Tyrosinase (Polyphenol oxidase) is a rate-limiting enzyme that controls the production of melanin and is encoded by TYR gene. Tyrosinase is mainly found in melanosomes synthesized by skin melanocytes [1] .

Tyrosinase-IN-15 (Compound 39), with an IC50 of 7.12 μM and a Ki of 11.8 μM, functions as a tyrosinase inhibitor [1].

Tyrosinase-IN-19 (compound 9), a competitive tyrosinase inhibitor, exhibits potent antioxidant activities by neutralizing ROS, ABTS+, and DPPH radicals and demonstrates dose-dependent suppression of tyrosinase expression [1].

Tyrosinase (369-377,YMDGTMSQV) is derived from the membrane protein tyrosinase by posttranslational conversion of the sequence YMNGTMSQV. Presentation of YMDGTMSQV in cells expressing full-length tyrosinase is TAP-(transporter associated with antigen proc

Tyrosinase-IN-16 inhibited tyrosinase.

Tyrosinase (192-200), a human mouse nonapeptide, is recognizable by cytolytic T cells (CTL) on the HLA-B44 molecule and is utilized in the research of melanoma-associated cancers [1].

Tyrosinase-IN-1 (compound 90) is a potent tyrosinase inhibitor. As a promising target, tyrosinase inhibitors can be used as skin-whitening agents and food preservatives, thus having broad potential in the fields of food, cosmetics, agriculture and medicine. [1].

Tyrosinase-IN-4 (compound 34) is a potent tyrosinase inhibitor. As a promising target, tyrosinase inhibitors can be used as skin-whitening agents and food preservatives. Tyrosinase-IN-4 has the potential in the fields of food, cosmetics, agriculture, and medicine[1].

Tyrosinase-IN-14 (compound 7m), a tyrosinase inhibitor, modulates the enzyme's secondary structure to diminish its catalytic function, exhibits low cytotoxicity, and possesses anti-browning properties that effectively prevent banana discoloration during storage [1].

Tyrosinase-IN-8, a potent inhibitor of tyrosinase, demonstrates an inhibitory concentration (IC 50) value of 1.6 µM and exhibits low cytotoxicity while effectively inhibiting cell growth.

Tyrosinase-IN-10 serves as a partially competitive inhibitor of tyrosinase, demonstrating an inhibition concentration (IC50) value of 1.6 μM against the enzyme's activity in lysates derived from human melanoma cells.

Tyrosinase-IN-7, a potent inhibitor of tyrosinase, exhibits an IC50 value of 1.57 µM and demonstrates inhibition of cell growth with minimal cytotoxicity.

Tyrosinase-related Protein 2 (TRP-2) (181-188) is a peptide derived from the tyrosinase-related protein 2 (TRP-2), specifically corresponding to residues 180-188. It is the primary epitope within TRP-2 that is recognized by anti-B16 CTLs. Moreover, It is a peptide that conforms to the binding motif of the MHC class I H2-Kb.

Tyrosinase/elastase-IN-1, a triterpenoid extracted from the leaves of Rubus fraxinifolius, exhibits inhibitory activities against both tyrosinase and elastase enzymes.

Tyrosinase (206-214), human (AFLPWHRLF), is a 9-amino acid peptide and an epitope of tyrosinase that can be recognized by HLA-A24 restricted, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) [1].

Tyrosinase-IN-3 (compound 54) is a powerful tyrosinase inhibitor, an enzyme involved in the key catalytic step of melanin biosynthesis and enzymatic browning. As a copper-containing metalloenzyme, tyrosinase plays a crucial role in these processes. The compound shows promise for studying skin whitening agents and food preservatives [1].

Tyrosinase-IN-2 (compound 67) is a potent inhibitor of tyrosinase, a copper-containing metalloenzyme pivotal for the catalytic step that limits the rate in melanin biosynthesis and enzymatic browning processes. This compound holds potential for research into skin whitening agents and food preservatives [1].

Tyrosinase-IN-11, a potent inhibitor of tyrosinase, exhibits IC50 values of 50 nM and 64 nM for L-tyrosinase and L-dopa (L-dopa), respectively. It demonstrates significant antioxidant activity coupled with low cytotoxicity, highlighting its potential for research on skin hyperpigmentation.

Tyrosinase-IN-6 (Compound 4B) demonstrated the highest efficacy as a tyrosinase inhibitor (ic50 = 3.80 μM), in addition to exhibiting favorable antioxidant activity.

Tyrosinase-IN-12(Non-competitive tyrosinase inhibitor) is a potent non-competitive tyrosinase inhibitor with an IC50 of 49.33 ± 2.64 µM and a Ki of 31.25 ± 0.25 µM. Tyrosinase-IN-12 has significant antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity (IC50:25.39 ± 0.77 µM), reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Tyrosinase inhibitor (Tyrosinase-IN-12) has significant antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity and reduces the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) (IC50:25.39 ± 0.77 µM).Tyrosinase-IN-12 can be used for the study of browning of substances in food and fruits.

Tyrosinase-IN-13 (compound 3c), stemming from Flurbiprofen, acts as a potent non-competitive inhibitor of tyrosinase, exhibiting IC50 and Ki values of 68 μM and 36.3 μM respectively. This compound demonstrates cytotoxicity against several cancer cell lines, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2), colorectal cancer (HT-29), and melanoma (B16F10) [1].

Tyrosinase-IN-22 (compound 4) serves as a potent inhibitor for tyrosinase substrates, namely L-tyrosine and L-dopa, exhibiting inhibitory concentrations (IC50s) of 60 nM and 30 nM, respectively. Additionally, it demonstrates significant antioxidant and anti-melanogenic properties, making it suitable for related research endeavors [1].

Tyrosinase-IN-5 (compound 16c) is a highly effective inhibitor of tyrosinase, exhibiting an IC50 value of 0.02 μM. This compound efficiently suppresses melanogenesis while posing minimal toxicity to cells [1].

Beta-Tocopherol shows effect on human erythroleukemia cell (HEL) adhesion induced by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA).

(±)-Taxifolin ((±)-Dihydroquercetin) is the racemate of Taxifolin, a flavonoid commonly found in onion, silymarin, French maritime pine bark, and Douglas fir bark, with anti-tyrosinase and anti-fibrotic activity.Taxifolin is an inhibitor of collagenase, with an IC 50 value of 193.3 μM. Taxifolin is a free radical scavenger with antioxidant capacity.

Taxifolin (Dihydroquercetin) is a flavonoid in many plants such as Taxus chinensis, Siberian larch, Cedrus deodara and so on.

1. Oxyresveratro can inhibit tyrosinase activity. 2. Oxyresveratro is useful to trauma models, as toxicity to glia could be beneficial by inhibiting reactive gliosis. 3. Oxyresveratrol (trans-Oxyresveratrol) has antioxidant activity, can reduce neuronal oxidative damage and protect hepatocytes against oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction, which may be associated with activation of Nrf2.

2-Ketoglutaric acid is a key molecule in the tricarboxylic acid cycle,is also connected to glutamic acid and glutamine metabolisms through the transamination reactions.

Pratol (7-Hydroxy-4'-methoxyflavone) significantly increased melanin content and tyrosinase activity in the cells without being cytotoxic.

4-Chloro-4'-hydroxybenzophenone inhibits tyrosinase and also acts as a free radical scavenger or antioxidant, reducing lipid and protein oxidation.

4-Methylhistamine hydrochloride has been shown to inhibit the activity of copper-dependent enzymes such as tyrosinase and dopamine beta-hydroxylase and has also been shown to modulate the expression of genes involved in cell cycle regulation and apoptosis.

Calycosin (Cyclosin) acts as a selective estrogen receptor modulator. Calycosin induces apoptosis in human ovarian cancer SKOV3 cells by activating caspases and Bcl-2 family proteins. Calycosin suppresses breast cancer cell growth via ERβ-dependent regulation of IGF-1R, p38 MAPK and PI3K/Akt pathways. Calycosin has antineoplastic effects against osteosarcoma through inducing apoptosis showing in vitro and in vivo investigations. Calycosin was shown to induce angiogenesis in human umbilical vein endothelial cell cultures (HUVEC) in vitro. Calycosin may be an effective skin-lightening agent that regulates the expression of melanogenic enzymes. Calycosin exhibited tyrosinase inhibitory activity with an IC(50) value of 38.4 microM.

Cardanol triene is a phenol found in cashew nut shell liquid that reversibly inhibits tyrosinase with an IC50 value of 40.5 μM in vitro. A mixture of cardanol mono-, di-, and triene is used to synthesize cardanol-metal complexes that inhibit uropathogenic E. coli biofilm formation.

Chlorophorin shows high anti-protozoal activity with an MIC of 0.25 microg/ml. Chlorophorin can strongly inhibit mushroom tyrosinase activity with IC50 values of 2.5 ± 0.408 uM; it inhibits α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone-induced melanin production in B16F10 melanoma cells.

Kurarinol is a potent inhibitor of sortase A, with an IC50 value of 107.7 ± 6.6 μM. Kurarinol has extremely strong tyrosinase inhibitory activity, exerts varying degrees of inhibition on tyrosinase-dependent melanin biosynthesis, is a candidate as skin-whitening agents.

GB 2a shows antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, it can prevent the carrageenan-induced paw oedema. GB 2a biflavonoid can promote inhibition on tyrosinase activity and reduced melanin biosynthesis in B16F10 cells, which suggests great potential for

Neorauflavane shows tyrosinase inhibition, it can inhibit tyrosinase monophenolase activity with an IC50 of 30 nM, it also can efficiently reduce melanin content in B16 melanoma cells with 12.95 uM of IC50.

Safflospermidine A is a potential natural tyrosinase inhibitor,it shows high antityrosinase activity (IC50 of 13.8 μM).

Polyphyllin C is a natural product

Haginin A is an effective inhibitor of hyperpigmentation caused by UV irradiation or by pigmented skin disorders through downregulation via ERK and Akt/PKB activation, MITF, and also by the subsequent downregulation of tyrosinase and TRP-1 production. Hag

Trametenolic acid is a cytotoxic agent.It exhibits a mode of mixed inhibition with a K I of 0.9μM, K IS of 0.5μM, and an IC50 of 7.25μM.Trametenolic acid and Betulin as a new candidate of potent tyrosinase inhibitors, can decrease tyrosinase activity and melanin content.

2-Hydroxy-4-methoxybenzaldehyde (4-Methoxysalicylaldehyde) is a chemical compound and an isomer of Vanillin. 2-Hydroxy-4-methoxybenzaldehyde(4-Methoxysalicylaldehyde) could be used to synthesis Urolithin M7. 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzaldehyde is a potent tyrosinase inhibitor from three East African medicinal plants, Mondia whitei, Rhus vulgaris Meikle, and Sclerocarya caffra Sond.

Mulberroside F shows inhibitory effects on tyrosinase activity and on the melanin formation of melan-a cells, it also exhibits superoxide scavenging activity that is involved in the protection against auto-oxidation, suggests that mulberroside F may be us

5-epi-Arvestonate A, a sesquiterpenoid extracted from Seriphidium transiliense whole plants, enhances melanogenic production by stimulating MITF and tyrosinase family gene transcription. Additionally, it suppresses IFN-γ-chemokine expression via the JAK/STAT signaling pathway in HaCaT cells [1].

Soyacerebroside I demonstrates a potent tyrosinase inhibitory activity.

Steppogenin exhibits significant tyrosinase inhibition activity, ;it also shows strong mushroom tyrosinase inhibitory activity with IC(50) values lower than 50 microM, more potent than kojic acid (IC(50) = 71.6 microM), a well-known tyrosinase inhibitor.

Broussoflavonol F has antiplatelet effect, is partially due to an inhibitory effect on cyclooxygenase, can inhibit arachidonic acid (AA)-induced platelet aggregation. Broussoflavonol F shows inhibitory activities on mushroom tyrosinase. Broussoflavonol F

3,4-Dimethoxyphenol (4-Hydroxyveratrole) is an active biochemical.

Taxiphyllin can inhibit tyrosinase activity in vitro significantly and is a potent tyrosinase inhibitor. Taxiphyllin displays mild antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus.

Isoguaiacin, a natural product [1], exhibits (hass) the potential to be (to exist as) an (a) effective pharmacological agent due to its (its) ability to inhibit (the inhibition of) mushroom tyrosinase. This (The) inhibition is (taking place) in a manner that demonstrates greater (a higher) selectivity towards mushroom tyrosinase compared to human tyrosinase, suggesting a reduced (a lower) risk of off-target effects in humans. Additionally, isoguaiacin shows (displays) promising (promising) activity against (in combating) certain cancer cell lines, further affirming its potential as (an) anticancer agent.