metal

Transferrins are iron binding transport proteins which can bind two Fe(3+) ions in association with the binding of an anion, usually bicarbonate. It is responsible for the transport of iron from sites of absorption and heme degradation to those of storage and utilization. Serum transferrin may also have a further role in stimulating cell proliferation. Transferrin Protein, Rat, Recombinant (His & KSI) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-6xHis-KSI tag. The predicted molecular weight is 89.9 kDa and the accession number is P12346.

Virulence factor that contributes to intimate adherence of enterohemorrhagic E.coli (EHEC) O157:H7 to host cells. Is able to cleave the secreted human mucin 7 (MUC7) and the glycoprotein 340 (DMBT1 GP340). Also cleaves human C1 inhibitor (SERPING1), a regulator of multiple inflammatory pathways, and binds and localizes it to bacterial and host cell surfaces, protecting them from complement-mediated lysis. Therefore, the current model proposes two roles for StcE during infection: it acts first as a mucinase, allowing passage of EHEC through the oral cavity by cleaving the salivary glycoproteins that are responsible for bacterial aggregation. Similarly, in the colon, StcE cleaves the glycoproteins that protect the intestinal epithelial surface, allowing EHEC to come into close contact with host cell membranes. Secondly, it acts as an anti-inflammatory agent by localizing SERPING1 to cell membranes.

Binds heavy metals. Contains three zinc and three copper atoms per polypeptide chain and only a negligible amount of cadmium. Inhibits survival and neurite formation of cortical neurons in vitro.

Confers resistance to the different beta-lactams antibiotics (penicillin, cephalosporin and carbapenem) via the hydrolysis of the beta-lactam ring. Does not confer resistance to the polymixin colistin or the fluoroquinolone ciprofloxacin.

Cleaves collagen, gelatin, casein, alpha-1-antitrypsin, and bovine insulin. May play a role in the pathogenesis of legionnaires disease.

Confers resistance to the different beta-lactams antibiotics (penicillin, cephalosporin and carbapenem) via the hydrolysis of the beta-lactam ring. Metallo-beta-lactamase type 2 Protein, Serratia marcescens, Recombinant (His & Myc) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-10xHis and C-Myc tag. The predicted molecular weight is 32.6 kDa and the accession number is P52699.

Seems to bind zinc and copper. Could play a special role in regulating zinc metabolism during the differentiation of stratified epithelia.

Zinc metalloproteinase aureolysin Protein, S. aureus, Recombinant (His & Myc) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-10xHis and C-Myc tag. The predicted molecular weight is 40.2 kDa and the accession number is P81177.

Zinc Finger Protein 70 (ZNF70) is a member of the krueppel C2H2-type zinc-finger protein family. ZFN70 is localized to the cell nucleus and contains eleven C2H2-type zinc fingers. ZFN70 has sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity, and it may be involved in transcriptional regulation. In addition, ZFN70 has the DNA-binding and metal-binding activity, which can bind zinc ion.

β-Lactamase-like Protein 2 (LACTB2) is a number of the metallo-beta-lactamase superfamily.LACTB2 also belongs to the Glyoxalase II family. LACTB2 is 288 amino acids long with 8 zinc-binding domains. The LACTB2 gene is expressed at high levels and annotates structural defects or features in 4 cDNA clones. LACTB2 proteins are expected to have hydrolase activity and metal ion-binding functions. LACTB2 protein is found to localize in mitochondrion. Other functions of LACTB2 is yet unknown.

Calcium calmodulin-dependent 3',5'-cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase 1B, also known as Cam-PDE 1B and PDE1B, is a cytoplasm protein that belongs to the cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase family and PDE1 subfamily. Phosphodiesterase-1A (PDE1A), Phosphodiesterase-1B (PDE1B), Phosphodiesterase-4B (PDE4B), and Phosphodiesterase-4A (PDE4A) are important regulators of signal transduction in striatum due to their catalysis of cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP. PDE1B is highly expressed in the striatum. It binds two divalent metal cations per subunit. Site one of PDE1B may preferentially bind zinc ions, while site two of PDE1B has a preference for magnesium and or manganese ions. PDE1B is a cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase with a dual-specificity for the second messengers cAMP and cGMP, which are key regulators of many important physiological processes. It has a preference for cGMP as a substrate.

Copper homeostasis protein cutC homolog, also known as CGI-32 and CUTC, is a cytoplasm and nucleus protein which belongs to theCutC family. CUTC may play a role in copper homeostasis. It can bind one Cu1+per subunit. Copper is an essential trace element to life and particularly plays a pivotal role in the physiology of aerobic organisms. Copper is a micronutrient that is required for proper metabolic functioning of most prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. To sustain an adequate supply of copper, a cell requires molecular mechanisms that control the metal content to avoid copper toxicity. This toxicity comes primarily from the reactivity of copper, which can lead to the generation of free radicals. In bacteria, two independent systems are responsible for maintaining the balance of copper within the cells ( Cop and Cut family proteins ). The Cut protein family is associated with copper homeostasis and involved in uptake, storage, delivery, and efflux of copper. CutC is a member of the Cut family and is suggested to be involved in efflux trafficking of cuprous ion. CutC is able to respond transcriptionally to copper and to participate in the control of copper homeostasis in E. faecalis.

MMGT1 (Membrane Magnesium Transporter 1, also known as EMC5 and TMEM32) is a Protein Coding gene. 2 alternatively spliced human isoforms have been reported. The encoded protein belongs to the membrane magnesium transporter (TC 1.A.67) family which is a group of magnesium transporters that are part of the TOG superfamily. It mediates Mg(2+) transport. MMGT1 is described as having 335 amino acids and five TMSs with an N-terminal cleavage site and some phosphorylation sites. It is widely expressed in the thyroid, bone marrow, and other tissues. Diseases associated with MMGT1 include Cercarial Dermatitis. Among its related pathways are the Transport of glucose and other sugars, bile salts and organic acids, metal ions and amine compounds, and Miscellaneous transport and binding events.

DPY30 domain containing 2 belongs to the dpy-30 family. Dumpy-30 family members act as determinants of male fertility and interaction partners of metal-responsive transcription factor 1 (MTF-1) in Drosophila. MTF-1 plays a key role in transition metal detoxification and homeostasis. It binds to metal response elements (MREs). Two candidate dMTF-1 interactors are related to the small regulatory protein Dumpy-30 (Dpy-30) of the worm C. elegans. Dpy-30 is the founding member of a protein family involved in chromatin modifications, notably histone methylation. Mutants affect mating type in yeast and male mating in C. elegans. As part of the MLL1 MLL complex, DPY30 domain containing 2 is involved in methylation and dimethylation at 'Lys-4' of histone H3. H3 'Lys-4' methylation represents a specific tag for epigenetic transcriptional activation. DPY30 domain containing 2 may also play an indirect or direct role in endosomal transport.

Along with the SLC30 family, SLC39 family members regulate zinc movement in cells. SLC39 metal ion transporters accumulate zinc into the cytosol. SLC39A6, also known as LIV-1, belongs to a new subfamily of Zrt, Irt-like protein zinc transporters (LZTs). It is involved in maintaining the intracellular homeostasis of zinc, an ion that is essential in the control of cellular growth and differentiation. SLC39A6 plays a critical role in maintaining zinc homeostasis, and was originally identified as an estrogen-induced gene in a breast cancer cell line. Generally, elevated SLC39A6 expression is reportedly related to cancer progression in other various types of cancer, including breast, prostate, pancreatic, cervical and liver cancers.