oxygen-induced

Echinatin (Retrochalcone) disturb the mitochondrial energy transfer reactions and membrane permeability, at a low concentration cause deterioration of respiratory control and oxidative phosphorylation of isolated rat liver mitochondria, inhibits DNP-ATPase activity while stimulating range latent ATPase activity. Echinatin has significant antioxidant activities, it shows strong scavenging activity toward the ABTS + radical, it also dose-dependently inhibits LPS induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in RAW 264.7 cells and inhibits the production of nitric oxide (NO), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in LPS-induced macrophage cells.

1. Farrerol has antioxidative activity.2. Farrerol modulates TAP and BNBD5 gene expression in mammary gland, enhances bMEC defense against S. aureus infection and could be useful in protection against bovine mastitis. 3. Farrerol inactivates KEAP-1 or act

Vanillyl Alcohol (3-Methoxy-4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol) possesses anti-angiogenic, anticonvulsive, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, neuroprotective, and anti-nociceptive activities. Vanillyl alcohol can effectively inhibit the cytotoxicity and improved cell viability in 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+)-induced MN9D dopaminergic cells, it also can attenuate the elevation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, decrease in the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase proteolysis.

Cimidahurinine can attenuate Doxorubicin (DOX)-induced cardiotoxicity in a dose-dependent manner with EC50 values of 45.79 uM; it protects against cardiotoxicity by decreasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and downregulating apoptosis-related Bax/Bcl-2 proteins.

Aralosides possess protective effect against experimental myocardial ischemia and infarction, the mechanism of myocardial protection may be attributed to the amelioration of FFA metabolic deterioration and membrane peroxidation induced by oxygen free radi

Dehydroglyasperin C is a potent NAD(P)H:oxidoquinone reductase (NQO1) and phase 2 enzyme inducer. Dehydroglyasperin C possesses potent antioxidant, cancer chemopreventive, and neuroprotective activities, it has protective effects against chronic diseases

Selaginellin has a neuroprotective effect against L-glutamate-induced neurotoxicity through mechanisms related to anti-oxidation and anti-apoptosis via scavenging reactive oxygen species and up-regulating the expression of klotho gene. Selaginellin shows

Grifolin has anti-cancer effects, it induces apoptosis and promotes cell cycle arrest in the A2780 human ovarian cancer cell line via inactivation of the ERK1/2 and Akt pathways; it enhances the differentiation and proliferation of oligodendrocyte precurs

Dammarenediol II may have the ability to prevent diabetic microvascular complications, including diabetic retinopathy, it can inhibit vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-induced intracellular reactive oxygen species generation and stress fiber forma

Eupatorin has antiproliferative and antiangiogenic effects. Eupatorin has antiproliferative and cytostatic effects on MDA-MB-468 human breast cancer cells due to CYP1-mediated metabolism. Eupatorin-induced cell death is mediated by both the extrinsic and

Monomethyl lithospermate (Lithospermic acid monomethyl ester) has potential antiviral activity, alleviating ischemic stroke injury in vivo in middle cerebral artery occlusion mice by activating PI5K/Akt signaling and protecting oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation-induced SHSY-3Y cells in vitro. Monomethyl lithospermate could improve the viability of SHSY-5Y cells, inhibit mitochondrial membrane potential (MMOP) collapse, and inhibit cell apoptosis. Monomethyl lithospermate also reduced the level of oxidative stress in the brain tissue of middle artery occlusion (MCAO) rats and improved nerve damage in ischemic stroke (IS) rats.

1. Albiflorin (Alibiflorin) has anticonvulsant effect for pain relief. 2. Albiflorin and paeoniflorin has neuroprotective action against Glu toxicity. 3. Albiflorin and paeoniflorin significantly ameliorated Glu-induced reduction of cell viability, nuclear and mitochondrial apoptotic alteration, reactive oxygen species accumulation and B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2)/Bax ratio. 4. Albiflorin can serve as a new chemical marker for the quality control of Paeoniae Radix and the Chinese Pharmacopoeia can be updated, via has similar anti-inflammatory effects to paeoniflorin.

gamma-Linolenic acid (gamolenic acid), is an unsaturated fatty acid synthesized from linoleic acid (LA) by the enzyme delta-6-desaturase. Research on hepatocellular cell lines has shown γ-Linolenic Acid to have induced reactive oxygen species generation including lipid peroxidation, cell growth inhibition, and heme oxygenase-1 production for antioxidant protection against oxidative stress. Further experiments have noted that γ-Linolenic acid inhibits inflammatory responses through inactivation of NFκB and activator protein-1 by suppressed oxidative stress.

Agrimonolide, a compound derived from isocoumarins and found mainly in the herb Agrimonia pilosa Ledeb, has significant biological activity. agrimonolide exerts anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced activation of JAK-STATs and p38 MAPKs signaling pathways. Agrimonolide and its derivative, desmethyl agonolide, have been shown to be effective in increasing insulin-mediated glycogen levels in hepatocytes and may play a key role in regulating insulin-resistant HepG2 cells. agrimonolide exhibits inhibitory effects on cancer progression and induction of cell death and apoptosis by targeting SCD1 in ovarian cancer cells. In particular, Agrimonolide exhibited a dose-dependent inhibition of proliferation, migration and invasion of A2780 and SKOV-3 cells, while promoting apoptosis. The compound was also found to induce iron-mediated cell death while increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and total iron levels.Agrimonolide readily crosses the blood-brain barrier, suggesting its potential for therapeutic applications in neurological disorders.

Hinokiresinol is a novel inhibitor of LTB4 binding to the human neutrophils, it has antiallergic effect, it inhibits IgE-induced mouse passive cutaneous anaphylaxis reaction. Hinokiresinol (trans-hinokiresinol) and nyasol (cis-hinokiresinol) are estrogen

4-Allylcatechol (Hydroxychavicol) has antioxidant activity, it has protective activity against the photosensitization-induced damage to lipids and proteins of rat liver mitochondria, which attributes to its free radical and singlet oxygen scavenging properties.

Acetyl-L-carnitine hydrochloride (Acetyl L-carnitine hydrochloride) is a nutritional supplement composed of the hydrochloride salt form of the acetylated form of the endogenously produced L-carnitine, with potential neuroprotective, cognitive-enhancing, anti-depressive and immunomodulating activities. It may also relieve peripheral neuropathy induced by chemotherapy, diabetes or other diseases. In addition, acetyl-L-carnitine may modulate the immune response by increasing T-lymphocytes maturation and may downregulate pro-inflammatory cytokines in response to viruses, such as SARS-CoV-2. It may also disrupt the ACE2 signaling pathway and inhibit the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS).

Barlerin (8-O-Acetylshanzhiside methyl ester) has potential against cerebral ischemic injury, and its protective effect on oxygen-glucose deprivation-induced injury might be due to the suppression of intracellular Ca2+ elevation and caspase-3 activity, and improvement of mitochondrial energy metabolism.8-O-Acetylshanzhiside methylester can increase angiogenesis and improve functional recovery after stroke.8-O-Acetylshanzhiside methylester has protective effects on experimental myocardial ischemia injury, the effects might be due to block of myocardial inflammatory cascades through an HMGB1-dependent NF-κB signaling pathway.8-O-Acetylshanzhiside methylester protects diabetic brain against I/R injury by alleviating diabetic cerebral I/R injury and attenuating blood–brain barrier (BBB) breakdown, and its protective effects may involve HMGB-1 and NF-κB signalling pathway.

Piperkadsin A effectively inhibits reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, specifically targeting PMA-induced ROS in human polymorphonuclear neutrophils, exhibiting an inhibition concentration (IC50) of 4.3 μM [1].

Dp3-Sam chloride (Delphinidin-3-sambubioside chloride) is an anthocyanin from Hibiscus acetosella (Cranberry Hibiscus) with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer activities.Dp3-Sam chloride inhibits LPS-induced inflammation, and inhibits LPS-induced inflammation. Dp3-Sam chloride inhibits LPS-induced inflammatory factor release, down-regulates the NF-κB pathway, and inhibits MEK1/2-ERK1/2 signaling.Dp3-Sam chloride induces apoptosis in human leukemia cells through the mitochondrial pathway mediated by reactive oxygen species.

1. Neferine ((-)-Neferine) has anti-tumor activities , Metabolic activation mediated by CYP3A4 and GSH depletion enhanced Neferine-induced cytotoxicity. 2. Neferine can be helpful to increase the efficacy of DOX and to achieve anticancer synergism by curbing the toxicity. 3. Neferine inhibited high glucose-induced endothelial apoptosis via blocking ROS/Akt/NF-κB pathway, which provides the evidence for using Neferine to treat diabetic vasculopathy. 4. Neferine induced apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner with the hypergeneration of reactive oxygen species, activation of MAPKs, lipid peroxidation, depletion of cellular antioxidant pool, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, and intracellular calcium accumulation.