pig 1

Beta-defensin 1, pig, is an antimicrobial peptide predominantly located in the tongue mucosa of pigs. It exhibits activity against a variety of bacteria including Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Bordetella pertussis, and the fungus Candida albicans [1] [2].

Beta-defensin 1, pig TFA, an antimicrobial peptide predominantly located in the tongue mucosa of pigs, exhibits activity against a diverse range of bacteria including Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Bordetella pertussis, and the fungus Candida albicans [1] [2].

Beta-defensin 103 isoform X1, pig, is an antimicrobial peptide found in various organisms, essential for the initial defense mechanisms of the innate immune system against pathogens [1].

Beta-defensin 103 isoform X1, pig TFA, is an antimicrobial peptide found in various living organisms, crucial for the initial defense of the innate immune system against pathogens [1].

Substance P 1-9 aceate is nonapeptide, which decreases the inactivation of substance P by the guinea-pig ileum and urinary bladder.

Substance P (2-11), a fragment peptide of Substance P (SP), exhibits contractile effects on the guinea pig ileum and inhibits the permeation of tritiated SP (3 H SP) across brain microvessel endothelial cell (BBMEC) monolayers [1] [2].

Leumorphin, human, is a potent agonist of the kappa opioid receptor (κ opioid receptor) and inhibits the contraction of the guinea pig ileum's myenteric plexus-longitudinal muscle preparation [1].

Sarafotoxin S6a TFA, an analogue of sarafotoxin, functions as an endothelin receptor agonist with an ET_A/ET_B selectivity profile akin to Endothelin-3. It demonstrates an EC_50 of 7.5 nM in stimulating the pig coronary artery [1].

Dynorphin B-29 (Leumorphin) (pig) is a peptide that exhibits multifaceted receptor interactions within the brain and isolated tissue systems. This compound is utilized in the study of immunoreactions [1].

[D-Pro2,D-Phe7,D-Trp9] Substance P, an analogue of Substance P, serves as an inhibitor to its parent compound and indirectly contracts the guinea-pig ileum (GPI) [1] [2].

pBD-1 is an endogenous and constitutively expressed antimicrobial peptide (AMP) from porcine tissues, particularly expresses in pig mucosal epithelial sites with the contribution of mucosal and systemic host defenses in pigs.

[Lys4] Sarafotoxin S6c, an analogue of sarafotoxin, serves as a potent, partial agonist of the endothelin receptor, inducing contraction in pig coronary artery with an effective concentration (EC 50) of 1.5 nM [1].

Substance P (1-9) is a nonapeptide that reduces the inactivation of substance P in the guinea-pig ileum and urinary bladder, and is responsible for various excitatory effects on central and peripheral neurons.

Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP) Guinea pig TFA, a trophic and mitogenic factor, promotes growth in cultured whole embryos and acts as a gastrointestinal hormone, while also indicating potential neurotransmitter functions [1] [2].

Peptide YY (pig), a 36-amino acid gastrointestinal peptide isolated from porcine duodenum, suppresses appetite and reduces food intake through activation of the Y2 receptor. Predominantly located in pancreatic endocrine cells, it influences intestinal motility and impacts the cardiovascular system [1] [2] [3].

Tritrpticin, an antimicrobial peptide originating from pig bone marrow, exhibits effectiveness against Aspergillus fumigatus and Candida albicans, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of 250 and 1000 μg/ml, respectively [1].

Valosin (porcine), a 25-amino-acid biologically active peptide, is recently isolated from pig intestine and utilized in digestive system research [1].

CCK (27-33) is a C-terminal fragment of CCK , a peptide hormone found in the intestine and brain that stimulates digestion, mediates satiety, and is involved in anxiety. Non-sulfated CCK (27-33) inhibits binding of [3H]naloxone in rat cerebellum membranes (IC50 = 4 uM) and inhibits electrically-stimulated contraction of isolated guinea pig ileum (IC50 = 17 uM), an effect that can be reversed by naloxone. Unlike sulfated CCK (27-33), the non-sulfated form does not reduce exploratory behavior in mice when administered at doses up to 1 uMol/kg.

PL-3994, a natriuretic peptide receptor-A (NPR-A) agonist resistant to neutral endopeptidase, functions as a bronchodilator, eliciting a concentration-dependent relaxation of pre-contracted guinea-pig trachea, evidenced by an IC50 of 42.7 nM [1].

Cell-permeable calmodulin (CaM) agonist that binds to the EF-hand/Ca2+-binding site; produces CaM-dependent activation of phosphodiesterase. Also binds to cytoplasmic sites on other Ca2+ channels, including NMDA and HIV-1 gp120-activated channels, inhibit

Neuropeptide Y (2-36) (porcine) is a pig-sourced peptide closely resembling its rat and human counterparts with 97.14% homology. It acts as an agonist for rat neuropeptide receptors Y5, Y2, and Y1, with EC50 values of 1.2, 1.6, and 3.4 nM, respectively. This compound is utilized in research on obesity and eating disorders [1].

Substance P (3-11), an SP fragment peptide capable of crossing the blood-brain barrier (BBB), induces contraction in guinea pig ileum and facilitates chemotaxis in human monocytes [1] [2] [5].

Galanin is a neuropeptide with diverse biological activities. [1][2][3][4][5] It binds to rat galanin (GAL) receptor subtypes GAL1-3 (IC50s = 0.339, 1.35, and 3.31 nM, respectively) and human GAL1-3 (IC50s = 0.288, 1.62, and 12.3 nM, respectively). [1] Galanin binds to and inhibits contraction of guinea pig gastric smooth muscle cells induced by carbachol . [2] In vivo, Galanin (6 nmol, i.c.v.) increases feeding behavior in rats and increases latency to hindpaw withdrawal in response to heat and mechanical stimulation in a rat model of carrageenin-induced inflammation when administered at a dose of 2 nmol injected into the nucleus accumbens.[3][4] Galanin (5 μg, i.c.v.) also inhibits acetylcholine release induced by scopolamine in the ventral hippocampus of freely moving rats. [5]