Chemokines

IL-8/CXCL8 Protein, Human, Recombinant (aa 28-99) is expressed in E. coli expression system. The predicted molecular weight is 8.5 kDa and the accession number is A0A024RDA5.

PF4V1 Protein, Human, Recombinant (mFc) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with mFc tag. The predicted molecular weight is 34.6 kDa and the accession number is P10720.

CCL4 Protein, Rat, Recombinant (His) is expressed in yeast with His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 9.2 kDa and the accession number is P50230.

GRO gama/CXCL3 Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (His) is expressed in yeast with His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 9.3 kDa and the accession number is Q6W5C0.

CCL20 Protein, Mouse, Recombinant is expressed in E. coli expression system. The predicted molecular weight is 8.1 kDa and the accession number is O89093-1.

CCL21a Protein, Mouse, Recombinant is expressed in Baculovirus insect cells. The predicted molecular weight is 12.1 kDa and the accession number is P84444.

CXCL14 Protein, Human, Recombinant, Biotinylated is expressed in E. coli expression system. The predicted molecular weight is 9.4 kDa and the accession number is O95715.

IL-8/CXCL8 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) is expressed in yeast with His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 9.8 kDa and the accession number is A0A024RDA5.

CXCL5 Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (His) is expressed in yeast with His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 9.4 kDa and the accession number is P50228.

Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 9 (CXCL9, MIG), is a small cytokine belonging to the CXC chemokine family. CXCL9 functions as one of the three ligands of chemokine receptor CXCR3 which is a G protein-coupled receptor found predominantly on T cells. It together with CXCL10 and CXCL11, may activate CXCR3 by binding to it. CXCL9 serves as a cytokine that affects the growth, movement, or activation state of cells that participate in immune and inflammatory response. It has been observed that tumour endothelial cells secrete high levels of CXCL9 in all, and CXCL10 in most melanoma metastases. it plays an important role in CD4+ T lymphocyte recruitment and development of CAV, MOMA-2+ macrophages are the predominant recipient-derived source of CXCL9, and recipient CD4 lymphocytes are necessary for sustained CXCL9 production and CAV development in this model.

C-C Motif Chemokine 3 (MIP-1 alpha,CCL3 ) is a member of the beta or CC subfamily of chemokines and is closely related to CCL4/MIP-1 beta. CCL3 expression can be induced in a variety of hematopoietic cells, fibroblasts, smooth muscle cells, and epithelial cells. Mature mouse CCL3 shares 73%, 91%, and 82% amino acid sequence identity with human, rat, and cotton rat CCL3, respectively. CCL3 exerts its biological functions through interactions with CCR1, CCR3, and CCR5. It is cleared from the extracellular space by internalization via the decoy chemokine receptor D6. CCL3 promotes the chemoattraction, adhesion to activated vascular endothelium, and cellular activation of many hematopoietic cell types including activated T cells, NK cells, neutrophils, monocytes, immature dendritic cells, and eosinophils. CCL3 is also known as stem cell inhibitor (SCI) and can inhibit the proliferation of hematopoietic progenitor cells. CCL3 bioactivity contributes to tumor metastasis and the inflammatory components of viral infection, rheumatoid arthritis, and hepatitis, although it also can suppress the replication of HIV.

Human C-X-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 10 (CXCL10) is a non-ELR chemokine secreted by various cell types, such as monocytes, endothelial cells and fibroblasts, in response to IFN-γ. CXCL10 functions via chemokine receptor CXCR3. CXCL10 has been attributed to several roles, such as chemoattraction for activated T-lymphocytes, inhibition of angiogenesis, and antitumor activity.

CCL8 Protein, Human, Recombinant is expressed in E. coli expression system. The predicted molecular weight is 12 KDa and the accession number is P80075.

Human Chemokine (C-X-C motif) Ligand 4 (CXCL4) is expressed in megakaryocytes and stored in the alpha-granules of platelets. CXCL4 contains several heparin-binding sites at the C-terminal region and binds heparin with high affinity. The active CXCL4 protein is a tetramer. Human and mouse CXCL4 share 64% sequence identity. CXCL4 is chemotactic for neutrophils, fibroblasts and monocytes and plays a critical role in inflammation and wound repair. CXCL4 functions via a splice variant of the chemokine receptor CXCR3, known as CXCR3B. The major physiologic role of CXCL4 appears to be neutralization of heparin-like molecules on the endothelial surface of blood vessels, thereby inhibiting local antithrombin III activity and promoting coagulation. In contrast to other CXC chemokines, CXCL4 lacks chemotactic activity for polymorphonuclear granulocytes.

Chemokine (C-C Motif) Ligand 28 (CCL28) is a novel chemokine that shares the most homology with CCL27/CTACK. CCL28 shows chemotactic activity for resting CD4, CD8 T-cells and eosinophils. It Binds to CCR3 and CCR10 and induces calcium mobilization in a dose-dependent manner. CCR10 (GPR2 orphan receptor) is also the receptor for CCL27/CTACK. CCL28 is preferentially expressed by epithelial cells of diverse tissues, with highest expression level in normal and pathological colon. It is also expressed in normal and asthmatic lung tissues. Human and mouse CCL28 shares 83% sequence identity in their mature regions.

Human Chemokine (C-X-C motif) Ligand 7 (CXCL7), also known as neutrophil activating peptide 2 (NAP-2), is a member of the CXC chemokines containing an ELR domain (Glu-Leu-Arg tripeptide motif). Similar to other ELR domain containing CXC chemokines, such as IL-8 and the GRO proteins, CXCL7 binds CXCR2, chemoattracts and activates neutrophils. CXCL7, Connective Tissue Activating Protein III (CTAPIII) and βthrombogulin (βTG), are proteolytically processed carboxylterminal fragments of platelet basic protein (PBP) which is found in the alphagranules of human platelets. Although CTAPIII, βTG, and PBP represent amino-terminal extended variants of NAP2 and possess the same CXC chemokine domains, these proteins do not exhibit CXCL7/NAP2 activity. CXCL7 induces cell migration through the G-protein-linked receptor CXCR-2.

Fractalkine(CX3CL1) is a single-pass type I membrane protein and belongs to the intercrine delta family. It consists of an extracellular NH2-terminal domain, a mucin-like stalk, a transmembrane α helix, and a short cytoplasmic tail. CX3CL1 exists in two forms: as a membrane-anchored or as a shed 80-95K glycoprotein. Soluble CX3CL1 is generated by limited proteolysis on the cell surface, and a disintegrin and metallopeptidase 10 (ADAM10) and ADAM17/tumor necrosis factor-α-converting enzyme (ADAM17/TACE) participate in this shedding. It has been suggested that ADAM10 acts in the constitutive shedding, and ADAM17 acts in response to cell activation. The protein may play a role in regulating leukocyte adhesion and migration processes at the endothelium.

C-C motif chemokine 5(CCL5) is a β-chemokine that plays a primary role in the inflammatory immune response by means of its ability to attract and activate leukocytes. CCL5 is secreted by many cell types at inflammatory sites, and it exerts a wide range of activities through the receptors CCR1, CCR3, CCR4, and CCR5. Inflammatory responses can be impaired by the sequestration of CCL5 by the cytomegalovirus protein US28. Oligomerization of CCL5 on glycosaminoglycans is required for CCR1mediated leukocyte adhesion and activation as well as CCL5’s interaction with the chemokine CXCL4/PF4.The deposition of CCL5 on activated vascular endothelial cells is crucial for monocyte adhesion to damaged vasculature, but CCL5 oligomerization is not required for the extravasation of adherent leukocytes.CCL5 is upregulated in breast cancer and promotes tumor progression through the attraction of proinflammatory macrophages in addition to its actions on tumor cells, stromal cells, and the vasculature.

C-C motif chemokine 9(CCL9) is an 11 kDa, secreted, monomeric polypeptide that belongs to the beta (or CC) intercrine family of chemokines. It is expressed mainly in the liver, lung, and the thymus, although some expression has been detected in a wide variety of tissues except brain. Monokine has inflammatory, pyrogenic and chemokinetic properties. It circulates at high concentrations in the blood of healthy animals. Binding to a high-affinity receptor，it activates calcium release in neutrophils. It also inhibits colony formation of bone marrow myeloid immature progenitors. CCL9 can activate osteoclasts through its receptor CCR1 (the most abundant chemokine receptor found on osteoclasts) suggesting an important role for CCL9 in bone resorption.

Interleukin-8 (IL-8) has been revealed as a critical regulator of CNS function and development with participation in many CNS disorders including gliomas.Several promising approaches that target directly or indirectly IL-8 effects in gliomas are currently in progress while more-in-depth studies are needed to validate its biomarker role and elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms.

C-C motif chemokine ligand 24 (CCL24) is a chemokine that regulates inflammatory and fibrotic activities through its receptor, C-C motif chemokine receptor (CCR3). CCL24 is a chemokine that regulates inflammation and fibrosis. It was found to be significantly expressed in patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, in whom it regulates profibrotic processes in the liver. CCL24 Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (His) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with N-His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 11.7 kDa and the accession number is Q9JKC0.

CXCL5 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) is expressed in E. coli.

May be an autocrine factor that promotes the growth of fibroblasts and is involved in the neoplastic transformation of fibroblasts by v-Src. Chemotactic for peripheral blood mononuclear cells as well as for heterophils. IL-8/CXCL8 Protein, Chicken, Recombinant (His) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-6xHis tag. The predicted molecular weight is 13.4 kDa and the accession number is P08317.

Monokine with inflammatory and chemokinetic properties.

CXCL10 Protein, Mouse, Recombinant is expressed in E. coli expression system. The predicted molecular weight is 8.7 kDa and the accession number is P17515.

CXCL1 Protein, Rat, Recombinant is expressed in E. coli expression system. The predicted molecular weight is 7.9 kDa and the accession number is P14095.

Platelet factor 4 (PF4), also known as chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 4 (CXCL4), is a small cytokine belonging to the CXC chemokine family. CXCL4/PF4 is released from the alpha-granules of activated platelets and binds with high affinity to heparin. Its major physiologic role appears to be neutralization of heparin-like molecules on the endothelial surface of blood vessels, thereby inhibiting local antithrombin III activity and promoting coagulation. As a strong chemoattractant for neutrophils and fibroblasts, CXCL4/PF4 probably has a role in inflammation and wound repair. This protein is released during platelet aggregation. CXCL4/PF4 neutralizes the anticoagulant effect of heparin because it binds more strongly to heparin than to the chondroitin-4-sulfate chains of the carrier molecule. CXCL4 is chemotactic for neutrophils and monocytes. It inhibits endothelial cell proliferation, the short form is a more potent inhibitor than the longer form. CXCL4/PF4 is up-regulated in human liver fibrosis and that it plays a nonredundant, functional role in experimental liver fibrosis by mediating stellate cell proliferation, migration, and intrahepatic immune cell recruitment.

CCL4 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) is expressed in yeast with His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 9.2 kDa and the accession number is P13236.

GRO gama/CXCL3 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) is expressed in E. coli expression system with His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 10.1 kDa and the accession number is P19876.

CXCL16 Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (His) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 20.5 kDa and the accession number is A2CFE9.

Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 6 (CCL6), also known as C-C chemokine C10 has only been identified in rodents, which is a small cytokine belonging to the CC chemokine family, beta-chemokine subfamily. C-C chemokine C10 is involved in the chronic stages of host defense reactions. C10 chemokine rapidly promotes disease resolution in the cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) model through its direct effects on the cellular events critically involved in host defense during septic peritonitis. CCL6 appears to contribute to the macrophage infiltration that is independent of other CC chemokines. C10 is a prominent chemokine expressed in the central nervous system in experimental inflammatory demyelinating disease, also acts as a potent chemotactic factor for the migration of these leukocytes to the brain. CCL6 may be a mediator released by microglia for cell-cell communication under physiological as well as pathological conditions of CNS. Additionally, the chemokine CCL6 may alter tumor behavior by relieving its growth factor dependency and by promoting invasiveness as a result of local tissue apoptosis.

CXCL9 Protein, Mouse, Recombinant is expressed in E. coli expression system. The predicted molecular weight is 12.3 kDa and the accession number is P18340.

I-309 Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (hFc) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with hFc tag. The predicted molecular weight is 36.2 kDa and the accession number is P10146-1.

Lymphotactin/XCL1 Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (His) is expressed in Baculovirus insect cells with His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 11.5 kDa and the accession number is P47993.

CCL14 Protein, Human, Recombinant (aa 28-93, His) is expressed in E. coli expression system with His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 9.3 kDa and the accession number is Q16627-1.

FAM19A2 belongs to the FAM19/TAFA family. FAM19/TAFA family members are chemokine-like proteins. The biological functions of TAFA family members remain to be determined, but there are a few tentative hypotheses. First, TAFAs may modulate immune responses in the CNS by functioning as brain specific chemokines, and may act with other chemokines to optimize the recruitment and activity of immune cells in the CNS. Second, TAFAs may represent a novel class of neurokines that act as regulators of immune nervous cells. And third, TAFAs may control axonal sprouting following brain injury. Human FAM19A2 is 97% aa identical to mouse FAM19A2 and is expressed in the central nervous system (CNS), colon, heart, lung, spleen, kidney, and thymus, however its expression in the CNS is 50 to 1000 fold higher than in other tissues. FAM19A2 gene is a member of the TAFA family which is composed of five highly homologous genes that encode small secreted proteins.

SDF-1 Protein, Canine, Recombinant is expressed in E. coli expression system. The predicted molecular weight is 8.6 kDa and the accession number is A0A8C0NWR9.

MCP-3 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) is expressed in E. coli expression system with His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 10.5 kDa and the accession number is P80098.

TARC Protein, Mouse, Recombinant is expressed in Baculovirus insect cells. The predicted molecular weight is 8.2 kDa and the accession number is Q9WUZ6.

CCL24, also known as Eotaxin-2 and MPIF-2, belongs to the intercrine beta (chemokine CC) family. CCL24 gene belongs to the subfamily of small cytokine CC genes. Cytokines are a family of secreted proteins involved in immunoregulatory and inflammatory processes. The CC cytokines are proteins characterized by two adjacent cysteines. CCL24 displays chemotactic activity on resting T lymphocytes, a minimal activity on neutrophils, and is negative on monocytes and activated T lymphocytes. CCL24 is also a strong suppressor of colony formation by a multipotential hematopoietic progenitor cell line. CCL24 is chemotactic for resting T-lymphocytes, and eosinophils. It has lower chemotactic activity for neutrophils but none for monocytes and activated lymphocytes. It is a strong suppressor of colony formation by a multipotential hematopoietic progenitor cell line. Eotaxin-2 interacts with chemokine receptor CCR3 to induce chemotaxis in eosinophils. Elevated level of Eotaxin-2 has been seen in patients with aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease.

SDF-1 Protein, Human, Recombinant (isoform a) is expressed in E. coli expression system. The predicted molecular weight is 8 kDa and the accession number is P48061-2.

MIP-5 Protein, Human, Recombinant (aa 46-113, His) is expressed in E. coli expression system with His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 8.9 kDa and the accession number is Q16663-1.

CXCL1 Protein, Human, Recombinant is expressed in E. coli expression system. The predicted molecular weight is 7.9 kDa and the accession number is P09341-1.

Lymphotactin/XCL1 Protein, Cynomolgus, Recombinant (His) is expressed in Baculovirus insect cells with His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 11.6 kDa.

MCP-3 Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (His) is expressed in E. coli expression system with His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 10.7 kDa and the accession number is A9Z1Z1.

Ccl12 prevented initiation of the reparative response by prolonging inflammation and inhibiting fibroblast conversion to myofibroblasts, resulting in diminished scar formation. Macrophage secretion of Ccl12 directly impaired fibronectin and collagen deposition and indirectly stimulated collagen degradation through upregulation of matrix metalloproteinase-2. In post-MI patients, circulating LPS levels strongly associated with the Ccl12 homologue monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1). Both MCP-1 and MCP-5 are HIF-1 target genes and that HIF-1alpha is involved in transcriptional induction of these two chemokines in astrocytes by hypoxia.

MCP-1/CCL2 Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (His), Biotinylated is expressed in Baculovirus insect cells with His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 15.2 kDa and the accession number is P10148.

Recent studies have implicated chemokines in microglial activation and pathogenesis of neuropathic pain. C-X-C motif chemokine 13 (CXCL13) is a B lymphocyte chemoattractant that activates CXCR5. Using the spinal nerve ligation (SNL) model of neuropathic pain, CXCL13 was persistently upregulated in spinal cord neurons after SNL, resulting in spinal astrocyte activation via CXCR5 in mice. CXCL13/BCA-1 Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (His) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with N-His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 11.7 kDa and the accession number is O55038.

C-X-C motif ligand 10 (CXCL10), or interferon-inducible protein-10, is a small chemokine belonging to the CXC chemokine family. Its members are responsible for leukocyte trafficking and act on tissue cells, like endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells. CXCL10 is secreted by leukocytes and tissue cells and functions as a chemoattractant, mainly for lymphocytes.

C-C Motif Chemokine 11 (CCL11) is a secreted protein that belongs to the intercrine beta (chemokine CC) family. In response to the presence of allergens, CCL11 selectively recruits eosinophils, a prominent feature of allergic inflammatory reactions. The effects of CCL11 are mediated by its binding to a G-protein-linked receptor known as a chemokine receptor. Chemokine receptors for CCL11 include CCR2, CCR3 and CCR5. However, it has been found that CCL11 has high degree selectivity for its receptor, such that they are inactive on neutrophils and monocytes, which do not express CCR3.