inflammatory pain

Diclofenac Potassium (CGP-45840B) is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug taken to reduce inflammation and as an analgesic reducing pain in certain conditions.

6-Methoxyflavanone (6-MeOF) is A positive allosteric modulator of the GABA response of human recombinant GABA A receptor, with antianxiety and anti-inflammatory activity, and can be used to reduce cisplatin induced neuropathic pain.

Amlexanox (AA673) is an anti-aphthous ulcer drug. Amlexanox inhibits the synthesis and release of inflammatory mediators, including leukotrienes and histamine, from mast cells, neutrophils, and mononuclear cells. Amlexanox also acts as a leukotriene D4 antagonist and a phosphodiesterase inhibitor. Amlexanox decreases the time ulcers take to heal as well as the pain associated with the ulcers.

Hemopressin (rat) acetate is a nonapeptide derived from the α1-chain of hemoglobin, is originally isolated from rat brain homogenates. Hemopressin is orally active, selective and inverse agonist of CB2 cannabinoid receptors. Hemopressin exerts antinocicep

JNJ-26990990 is a broad-spectrum anticonvulsant drug as a second-generation followup to the marketed drug topiramate. It was designed to have the same anticonvulsant effects as topiramate, but without the side effects associated with topiramate's carbonic

WAY-311610 is an 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase HSD11B1 inhibitor that inhibits the 11β-HSD1 enzyme with an IC = 0.34 μM.It can be used to study neuropathic pain, inflammatory pain, and occipital neuralgia.

Acetyl tetrapeptide-15 Acetate (Skinasensyl Acetate), a synthetic peptide used in cosmetic products for sensitive skin, is an endomorphin-2 derivative that extends the range of neuronal excitability thresholds in the μ-opioid receptor via an endorphin-like pathway, and can be used to study inflammatory and neuropathic pain produced by skin hyperreactivity. Inflammatory and neuropathic pain produced by skin hyperresponsiveness.

Droxicam (Droxicamum) is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory compound and can be used for research on the relief of inflammation and pain in musculoskeletal disorders.

DL-Syringaresinol ( (±)-Syringaresinol) is a lignan from ginseng berries with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, analgesic and weak anti-mycobacterial activities.DL-Syringaresinol can delay oxidative stress-induced skin aging through autophagy, alleviate oxaliplatin-induced neuropathic pain and sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction by inhibiting inflammatory responses. neuropathic pain and sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction by inhibiting inflammatory responses.

MK-4409 is a novel and selective inhibitor of oxazole fatty acid amide hydrolase FAAH.MK-4409 can be used to study inflammatory and neuropathic pain.

Anti-Inflammatory Peptide 1 Acetate (C45H82N12O14S2) possesses a potent anti-inflammatory activity in vivo and is a strong inhibitor of phospholipase A2 (PLA2), whose increased presence and activity results in inflammation and pain at certain bodily sites

Floctafenine (R-4318) is an orally available nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory compound that is a COX-I and COX-2 inhibitor and interferes with the antiplatelet effects of aspirin.Floctafenine has analgesic activity and is used in the study of pain.

6-Hydroxyflavanone, extracted from the leaves of Acorus calamus, exhibits anti-inflammatory and anti-neuropathic pain activity by targeting cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX), as well as opioid and GABA-A receptors. 6-Hydroxyflavanone has anti-injury sensory properties in a streptozotocin-induced diabetic neuropathy model. in a streptozotocin-induced diabetic neuropathy model with anti-injury sensory properties.

Hemopressin (human, mouse) acetate is a nonapeptide derived from the α1-chain of hemoglobin, is originally isolated from rat brain homogenates. Hemopressin is orally active, selective and inverse agonist of CB1 cannabinoid receptors. Hemopressin exerts an

GAT107 is a novel and potent α7 nicotinic cholinergic receptor modifier agonist and modulator with anti-inflammatory activity that reverses injury perception in a mouse model of neuropathic pain.

Acetyl Hexapeptide-49 Acetate solution ameliorates the discomfort of nagging pain and itch occurring in sensitive skin as a result of PAR-2-induced release of pro-inflammatory mediators, besides restoring the damaged barrier integrity.

Nav1.8-IN-1 (CHEMBL1270208) is an inhibitor of human NaV1.8

Lanepitant 2HCl is a non-peptide neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist with analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity.Lanepitant 2HCl inhibits the binding of Substance P to the neurokinin-1 receptor, inhibits neurogenic inflammation and pain transmission, and can be used in the study of painful neuropathic disorders, such as migraines.

EC5026 (BPN-19186) has the potential to relieve pain by stabilizing natural analgesic and anti-inflammatory mediators.

ADR-851 HCl is an HT3 receptor antagonist. It works against mechanical, acute thermal, and formalin-induced inflammatory pain.

PF 04531083 is a selective blocker of the NaV1.8 channel. PF 04531083 can be used for neuropathic and inflammatory pain studies.

Propentofylline (Hextol) is a methylxanthine derivative with neuroprotective, antiproliferative, and anti-inflammatory activity and enhanced synaptic adenosine signaling, which may be useful in the study of Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, cognitive impairment, dementia, and chronic pain.

Etofenamate is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) used for the treatment of joint and muscular pain.

1. Poncirin (Isosakuranetin-7-neohesperidoside) shows a significant in vitro inhibitory effect on the growth of the human gastric cancer cells, SGC-791, in a dose-dependent manner. 2. Poncirin prevents adipogenesis, enhances osteoblast differentiation in mesenchymal stem cellsincreased bone mineral density, and improves trabecular microarchitecture likely reflect increases bone formation and decreases bone resorption in GIO mice.

Gardenoside has hepatoprotective, pain‑relieving, and anti-mastitis effects. it may be a potential therapeutic herb against NASH by suppressed supernatant inflammatory cytokine production and intracellular NFkB activity. Gardenoside may be considere

Bay 59-3074 is a CB1/CB2 receptor partial agonist (Ki: 48.3/45.5 nM). In rat models of chronic neuropathic and inflammatory pain, it displays anti-hyperalgesic and antiallodynic properties.

A-740003 (A 740003) is an effective and specific P2X7 receptor antagonist (IC50: 18/40 nM, for rat/human). It can reduce nociception in animal models of persistent neuropathic and inflammatory pain, and also reduce neuroblastoma tumor growth in mice.

Celecoxib (SC 58635) is a Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drug. The mechanism of action of celecoxib is as a Cyclooxygenase Inhibitor.

Parcetasal (MR-897) is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent that can be used in pain relief studies.

Docosahexaenoic acid is the most abundant ω-3 fatty acid in neural tissues, especially in the brain and retina. (±)7(8)-EpDPA is an epoxide derivative of DHA that is generated by the action of cytochrome P450 epoxygenases. It is naturally occurring in plasma and brain and spinal cord tissues and is increased following dietary supplementation with ω-3 fatty acids. (±)7(8)-EpDPA and other epoxy metabolites of DHA modulate receptor and channel activities to evoke diverse effects, such as promoting vasodilation, inhibiting angiogenesis, and decreasing inflammatory and neuropathic pain. (±)7(8)-EpDPA is a substrate of soluble epoxide hydrolase (KM = 15 μM), which converts it to the corresponding diol.

Adenosine A1 receptor activator T62 is an allosteric enhancer of adenosine A1 receptor, and it produces antinociception in animal models of acute pain and also reduces hypersensitivity in models of inflammatory and nerve-injury pain[1][2][3].

Cytochrome P450 metabolism of polyunsaturated fatty acids produces numerous bioactive epoxide regioisomers. (±)13(14)-EpDPA is a docosahexaenoic acid epoxygenase metabolite, derived via epoxidation of the 13,14-double bond of DHA. It has been detected in rat brain and spinal cord and is a preferred substrate for soluble epoxide hydrolase with a Km value of 3.2 μM. (±)13(14)-EpDPA demonstrates antihyperalgesic activity in inflammatory and neuropathic pain models. (±)13(14)-EpDPA and other epoxy metabolites of DHA are also reported to potently inhibit angiogenesis and tumor growth in in vitro assays.

IL-1β-IN-1, a cannabidiol derivative, acts as a potent inhibitor of IL-1β, exhibiting significant anti-inflammatory and pain relief properties [1].

M-5011 is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug and immunomodulator potentially for the treatment of inflammation and pain. M-5011 had an effective antinociceptive activity (ED50 value) of 0.63 mg/kg. M-5011 partially inhibits the generalized bone loss a

Capillarisin is a novel blocker of STAT3 activation and thus may have a potential in negative regulation of growth, metastasis, and chemoresistance of tumor cells, it inhibits cancer cell growth of osteosarcoma cells by inducing apoptosis accompanied with

Cytochrome P450 metabolism of polyunsaturated fatty acids produces numerous bioactive epoxide regioisomers. (±)10(11)-EpDPA is a docosahexaenoic acid epoxygenase metabolite, derived via epoxidation of the 10,11-double bond of DHA. It has been detected in rat brain and spinal cord, as well as human serum, and acts as a substrate for soluble epoxide hydrolase with a Km value of 5.1 μM. (±)10(11)-EpDPA and other epoxy metabolites of DHA are reported to demonstrate antihyperalgesic activity in inflammatory and neuropathic pain models and to potently inhibit angiogenesis and tumor growth in in vitro assays.

Clonixin (Clonixic acid) is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) with analgesic properties. This compound has been reported to block prostaglandin synthesis, and to block inward calcium currents.

Acid-sensing ion channel 3 (ASIC3) channel blocker (IC50 values are 63 and 175 nM for homomeric rat and human ASIC3 channels). Also inhibits NaV1.8 and NaV1.2 channels (IC50 values are 55 and 114 nM respectively). Demonstrates analgesic properties against

Opiranserin (VVZ-149) hydrochloride is a dual antagonist of glycine transporter type 2 (GlyT2) and serotonin receptor 2A (5HT2A), with IC50s of 0.86 and 1.3 μM, respectively. It shows antagonistic activity on rP2X3 (IC50=0.87 μM). It is development as an injectable agent for the treatment of postoperative pain.

Tiaprofenic acid (Acido tiaprofenico) is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug used to treat pain, especially arthritic pain.

Bumadizone is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) and can relieve pain.

JTS-653 is a potent and selective in vitro and in vivo antagonist of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1). It effectively attenuates chronic pain resistant to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

1. Methyl eugenol (4-allylveratrole) is a natural constituent of the essential oils of a number of plants widely used in foodstuffs as flavouring agents, in view of the carcinogenic potential of ME, the need to check its presence in food products with effective analytical methods. 2. Methyleugenol has insecticidal properties. 3. Methyleugenol can inhibit the production of nitric oxide and decreased the protein expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase, it down-regulates the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the ischemic brain as well as in immunostimulated mixed glial cells; indicates that methyleugenol could be useful for the treatment of ischemia/inflammation-related diseases. 4. Methyleugenol has cytotoxicity and genotoxicity. 5. Intravenous (i.v.) treatment with methyleugenol (ME) in either anesthetized or conscious rats elicits hypotension, an effect that seems related to an active vascular relaxation rather than withdrawal of sympathetic tone. 6. Methyleugenol has antinociceptive effect on the second phase of formalin-induced pain, may be due to the inhibition of N-methyl-d-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptor-mediated hyperalgesia via GABA(A) receptors. 7. Methyleugenol has elaxant and antispasmodic actions on guinea-pig isolated ileum.

IL-1β-IN-2, a cannabigerol derivative, serves as a potent inhibitor of IL-1β, exhibiting anti-inflammatory and pain-resolving properties [1].

PDE7-IN-3 (Example 2) serves as an inhibitor of phosphodiesterase PDE7 and exhibits potential analgesic properties. It is applicable in the research of various pain types including inflammatory, neuropathic, visceral, and nociceptive pain [1].

CM398 is an orally active chemical compound that acts as a highly selective ligand for the sigma-2 receptor (K i =0.43 nM), demonstrating a significant ratio of selectivity between sigma-1 and sigma-2 receptors (1000-fold). Moreover, CM398 exhibits notable affinity towards dopamine (K i =32.90 nM) and serotonin transporters (K i =244.2 nM). In addition, CM398 has shown promising efficacy as an anti-inflammatory analgesic in a mouse model of inflammatory pain induced by formalin [1].

Strictosamide possesses antibacterial and antiviral activities, it also may have important effects on inflammation and inflammatory pain.

ZLc-002 is a selective small-molecule inhibitor of nNOS-Capon coupling. ZLc-002 suppresses inflammatory nociception and chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain. ZLc-002 can be used in anxiety disorder and inflammation research[1] [2] [3].

(Rac)-ZLc-002 is a compound that inhibits the interaction between neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) and the nitric oxide synthase 1 adaptor protein (NOS1AP), effectively reducing inflammatory pain and chemotherapy-induced neuropathic discomfort. Additionally, it enhances the efficacy of Paclitaxel in decreasing tumor cell viability [1] [2].

Hemopressin(rat) TFA, a nonapeptide originating from the α1-chain of hemoglobin, was first isolated from rat brain homogenates. It acts as an orally active, selective, and inverse agonist of the CB1 cannabinoid receptors and demonstrates antinociceptive effects in models of inflammatory pain [1] [2].

β-CGRP, human ,a 37-amino acid peptide,is the beta form of Calcitonin-gene-related peptide (β-CGRP), involved extensively in regulation of the cardiovascular and nervous systems. β-CGRP contains a disulphide bridge at the N-terminus, a C-terminal phenylal