scavenger

Compound 8, a free radical scavenger, exhibits an IC50 value of 43.39 μg/ml in neutralizing the DPPH radical [1].

4-Chloro-3-nitrobenzoic acid is a nitric oxide scavenger and has been used to study the effects of nitric oxide on the cardiovascular system and the effects of nitric oxide on the immune system.

Ethyleneurea (Imidazolidinone) is used as a formaldehyde scavenger and intermediate.

Naringenin (NSC-11855) is a flavanone that is considered to have a bioactive effect on human health as antioxidant, free radical scavenger, antiinflammatory, carbohydrate metabolism promoter, immunity system modulater. This substance has also been shown to repair DNA.

(±)-Taxifolin ((±)-Dihydroquercetin) is the racemate of Taxifolin, a flavonoid commonly found in onion, silymarin, French maritime pine bark, and Douglas fir bark, with anti-tyrosinase and anti-fibrotic activity.Taxifolin is an inhibitor of collagenase, with an IC 50 value of 193.3 μM. Taxifolin is a free radical scavenger with antioxidant capacity.

Tempol (Tanol) is a superoxide scavenger. It has anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective and analgesic effects.

α-Vitamin E (Dexrabeprazole Sodium) is a naturally-occurring form of vitamin E, a fat-soluble vitamin with potent antioxidant properties.

MEG hemisulfate (Mercaptoethylguanidine hemisulfate) acts as a highly potent and selective suppressor of inducible NO synthase (iNOS), demonstrating EC50 values of 11.5 μM for iNOS, 110 μM for ecNOS, and 60 μM for bNOS in tissue homogenates. It is notably effective as a peroxynitrite scavenger and blocks peroxynitrite-triggered oxidative mechanisms. Furthermore, this compound offers protective benefits across various experimental inflammation prototypes, such as ischemia/reperfusion injury, hemorrhagic shock, periodontitis, inflammatory bowel disease, and both endotoxic and septic shock.

1. Oxyresveratro can inhibit tyrosinase activity. 2. Oxyresveratro is useful to trauma models, as toxicity to glia could be beneficial by inhibiting reactive gliosis. 3. Oxyresveratrol (trans-Oxyresveratrol) has antioxidant activity, can reduce neuronal oxidative damage and protect hepatocytes against oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction, which may be associated with activation of Nrf2.

5-Hydroxy-1-methylhydantoin (HD-003) is an antioxidant potentially for the treatment of renal failure. A creatinine metabolite, 5-Hydroxy-1-methylhydantoin , a hydroxyl radical scavenger, has previously been shown to confer renoprotection by inhibiting the progression of chronic kidney disease in rats. 5-Hydroxy-1-methylhydantoin is a novel anti-oxidant drug completely suppressed the expression of B2-kinin receptors (B2KR) in response to high glucose (25 mM) stimulation in VSMC and was also shown to attenuate the effects of BK on VSMC remodeling. 5-Hydroxy-1-methylhydantoin inhibited the BK-induced increase in MAPK phosphorylation and attenuated the increase in connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) protein levels in VSMC. These findings suggest that 5-Hydroxy-1-methylhydantoin may confer vascular protection against high glucose concentrations and BK-stimulation to ameliorate vascular injury and remodeling through its anti-oxidant properties.

HDL376 (SDZ HDL376) is a scavenger receptor BI inhibitor.

4-Chloro-4'-hydroxybenzophenone inhibits tyrosinase and also acts as a free radical scavenger or antioxidant, reducing lipid and protein oxidation.

AD 0261 is a radical scavenger. It has a strong inhibitory action on the generation of lipid peroxides and superoxide anions.

Samwirin A is a promising radical scavenger in aqueous media at physiological pH.

Sinapinic Acid (Synapoic acid) protects the rat liver from CCl4-induced inflammation, most likely by acting as a free radical scavenger and modulator of NF-κB p65 activation and proinflammatory cytokine expression. Sinapic acid with antioxidant role protects cardiac cells and its functions from I/R induced oxidative stress. Sinapic acid is a potentially useful agent for the protection against liver fibrosis and cirrhosis. Sinapic acid prevents the alterations in the levels of lipids and lipoproteins by virtue of its anti-lipidaemic effect in isoproterenol induced myocardial infarcted rats. Sinapic acid ameliorates hyperglycemia through PLC-PKC signals to enhance the glucose utilization in diabetic rats.

Edaravone (MCI-186) is a potent new free radical scavenger used for the therapy of patients with acute brain infarction.

Latifolin is a strong DPPH-scavenger, it attenuates inflammatory responses by inhibiting NF-κB activation via Nrf2-mediated heme oxygenase-1 expression. Latifolin displays potent anticarcinogenic phase II marker enzyme, quinone reductase (QR) inducing activity and high chemopreventive indices. Latifolin also shows antifungal activity against white- and brown-rot fungi.

Myzodendrone is a highly effective as free radical scavenger.

XJB-5-131 is a synthetic, bi-functional antioxidant specifically designed to target mitochondria for the scavenging of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and electrons, thereby acting as a radical scavenger. Additionally, it serves as an effective protector and mitigator against ionizing irradiation for cord blood mononuclear cells (CB MNCs).

GKT136901 (AK120765) is an inhibitor of NOX1/4.It acts as Selective and Direct Scavenger of Peroxynitrite

Oxidized low-density lipoprotien (oxLDL) particles contain low molecular weight species which are cytotoxic and pro-atherogenic. Many of these substances were recently isolated and purified from oxLDL, and identified as phosphatidylcholine species containing a fragmented, oxidized short-chain fatty acid remnant at the sn-2 position. 1-(Palmitoyl)-2-(5-oxovaleroyl)-phosphatidylcholine, or POV-PC, is one of the oxLDL species derived from 2-arachidonoyl or eicosapentanoyl phospholipids. POV-PC confers CD36 scavenger receptor binding affinity more potently than any hydroperoxy PC species, and may be one of the more important structural determinants of oxLDL. Treatment of cultured endothelial cells with POV-PC stimulates monocyte binding, stimulates intracellular cAMP production, and strongly inhibits the LPS-induced binding of neutrophils.

Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) particles contain low molecular weight species which are cytotoxic and pro-atherogenic. Many of these substances were recently isolated and purified from oxLDL, and identified as phosphatidylcholine species containing a fragmented, oxidized short-chain fatty acid remnant at the sn-2 position. KDdiA-PC is one of the most potent CD36 ligands among the oxLDL species. KDdiA-PC confers CD-36 scavenger receptor binding affinity to LDL at a frequency of only two to three KDdiA-PC molecules/LDL particle, and may be one of the more important structural determinants of oxLDL.

(-)-Taxifolin is the less active enantiomer of Taxifolin, demonstrating vital anti-tyrosinase activity and notable inhibition against collagenase (IC50 = 193.3 μM). It is valued as an essential natural compound showing antifibrotic potential, while also acting as a capable free radical scavenger and possessing antioxidant capacity.

Edaravone, a novel and potent free radical scavenger, effectively prevents MMP-9-related brain hemorrhage in rats treated with tissue plasminogen activator. Its deuterium-labeled variant, Edaravone D5, retains the original compound's attributes while offering isotopic labeling benefits.

Zovostotug is a monoclonal antibody (mAb) targeting the human CD163, specifically the scavenger receptor cysteine-rich (SRCR) type 1 M130 domain [1].

Valziflocept (BAX1810; TAK-752) is a recombinant soluble human FcγRIIb receptor designed to act as a decoy or scavenger by targeting Fc and FcγR, binding and neutralizing pathogenic IgG. Its utility lies in mitigating the impact of autoimmune diseases, making it a focus in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) research [1].

1-Palmitoyl-2-succinyl-sn-glycerophosphorylcholine, a glycerophosphorylcholine derivative, comprises glycerol phosphate, choline, and palmitic acid and accumulates at oxidative stress sites in vivo. It potentially acts as a ligand for scavenger receptors class B, akin to oxidized phospholipids oxPC(CD36), which are established potent ligands for receptors CD36 and SR-BI. These oxidized phospholipids also play a pivotal role in promoting tumor apoptosis and may present in higher concentrations within malignant biliary strictures [1] [2].

Kushenol C is a good 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenger, and it exhibits inhibitory activity against Sodium-dependent glucose cotransporter 2(SGLT2). Kushenol C shows antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus mutan

N-Acetyl-L-methionine (N-Acetylmethionine) is an L-methionine derivative that is nutritionally and metabolically equivalent to L-methionine. It is a superior ROS scavenger.

MnTBAP chloride (Mn(III)TBAP) is a cell-permeable superoxide dismutase (SOD) mimetic and peroxynitrite scavenger that reduces the doubling time of SOD-E. coli by a factor of 2. MnTBAP chloride exhibits anti-inflammatory effects through upregulation of BMPR-II and inhibition of NFκB signaling. mnTBAP chloride is a manganese porphyrin complex with antioxidant properties and has potential for use in the study of fibrotic responses in chronic kidney diseases (CKDs).

Mercaptoethylguanidine (MEG) dihydrobromide is a selective inducible nitric oxide synthase inhibitor and peroxynitrite scavenger with potential for inflammatory bowel diseases research.

BLT-3 is a novel scavenger receptor BI (SR-BI) inhibitor.

p-Benzoquinone-d4 is a deuterated compound of p-Benzoquinone. p-Benzoquinone has a CAS number of 106-51-4. p-Benzoquinone is a superoxide scavenger. p-Benzoquinone is a toxic metabolite found in human blood.

N,N'-Dimethylthiourea (DMTU) (DMTU), isolated from Allii Sativi Bulbus, is an orally active scavenger of hydroxyl radical ( OH) and blocks OH production by activated neutrophils in vitro. N,N'-Dimethylthiourea protects against water-immersion restraint stress (WIRS)-induced gastric mucosal lesions in rats by exerting its antioxidant action including OH scavenging and anti-inflammatory action [1][2] .

Pratensein as a novel transcriptional up-regulator of scavenger receptor class B type I in HepG2 cells.

NecroX-7 (LC-280126) is a potent free radical scavenger and a HMGB1 (high-mobility group box 1) inhibitor. NecroX-7 can be used as an antidote to acetaminophen toxicity. NecroX-7 exerts a protective effect by preventing the release of HMGB1 in ischemia/reperfusion injury. Additionally, NecroX-7 inhibits the HMGB1-induced release of TNF and IL-6, as well as the expression of TLR-4 and receptor for advanced glycation end products. NecroX-7 may be use for treatment of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) research [1].

Acloproxalap is a quinoline-based aldehyde scavenger that can be used in studies of diseases with toxic aldehyde accumulation, such as inflammatory diseases of the eye and skin, respiratory diseases such as pneumonia, organ diseases, and syndromes associated with viral infections[1] [2].

Tempone is an aminooxyalkane that acts as a free radical scavenger and reacts with reactive oxygen species (ROS). Intravenous Tempone reduces mean arterial pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats.

N-tert-butyl-α-Phenylnitrone ((Z)-N-benzylidene-2-Methylpropan-2-aMine oxide) inhibits COX2 catalytic activity. N-tert-butyl-α-Phenylnitrone((Z)-N-benzylidene-2-Methylpropan-2-aMine oxide) possesses potent reactive oxygen species scavenging, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, anti-aging, and anti-diabetic activities, and can penetrate the blood-brain barrier.

Naringenin-d4 is a deuterated compound of Naringenin. Naringenin has a CAS number of 480-41-1. Naringenin is a flavanone that is considered to have a bioactive effect on human health as antioxidant, free radical scavenger, antiinflammatory, carbohydrate metabolism promoter, immunity system modulater. This substance has also been shown to repair DNA.

(+)-Catechin Hydrate is an antioxidant flavonoid of plant origin; a free radical scavenger, preventing free radical-mediated damage in a variety of biological systems.

N,N′-Diferuloylputrescine acts as a pigment inhibitor, showing a 57% reduction in pigmentation. It also considerably diminishes the protein expression of MITF and displays potent antioxidant properties as a radical scavenger against reactive oxygen species [1].

LIH383 is a peptide agonist specifically designed to activate the chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 7 (CXCR7), which functions both as a chemokine and an opioid peptide scavenger receptor. Demonstrating a high selectivity, LIH383 activates CXCR7 with an effective concentration (EC50) of 0.61 nM, showing significantly lower affinity towards μ-, δ-, and κ-opioid receptors, as well as the nociceptin opioid peptide (NOP) receptor, even at concentrations of 3 µM in β-arrestin recruitment assays. Furthermore, at a concentration of 3 µM, LIH383 effectively inhibits the uptake of opioid peptides by CXCR7, a process normally induced by dynorphin A, a non-selective opioid receptor agonist, in U87-ACKR3 cells.

6-PPD, a substituted p-phenylenediamine, functions as an ozone scavenger by forming nitroxyl radicals. It impacts zebrafish embryos by decreasing hatchability by 25.6% and 78.9% at concentrations of 0.022 mg/L and 0.22 mg/L, respectively. Additionally, 6-PPD reduces embryo motility and body length, and induces developmental malformations and oxidative stress. Its use in rubber formulations as stabilizing additives and antiozonants has been established.

Sodium 2-oxopropanoate (Sodium pyruvate) is a antioxidant potentially used to treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Tempo (2,2,6,6-Tetramethylpiperidinooxy) has a wide range of applications including use as a free radical scavenger, a reagent in organic synthesis and as a structural probe in electron spin resonance spectroscopy.

BLT-1 is a scavenger receptor BI (SR-BI)inhibitor.

Trans-Clovamide (trans-Clovamide) is a naturally occurring caffeoyl conjugate identified in the antioxidant polyphenolic fraction of cocoa (T. cacao L.) Trans-Clovamide is a potent antioxidantand that has shown neuroprotective effects (EC50s = 0.9-3.7 µM) in several in vitro models of neuronal death. Trans-Clovamide is an excellent ROS and oxygen radical scavenger and also has anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects. Clovamide is an anti-microbial with activity against the human pathogens influenza A subtype H5N1, Trypanosoma evansi, and Heliobacter pylori.

Carazostatin is an antioxidant, free radical scavenger, and potent lipid peroxidation inhibitor.

Quercetin-3-O-sophoroside is a scavenger of superoxide anion isolated from the flowers of A. venetum.