β-Arrestin-1 (ARRB1) is a cytoplasmic protein that belongs to the arrestin family. ARRB1 is expressed at high levels in peripheral blood leukocytes and the central nervous system. ARRB1 regulates agonist-mediated G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling by mediating both receptor desensitization and resensitization processes. ARRB1 acts as a cofactor in the beta-adrenergic receptor kinase (BARK) mediated desensitization of beta-adrenergic receptors. ARRB1 is believed to play a major role in regulating receptor-mediated immune functions. ARRB1 is involved in Toll-like receptor and IL-1 receptor signaling through the interaction with TRAF6.

Binds to photoactivated, phosphorylated RHO and terminates RHO signaling via G-proteins by competing with G-proteins for the same binding site on RHO. May play a role in preventing light-dependent degeneration of retinal photoreceptor cells. SAG Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) is expressed in yeast with N-6xHis tag. The predicted molecular weight is 47.1 kDa and the accession number is P10523.

Mouse Cxcl12 is a secreted and highly conserved protein which belongs to the intercrine alpha (chemokine CxC) family.CXCL12 is widely expressed in various organs including brain, kidney, skeletal muscle, heart, liver, and lymphoid organs. Cxcl12 activates the C-X-C chemokine receptor CXCR4 to induce a rapid and transient rise in the level of intracellular calcium ions and chemotaxis. It also binds to atypical chemokine receptor ACKR3 which activates the beta-arrestin pathway and acts as a scavenger receptor for SDF-1. Cxcl12 has several critical functions during embryonic development such as B-cell lymphopoiesis, myelopoiesis in bone marrow and heart ventricular septum formation. Cxcl12 plays an important role in acting as a positive regulator of monocyte migration and a negative regulator of monocyte adhesion via the LYN kinase. It stimulates migration of monocytes and T-lymphocytes through its receptors, CXCR4 and ACKR3, and decreases monocyte adherence to surfaces coated with ICAM-1, a ligand for beta-2 integrins. SDF1A/CXCR4 signaling axis inhibits beta-2 integrin LFA-1 mediated adhesion of monocytes to ICAM-1 through LYN kinase. It also plays a protective role after myocardial infarction, induces down-regulation and internalization of ACKR3 expressed in various cells and stimulates the proliferation of bone marrow-derived b progenitor cells in the presence of IL-7 as well as growth of the stromal cell-dependent B-cell clone DW34 cells.

Receptor for chemoattractant adipokine chemerin/RARRES2 suggesting a role for this receptor in the regulation of inflammation and energy homesotasis. Signals mainly via beta-arrestin pathway. Binding of RARRES2 activates weakly G proteins, calcium mobilization and MAPK1/MAPK3 (ERK1/2) phosphorylation too. Acts also as a receptor for TAFA1, mediates its effects on neuronal stem-cell proliferation and differentiation via the activation of ROCK/ERK and ROCK/STAT3 signaling pathway.

Photoreceptor required for image-forming vision at low light intensity. Required for photoreceptor cell viability after birth. Light-induced isomerization of 11-cis to all-trans retinal triggers a conformational change that activates signaling via G-proteins. Subsequent receptor phosphorylation mediates displacement of the bound G-protein alpha subunit by the arrestin SAG and terminates signaling. Rhodopsin Protein, Pig, Recombinant (GST & His) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-6xHis-GST tag. The predicted molecular weight is 34.2 kDa and the accession number is O18766.

Photoreceptor required for image-forming vision at low light intensity. Required for photoreceptor cell viability after birth. Light-induced isomerization of 11-cis to all-trans retinal triggers a conformational change that activates signaling via G-proteins. Subsequent receptor phosphorylation mediates displacement of the bound G-protein alpha subunit by the arrestin SAG and terminates signaling. Rhodopsin Protein, Bovine, Recombinant (His) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-6xHis tag. The predicted molecular weight is 45.0 kDa and the accession number is P02699.

Photoreceptor required for image-forming vision at low light intensity. Required for photoreceptor cell viability after birth. Light-induced isomerization of 11-cis to all-trans retinal triggers a conformational change that activates signaling via G-proteins. Subsequent receptor phosphorylation mediates displacement of the bound G-protein alpha subunit by the arrestin SAG and terminates signaling. Rhodopsin Protein, Bovine, Recombinant (His & KSI) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-6xHis-KSI tag. The predicted molecular weight is 19.5 kDa and the accession number is P02699.

Photoreceptor required for image-forming vision at low light intensity. Required for photoreceptor cell viability after birth. Light-induced isomerization of 11-cis to all-trans retinal triggers a conformational change that activates signaling via G-proteins. Subsequent receptor phosphorylation mediates displacement of the bound G-protein alpha subunit by the arrestin SAG and terminates signaling. Rhodopsin Protein, Pig, Recombinant (GST) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-GST tag. The predicted molecular weight is 31.2 kDa and the accession number is O18766.