Linoleic acid (9,12-octadecadienoic acid) is an essential fatty acid. Prostaglandin precursor.

Methyl Linoleate (Telfairic Acid methyl ester) linoleate has antioxidant activity.

Linoleic acid alkyne, an ω-alkyne derivative of Linoleic acid, serves as a precursor for synthesizing alkyne-containing compounds, including glycerophospholipids, suited for click chemistry applications [1].

Cholesteryl linoleate is the major cholesteryl ester in LDL and atherosclerotic lesions. It is present in LDL as a cholesteryl ester that is oxidized to form cholesteryl linoleate hydroperoxides using LDL receptor-associated proteins that are transferred to the plasma membranes of macrophages and CHO cells expressing 15-lipoxygenase.

Hederacolchiside E has antioxidant activity and shows neuroprotective effects in Alzheimer's disease (AD) models via modulating oxidative stress. Hederacolchiside E exhibits inhibition on lipid peroxidation of linoleic acid emulsion. Hederacolchiside E ma

9-Oxononanoic Acid is an oxidized fatty acid, formed by the autoxidation of linoleic acid, which enhances phospholipase A2 (PLA2) activity and increases the production of thromboxane B2 in isolated human plasma.9-Oxononanoic Acid reduces hepatic neofatty acid synthesis and enhances the activity of rat hepatic carnitine palmitoyltransferase, a marker of β-oxidation. Activity.

(S)-Coriolic acid (13(S)-HODE) is an important intracellular signaling agent, generated by the reaction of linoleic acid with plant and mammalian lipoxygenases, and is involved in cell proliferation and differentiation in various biological systems. (S)-Coriolic acid inhibits the adhesion of tumor cells to the vascular endothelium and down-regulates the expression of IRGpIIb/IIIa receptors at around 1 μM. (S)-Coriolic acid is a metabolite of 15-lipoxygenase (15-LOX), which often acts as an endogenous ligand to activate PPARγ. (S)-Coriolic acid induces mitochondrial dysfunction and airway epithelial damage.

Arachidonic acid (Immunocytophyte) is an unsaturated, essential fatty acid. It is found in animal and human fat as well as in the liver, brain, and glandular organs, and is a constituent of animal phosphatides. It is formed by the synthesis from dietary linoleic acid and is a precursor in the biosynthesis of prostaglandins, thromboxanes, and leukotrienes.

9(S),12(S),13(S)-TriHOME is a linoleic acid-derived oxylipin that has diverse biological activities.1,2,3,4It has been found in various plants and is produced in human eosinophils in a 15-lipoxygenase-dependent, soluble epoxide hydrolase-independent manner.1,59(S),12(S)13(S)-TriHOME inhibits antigen-induced β-hexosaminidase release from RBL-2H3 mast cells (IC50= 28.7 μg/ml).2It inhibits LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO) production in BV-2 microglia (IC50= 40.95 μM).3In vivo, 9(S),12(S),13(S)-TriHOME (1 g/animal) enhances the antiviral IgA and IgG antibody responses induced by a nasal influenza hemagglutinin (HA) vaccine by 5.2- and 2-fold, respectively, in mice.4 1.Hamberg, M., and Hamberg, G.Peroxygenase-catalyzed fatty acid epoxidation in cereal seeds: Sequential oxidation of linoleic acid into 9(S),12(S),13(S)-trihydroxy-10(E)-octadecenoic acidPlant Physiol.110(3)807-815(1996) 2.Hong, S.S., and Oh, J.S.Inhibitors of antigen-induced degranulation of RBL-2H3 cells isolated from wheat branJ. Korean Soc. Appl. Biol. Chem.5569-74(2012) 3.Kim, C.S., Kwon, O.W., Kim, S.Y., et al.Five new oxylipins from Chaenomeles sinensisLipids49(11)1151-1159(2014) 4.Shirahata, T., Sunazuka, T., Yoshida, K., et al.Total synthesis, elucidation of absolute stereochemistry, and adjuvant activity of trihydroxy fatty acidsTetrahedron62(40)9483-9496(2006) 5.Fuchs, D., Tang, X., Johnsson, A.-K., et al.Eosinophils synthesize trihydroxyoctadecenoic acids (TriHOMEs) via a 15-lipoxygenase dependent processBiochim. Biophys. Acta Mol. Cell Biol. Lipids1865(4)158611(2020)

1-Linoleoyl-2-hydroxy-sn-glycero-3-PC (LGPC) is a lysophospholipid containing linoleic acid at thesn-1 position that has been found in mouse heart, lung, liver, spleen, kidney, plasma, and serum.1Serum levels of LGPC decrease with increasing insulin resistance and dysglycemia in humans.2 1.Okudaira, M., Inoue, A., Shuto, A., et al.Separation and quantification of 2-acyl-1-lysophospholipids and 1-acyl-2-lysophospholipids in biological samples by LC-MS/MSJ. Lipid Res.55(10)2178-2192(2014) 2.Gall, W.E., Beebe, K., Lawton, K.A., et al.α-Hydroxybutyrate is an early biomarker of insulin resistance and glucose intolerance in a nondiabetic populationPLoS One5(5)e10883(2010)

1,3-Dilinoleoyl-2-oleoyl-rac-glycerol is a triacylglycerol that contains linoleic acid at the sn-1 and sn-3 positions and oleic acid at the sn-2 position. It has been found in grape seed, pumpkin seed, soybean, sunflower, and wheat germ oils, with the highest content in grape seed oil.

gamma-Linolenic acid (gamolenic acid), is an unsaturated fatty acid synthesized from linoleic acid (LA) by the enzyme delta-6-desaturase. Research on hepatocellular cell lines has shown γ-Linolenic Acid to have induced reactive oxygen species generation including lipid peroxidation, cell growth inhibition, and heme oxygenase-1 production for antioxidant protection against oxidative stress. Further experiments have noted that γ-Linolenic acid inhibits inflammatory responses through inactivation of NFκB and activator protein-1 by suppressed oxidative stress.

Okanin shows significant activities on both linoleic acid peroxidation inhibition and DPPH radical scavenging effect.

4 beta-Carboxy-19-nortotarol can inhibit microsomal lipid peroxidation induced by Fe(III)-ADP/NADPH and mitochondrial lipid peroxidation induced by Fe(III)-ADP/ NADH, it inhibits linoleic acid autoxidation but not generation of superoxide anion.

Piperitenone, a monoterpene identified in various plants, exhibits antioxidant activity and inhibits the peroxidation of linoleic acid.

Totaradiol shows antioxidant activity, it can inhibit linoleic acid autoxidation but not generation of superoxide anion. Totaradiol exhibits cytotoxic activity against the A2780 ovarian cancer cell line.

(±)9-HpODE is a racemic mixture of the fatty acid hydroperoxide product (9(S)-HpODE) formed from lipoxygenase action on linoleic acid. It shows antimicrobial activity against various fungal and bacterial pathogens and thus may play a role in plant defense. In mammalian species, monocyte-induced oxidization of LDL generates significant amounts of esterified 9-HpODE, which is rapidly reduced to 9-HODE.

Cognac oil, predominantly derived from wine lees, exhibits distinctive fatty acid compositions, characterized by high proportions of Palmitic acid (59.26%), Linoleic acid (11.92%), Myristic acid (8.97%), and Oleic acid (8.3%) among other fatty acids. Notably, the application of Cognac oil enhances the permeability of Rhodamine 6G (R6G) across various membranes, resulting in a generalized increase in permeation.

13-Hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid (13-HODE), an endogenous metabolite produced by the lipoxygenase pathway of Linoleic acid, promotes prostacyclin synthesis by facilitating the release of arachidonic acid (AA) from phospholipids [1].

trans-Vaccenic acid is a precursor substance that synthesizes saturated fatty acids in the rumen and conjugated linoleic acid at the tissue level. trans-Vaccenic acid inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis of human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells through the mitochondria-mediated apoptotic pathway.

α-Lipoic Acid (DL-α-Lipoic acid) an octanoic acid bridged with two sulfurs so that it is sometimes also called a pentanoic acid in some naming schemes. It is biosynthesized by cleavage of LINOLEIC ACID and is a coenzyme of oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (KETOGLUTARATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX). It is used in DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS.

Bovinic acid ((9Z,11E)-Octadecadienoic acid) is a conjugated linoleic acid with anticancer and anti-atherosclerotic activity and can be used to study coronary heart disease and obesity in the elderly.

Linoleyl alcohol (CIS,CIS-9,12-OCTADECADIENOL), fatty alcohol, is a structural analog of Linoleic acid with no a-carboxyl group[1].

Ethyl linoleate is a natural product.