREB2C Protein, Arabidopsis thaliana, Recombinant (His) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-10xHis tag. The predicted molecular weight is 43.9 kDa and the accession number is Q8LFR2.

NSMCE3 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-6xHis tag. The predicted molecular weight is 38.4 kDa and the accession number is Q96MG7.

Binds to the cAMP response element and activates transcription.

YBX1 Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (His) is expressed in yeast with N-6xHis tag. The predicted molecular weight is 37.6 kDa and the accession number is P62960.

Eukaryotic Translation Initiation Factor 1B (EIF1B) is an element of a complex involved in recognition of the initiator codon during the scanning process. Translation is also initiated by the function of EIF1B in regulating the activity of ribosomal subunits 43S, 48S and 40S. EIF1B enables 43S ribosomal complexes to distinguish between cognate and near-cognate initiation codons, perceiving the nucleotide content of initiation codons.

Myelin Protein P0 (MPZ) is a single-pass type I membrane glycoprotein which belongs to the myelin P0 protein family. MPZ contains one Ig-like V-type (immunoglobulin-like) domain, absent in the central nervous system. MPZ is a major component of the myelin sheath in peripheral nerves. It is postulated that MPZ is a structural element in the formation and stabilisation of peripheral nerve myelin, holding its characteristic coil structure together by the interaction of its positively-charged domain with acidic lipids in the cytoplasmic face of the opposed bilayer, and by interaction between hydrophobic globular of adjacent extracellular domains. Defects in MPZ associated with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease and Dejerine-Sottas disease.

Signal transducer and activator of transcription that mediates signaling by type I IFNs (IFN-alpha and IFN-beta). Following type I IFN binding to cell surface receptors, Jak kinases (TYK2 and JAK1) are activated, leading to tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT1 and STAT2. The phosphorylated STATs dimerize, associate with ISGF3G IRF-9 to form a complex termed ISGF3 transcription factor, that enters the nucleus. ISGF3 binds to the IFN stimulated response element (ISRE) to activate the transcription of interferon stimulated genes, which drive the cell in an antiviral state.

May act as transcriptional regulator. Induces apoptosis in infected cells. Element of infectious replication cycle. Chicken anemia virus (isolate Germany Cuxhaven-1) Apoptin Protein (His & SUMO) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-6xHis-SUMO tag. The predicted molecular weight is 29.3 kDa and the accession number is Q99152.

Recognizes the ribosomal RNA gene promoter and activates transcription mediated by RNA polymerase I through cooperative interactions with the transcription factor SL1 TIF-IB complex. It binds specifically to the upstream control element. Nucleolar transcription factor 1 Protein, Human, Recombinant (Cell-Free, His & SUMO) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-10xHis-SUMO tag. The predicted molecular weight is 107.9 kDa and the accession number is P17480.

Recognizes the ribosomal RNA gene promoter and activates transcription mediated by RNA polymerase I through cooperative interactions with the transcription factor SL1 TIF-IB complex. It binds specifically to the upstream control element. Nucleolar transcription factor 1 Protein, Human, Recombinant (E. coli, His & SUMO) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-6xHis-SUMO tag. The predicted molecular weight is 95.2 kDa and the accession number is P17480.

RNA-binding protein that is involved in the post-transcriptional regulation of mRNAs. Plays a role in the regulation of mRNA stability, alternative splicing and translation. Binds to AU-rich element (ARE) sequences in the 3' untranslated region (UTR) of target mRNAs, including GAP43, VEGF, FOS, CDKN1A and ACHE mRNA. Many of the target mRNAs are coding for RNA-binding proteins, transcription factors and proteins involved in RNA processing and or neuronal development and function. By binding to the mRNA 3'UTR, decreases mRNA deadenylation and thereby contributes to the stabilization of mRNA molecules and their protection from decay. Also binds to the polyadenylated (poly(A)) tail in the 3'UTR of mRNA, thereby increasing its affinity for mRNA binding. Mainly plays a role in neuron-specific RNA processing by stabilization of mRNAs such as GAP43, ACHE and mRNAs of other neuronal proteins, thereby contributing to the differentiation of neural progenitor cells, nervous system development, learning and memory mechanisms. Involved in the negative regulation of the proliferative activity of neuronal stem cells and in the positive regulation of neuronal differentiation of neural progenitor cells. Promotes neuronal differentiation of neural stem progenitor cells in the adult subventricular zone of the hippocampus by binding to and stabilizing SATB1 mRNA. Binds and stabilizes MSI1 mRNA in neural stem cells. Exhibits increased binding to ACHE mRNA during neuronal differentiation, thereby stabilizing ACHE mRNA and enhancing its expression. Protects CDKN1A mRNA from decay by binding to its 3'-UTR. May bind to APP and BACE1 mRNAS and the BACE1AS lncRNA and enhance their stabilization. Plays a role in neurite outgrowth and in the establishment and maturation of dendritic arbors, thereby contributing to neocortical and hippocampal circuitry function. Stabilizes GAP43 mRNA and protects it from decay during postembryonic development in the brain. By promoting the stabilization of GAP43 mRNA, plays a role in NGF-mediated neurite outgrowth. Binds to BDNF long 3'UTR mRNA, thereby leading to its stabilization and increased dendritic translation after activation of PKC. By increasing translation of BDNF after nerve injury, may contribute to nerve regeneration. Acts as a stabilizing factor by binding to the 3'UTR of NOVA1 mRNA, thereby increasing its translation and enhancing its functional activity in neuron-specific splicing. Stimulates translation of mRNA in a poly(A)- and cap-dependent manner, possibly by associating with the EIF4F cap-binding complex. May also negatively regulate translation by binding to the 5'UTR of Ins2 mRNA, thereby repressing its translation. Upon glucose stimulation, Ins2 mRNA is released from ELAVL4 and translational inhibition is abolished. Also plays a role in the regulation of alternative splicing. May regulate alternative splicing of CALCA pre-mRNA into Calcitonin and Calcitonin gene-related peptide 1 (CGRP) by competing with splicing regulator TIAR for binding to U-rich intronic sequences of CALCA pre-mRNA.

Amine oxidase copper-containing 1 (AOC1; formerly known as amiloride-binding protein 1) is a secreted glycoprotein that catalyzes the degradation of putrescine and histamine. Polyamines and their diamine precursor putrescine are ubiquitous to all organisms and fulfill pivotal functions in cell growth and proliferation. That the Wilms tumor protein, WT1, which is necessary for normal kidney development, activates transcription of the AOC1 gene. Expression of a firefly luciferase reporter under control of the proximal AOC1 promoter was significantly enhanced by co-transfection of a WT1 expression construct. Binding of WT1 protein to a cis-regulatory element in the AOC1 promoter was confirmed by electrophoretic mobility shift assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation. WT1-dependent control of polyamine breakdown, which is mediated by changes in AOC1 expression, has a role in kidney organogenesis.

Key element of the urea cycle converting L-arginine to urea and L-ornithine, which is further metabolized into metabolites proline and polyamides that drive collagen synthesis and bioenergetic pathways critical for cell proliferation, respectively; the urea cycle takes place primarily in the liver and, to a lesser extent, in the kidneys.; Functions in L-arginine homeostasis in nonhepatic tissues characterized by the competition between nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and arginase for the available intracellular substrate arginine. Arginine metabolism is a critical regulator of innate and adaptive immune responses. Involved in an antimicrobial effector pathway in polymorphonuclear granulocytes (PMN). Upon PMN cell death is liberated from the phagolysosome and depletes arginine in the microenvironment leading to suppressed T cell and natural killer (NK) cell proliferation and cytokine secretion. In group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) promotes acute type 2 inflammation in the lung and is involved in optimal ILC2 proliferation but not survival. Plays a role in the immune response of alternatively activated or M2 macrophages in processes such as wound healing and tissue regeneration, immune defense against multicellular pathogens and parasites, and immune suppression and allergic inflammation; the regulatory outcome seems to be organ specific. In tumor-infiltrating dendritic cells (DCs) and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) plays a role in suppression of T cell-mediated antitumor immunity.

Hydroxyacid oxidase 1, also known as Glycolate oxidase, HAO1, and GOX1, is a member of the FMN-dependent alpha-hydroxy acid dehydrogenase family. HAO1 GOX1 has 2-hydroxyacid oxidase activity. It is most active on the 2-carbon substrate glycolate, but is also active on 2-hydroxy fatty acids, with high activity towards 2-hydroxy palmitate and 2-hydroxy octanoate. HAO1 GOX1 is a liver-specific peroxisomal enzyme that oxidizes glycolate to glyoxylate with the concomitant production of H2O2. In Hao1 messenger RNA (mRNA), an iron-responsive element (IRE) homologous to the sequence recognized by iron regulatory proteins (IRP), key regulators of iron homeostasis, is present. Mammalian HAO1 GOX1 is a peroxisomal protein and that the C-terminal sequence SKI acts as the targeting signal. Down-regulation of HAO1 GOX1 expression during oxidative stress may provide a mechanism to prevent excessive H2O2 formation in liver peroxisomes and may represent the prototype of a poorly recognized but potentially relevant response to an oxidative injury involving down-regulation of ROS-producing enzymes.

STAT1 is a member of the STAT protein family. In response to cytokines and growth factors, STAT family members are phosphorylated by the receptor-associated kinases, and then form homo- or heterodimers that translocate to the cell nucleus where they act as transcription activators. STAT1 can be activated by various ligands, including interferon-alpha, interferon-gamma, EGF, PDGF and IL6. It is a signal transducer and transcription activator that mediates cellular responses to interferons (IFNs), cytokine KITLG SCF and other cytokines and growth factors. The phosphorylated STATs dimerize, associate with ISGF3G IRF-9 to form a complex termed ISGF3 transcription factor, that enters the nucleus. ISGF3 binds to the IFN stimulated response element (ISRE) to activate the transcription of interferon-stimulated genes, which drive the cell in an antiviral state. In response to type II IFN (IFN-gamma), STAT1 is tyrosine- and serine-phosphorylated. It then forms a homodimer termed IFN-gamma-activated factor (GAF), migrates into the nucleus and binds to the IFN gamma activated sequence (GAS) to drive the expression of the target genes, inducing a cellular antiviral state. STAT1 becomes activated in response to KITLG SCF and KIT signaling and may mediate cellular responses to activated FGFR1, FGFR2, FGFR3 and FGFR4. Defects in STAT1 can cause STAT1 deficiency complete and familial candidiasis type 7.

Receptor that binds peroxisome proliferators such as hypolipidemic drugs and fatty acids. Once activated by a ligand, the receptor binds to a promoter element in the gene for acyl-CoA oxidase and activates its transcription. It therefore controls the peroxisomal beta-oxidation pathway of fatty acids. Key regulator of adipocyte differentiation and glucose homeostasis. May play a role in the regulation of circadian rhythm.

RNA-binding protein that is involved in the post-transcriptional regulation of mRNAs. Plays a role in the regulation of mRNA stability, alternative splicing and translation. Binds to AU-rich element (ARE) sequences in the 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) of target mRNAs. Mainly plays a role in neuron-specific RNA processing.

ECSIT is an adapter protein of the toll-like and IL-1 receptor signaling pathway that is involved in the activation of NF-kappa-B via MAP3K1. Activation of NF-kappaB as a consequence of signaling through the Toll and IL-1 receptors is a major element of innate immune responses. ECSIT is specific for the Toll IL-1 pathways and is a regulator of MEKK-1 processing. It bridges TRAF6 to MEKK-1. Expression of wild-type ECSIT accelerates processing of MEKK-1, whereas a dominant-negative fragment of ECSIT blocks MEKK-1 processing and activation of NF-kappaB. ECSIT is also required for normal embryonic development and efficient assembly of mitochondrial NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase.

Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3(SMAD3) is a cytoplasm protein which belongs to the dwarfin SMAD family. Smad proteins undergo rapid nuclear translocation upon stimulation by transforming growth factor and in so doing transduce the signal into the nucleus. Receptor-regulated SMAD is an intracellular signal transducer and transcriptional modulator activated by TGF-beta and activin type 1 receptor kinases. SMAD3 binds the TRE element in the promoter region of many genes that are regulated by TGF-beta and, on formation of the SMAD3 SMAD4 complex, activates transcription. It also can form a SMAD3 SMAD4 JUN FOS complex at the AP-1 SMAD site to regulate TGF-beta-mediated transcription. SMAD3 has an inhibitory effect on wound healing probably by modulating both growth and migration of primary keratinocytes and by altering the TGF-mediated chemotaxis of monocytes. This effect on wound healing appears to be hormone-sensitive.

Cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-1(ATF1) which contains 1 bZIP (basic-leucine zipper) domain and 1 KID (kinase-inducible) domain, belongs to the bZIP family. It influences cellular physiologic processes by regulating the expression of downstream target genes, which are related to growth, survival, and other cellular activities. ATF1 binds the cAMP response element (CRE) (consensus: 5'-GTGACGT[AC][AG]-3'), a sequence present in many viral and cellular promoters. It also binds to the Tax-responsive element (TRE) of HTLV-I. ATF1 mediates PKA-induced stimulation of CRE-reporter genes, represses the expression of FTH1 and other antioxidant detoxification genes, triggers cell proliferation and transformation. ATF1 is phosphorylated at serine 63 in its kinase-inducible domain by serine threonine kinases, cAMP-dependent protein kinase A, calmodulin-dependent protein kinase I II, mitogen- and stress-activated protein kinase and CDK3. Its phosphorylation enhances its transactivation and transcriptional activities, and enhances cell transformation.

Heat Shock Factor Protein 2 (HSF2) belongs to the HSF family of transcription factors that bind specifically to the heat-shock promoter element and activate transcription. In higher eukaryotes, HSF is unable to bind to the HSE unless the cells are heat shocked. HSF2 is widely expressed in many cells and tissues. HSF2 is located on Cytoplasmic during normal growth. But when it is activited, HSF2 moves to the nucleus.

Acts as a CD40 functional homolog to prevent apoptosis of infected B-lymphocytes and drive their proliferation. Functions as a constitutively active tumor necrosis factor receptor that induces the activation of several signaling pathways, including those of the NF-kappa-B family. LMP1 signaling leads to up-regulation of antiapoptotic proteins and provide growth signals in latently infected cells. Interacts with host UBE2I and subsequently affects the sumoylation state of several cellular proteins. For example, induces the sumoylation of host IRF7 thereby limiting its transcriptional activity and modulating the activation of innate immune responses. Inhibits also host IFN-alpha-stimulated STAT2 nuclear translocation and interferon-stimulated response element transcriptional activity by interacting with and inhibiting host TYK2.

HIF-1 alpha, also known as HIF1A, contains 1 basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) domain, 1 PAC (PAS-associated C-terminal) domain, and 2 PAS (PER-ARNT-SIM) domains. It is one of the two subunits of Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF1). HIF1 is a transcription factor found in mammalian cells cultured under reduced oxygen tension that plays an essential role in cellular and systemic homeostatic responses to hypoxia. HIF1 is a heterodimer composed of an alpha subunit and a beta subunit. The beta subunit has been identified as the aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator (ARNT). HIF-1 alpha is expressed in most tissues with the highest levels in the kidney and heart. It is overexpressed in the majority of common human cancers and their metastases, due to the presence of intratumoral hypoxia and as a result of mutations in genes encoding oncoproteins and tumor suppressors. HIF-1 alpha functions as a master transcriptional regulator of the adaptive response to hypoxia. Under hypoxic conditions, it activates the transcription of over 40 genes, including erythropoietin, glucose transporters, glycolytic enzymes, vascular endothelial growth factor, HILPDA, and other genes whose protein products increase oxygen delivery or facilitate metabolic adaptation to hypoxia. HIF1A plays an essential role in embryonic vascularization, tumor angiogenesis, and the pathophysiology of ischemic disease. HIF-1 alpha binds to core DNA sequence 5'-[AG]CGTG-3' within the hypoxia response element (HRE) of target gene promoters. Activation requires the recruitment of transcriptional coactivators such as CREBPB and EP300.

CEBPG, also known as CEBP gamma, is a transcription factor which belongs to the CEBP family. Members of this family regulate viral and cellular CCAAT enhancer element-mediated transcription. CEBP proteins contain the bZIP region, which is characterized by two motifs in the C-terminal half of the protein: a basic region involved in DNA binding and a leucine zipper motif involved in dimerization. CEBPG binds to the enhancer element PRE-I of the IL-4 gene. It Might change the DNA-binding specificity of other transcription factors and recruit them to unusual DNA sites.

NT5C3A (5'-Nucleotidase, Cytosolic IIIA) is a Protein Coding gene. This gene encodes a member of the 5'-nucleotidase family of enzymes that catalyze the dephosphorylation of nucleoside 5'-monophosphates. The encoded protein is the type 1 isozyme of pyrimidine 5' nucleotidase and catalyzes the dephosphorylation of pyrimidine 5' monophosphates. NT5C3A expression required both an intronic IFN-stimulated response element and the IFN-stimulated transcription factor IRF1. Overexpression of NT5C3A, but not of its catalytic mutants, suppressed IL-8 production by HEK293 cells. NT5C3A-stimulated sirtuin activity resulted in deacetylation of histone H3 and the NF-kappaB subunit RelA (also known as p65), both of which were associated with the proximal region of the Il8 promoter, thus repressing the transcription of Il8 Together.

May act as transcriptional regulator. Induces apoptosis in infected cells. Element of infectious replication cycle. Chicken anemia virus (isolate USA 26p4) Apoptin Protein (His) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-6xHis tag. The predicted molecular weight is 17.1 kDa and the accession number is P54095.

RNA-binding protein that binds to AU-rich element (ARE) sequences of target mRNAs, including VEGF mRNA. May also bind poly-A tracts via RRM 3. May be involved in neuronal differentiation and maintenance. Plays a role in the stabilization of GAP43 mRNA and in spatial learning.

Plays a role in cytoplasmic trafficking of RNA. Binds to the cis-acting response element, A2RE. May be involved in pre-mRNA splicing. HNRNPA3 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His & Myc) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-10xHis and C-Myc tag. The predicted molecular weight is 46.6 kDa and the accession number is P51991.

Transcriptional regulator which displays a remarkable functional diversity in the regulation of cellular responses. Regulates transcription of IFN and IFN-inducible genes, host response to viral and bacterial infections, regulation of many genes expressed during hematopoiesis, inflammation, immune responses and cell proliferation and differentiation, regulation of the cell cycle and induction of growth arrest and programmed cell death following DNA damage. Stimulates both innate and acquired immune responses through the activation of specific target genes and can act as a transcriptional activator and repressor regulating target genes by binding to an interferon-stimulated response element (ISRE) in their promoters. Competes with the transcriptional repressor ZBED2 for binding to a common consensus sequence in gene promoters. Its target genes for transcriptional activation activity include: genes involved in anti-viral response, such as IFN-alpha beta, DDX58 RIG-I, TNFSF10 TRAIL, ZBP1, OAS1 2, PIAS1 GBP, EIF2AK2 PKR and RSAD2 viperin; antibacterial response, such as NOS2 INOS; anti-proliferative response, such as p53 TP53, LOX and CDKN1A; apoptosis, such as BBC3 PUMA, CASP1, CASP7 and CASP8; immune response, such as IL7, IL12A B and IL15, PTGS2 COX2 and CYBB; DNA damage responses and DNA repair, such as POLQ POLH; MHC class I expression, such as TAP1, PSMB9 LMP2, PSME1 PA28A, PSME2 PA28B and B2M and MHC class II expression, such as CIITA; metabolic enzymes, such as ACOD1 IRG1. Represses genes involved in anti-proliferative response, such as BIRC5 survivin, CCNB1, CCNE1, CDK1, CDK2 and CDK4 and in immune response, such as FOXP3, IL4, ANXA2 and TLR4. Stimulates p53 TP53-dependent transcription through enhanced recruitment of EP300 leading to increased acetylation of p53 TP53. Plays an important role in immune response directly affecting NK maturation and activity, macrophage production of IL12, Th1 development and maturation of CD8+ T-cells. Also implicated in the differentiation and maturation of dendritic cells and in the suppression of regulatory T (Treg) cells development. Acts as a tumor suppressor and plays a role not only in antagonism of tumor cell growth but also in stimulating an immune response against tumor cells.

May play a role in the regulation of immune cell function. Cytokine that imparts cellular protection against viral infection in a species-specific manner. Activates the interferon-stimulated response element signaling pathway. It is able to directly modulate cytokine release from monocytes and dendritic cells. Binds heparin.

Oxysterol-binding protein that mediates feedback control of cholesterol synthesis by controlling both endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi transport of SCAP and degradation of HMGCR. Acts as a negative regulator of cholesterol biosynthesis by mediating the retention of the SCAP-SREBP complex in the endoplasmic reticulum, thereby blocking the processing of sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBPs) SREBF1 SREBP1 and SREBF2 SREBP2. Binds oxysterol, including 22-hydroxycholesterol, 24-hydroxycholesterol, 25-hydroxycholesterol and 27-hydroxycholesterol, regulating interaction with SCAP and retention of the SCAP-SREBP complex in the endoplasmic reticulum. In presence of oxysterol, interacts with SCAP, retaining the SCAP-SREBP complex in the endoplasmic reticulum, thereby preventing SCAP from escorting SREBF1 SREBP1 and SREBF2 SREBP2 to the Golgi. Sterol deprivation or phosphorylation by PCK1 reduce oxysterol-binding, disrupting the interaction between INSIG2 and SCAP, thereby promoting Golgi transport of the SCAP-SREBP complex, followed by processing and nuclear translocation of SREBF1 SREBP1 and SREBF2 SREBP2. Also regulates cholesterol synthesis by regulating degradation of HMGCR: initiates the sterol-mediated ubiquitin-mediated endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD) of HMGCR via recruitment of the reductase to the ubiquitin ligase RNF139.

Splicing factor binding to exonic or intronic sites and acting as either an activator or repressor of exon inclusion. Exhibits a binding preference for CA-rich elements. Component of the heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP) complexes and associated with most nascent transcripts. Associates, together with APEX1, to the negative calcium responsive element (nCaRE) B2 of the APEX2 promoter. HNRNPL Protein, Human, Recombinant (His & SUMO) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-6xHis-SUMO tag. The predicted molecular weight is 43.1 kDa and the accession number is P14866.

Activating transcription factor 2, also known as ATF2, is a member of the leucine zipper family of DNA-binding proteins that binds to the cAMP response element. Its activity is enhanced after phosphorylation by stress-activated protein kinases such as c-Jun N-terminal kinase and p38. ATF2 has been found to be a target of the JNK signal transduction pathway and mediate adenovirus E1A-inducible transcriptional activation. ATF2 is also been reported playing roles in TGF-β signaling pathway. It has been shown that the transcription factor ATF2 is bound by a hetero-oligomer of Smad3 and Smad4 upon TGF-β stimulation. Studies indicate that ATF-2 plays a central role in TGF-β signaling by acting as a common nuclear target of both Smad and TAK1 pathways.

ATOX1 is a cytoplasmic copper chaperone that interacts with the copper-binding domain of the membrane copper transporters ATP7A and ATP7B. ATOX1 has also been suggested to have a potential anti-oxidant activity. As the trace element copper is essential, but extremely toxic in high concentrations, intracellular copper concentrations are tightly controlled. Once in the cell, copper is distributed by metallochaperones, including the small cytoplasmic protein ATOX1. ATOX1 plays an important role in the transfer of copper to the copper export P-type ATPases ATP7A and ATP7B to facilitate copper excretion. There is a novel function for Atox1 as a transcription factor (TF) regulating Ccnd1 was proposed. Antioxidant 1 (ATOX1) functions as an antioxidant against hydrogen peroxide and superoxide, and therefore may play a significant role in many human diseases, including diabetes mellitus (DM). The transduced Tat-ATOX1 protein protects pancreatic beta-cells by inhibiting STZ-induced cellular toxicity in vitro and in vivo. Thus Tat-ATOX1 protein has potential applications as a therapeutic agent for oxidative stress-induced diseases including DM.

The chimeric protein binds in vitro and in vivo to a specific element upstream of LRRC15, leading to dramatic transcriptional activation.  LRRC15 encodes a leucine-rich transmembrane protein, present at the leading edge of migrating cells, the expression of which in normal tissues is restricted to the invasive cytotrophoblast layer of the placenta; small interfering (siRNA)-mediated suppression of LRRC15 expression in breast cancer cells leads to abrogation of invasiveness in vitro. LRRC15 Protein, Cynomolgus Rhesus macaque, Recombinant (His) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with C-His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 58.92 kDa and the accession number is A0A2K5UKB6.

Aux IAA proteins are short-lived transcriptional factors that function as repressors of early auxin response genes at low auxin concentrations. Repression is thought to result from the interaction with auxin response factors (ARFs), proteins that bind to the auxin-responsive promoter element (AuxRE). Formation of heterodimers with ARF proteins may alter their ability to modulate early auxin response genes expression. IAA17 Protein, Arabidopsis thaliana, Recombinant (His & Myc) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-10xHis and C-Myc tag. The predicted molecular weight is 32.3 kDa and the accession number is P93830.

May act as transcriptional regulator. Induces apoptosis in infected cells. Element of infectious replication cycle. Chicken anemia virus (isolate Germany Cuxhaven-1) Apoptin Protein (GST) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-GST tag. The predicted molecular weight is 40.3 kDa and the accession number is Q99152.

Acts as a CD40 functional homolog to prevent apoptosis of infected B-lymphocytes and drive their proliferation. Functions as a constitutively active tumor necrosis factor receptor that induces the activation of several signaling pathways, including those of the NF-kappa-B family. LMP1 signaling leads to up-regulation of antiapoptotic proteins and provide growth signals in latently infected cells. Interacts with host UBE2I and subsequently affects the sumoylation state of several cellular proteins. For example, induces the sumoylation of host IRF7 thereby limiting its transcriptional activity and modulating the activation of innate immune responses. Inhibits also host IFN-alpha-stimulated STAT2 nuclear translocation and interferon-stimulated response element transcriptional activity by interacting with and inhibiting host TYK2.

Receptor-regulated SMAD (R-SMAD) that is an intracellular signal transducer and transcriptional modulator activated by TGF-beta (transforming growth factor) and activin type 1 receptor kinases. Binds the TRE element in the promoter region of many genes that are regulated by TGF-beta and, on formation of the SMAD2 SMAD4 complex, activates transcription. May act as a tumor suppressor in colorectal carcinoma. Positively regulates PDPK1 kinase activity by stimulating its dissociation from the 14-3-3 protein YWHAQ which acts as a negative regulator.