Chemokines

MCP-3 Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (His) is expressed in E. coli expression system with His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 10.7 kDa and the accession number is A9Z1Z1.

Recent studies have implicated chemokines in microglial activation and pathogenesis of neuropathic pain. C-X-C motif chemokine 13 (CXCL13) is a B lymphocyte chemoattractant that activates CXCR5. Using the spinal nerve ligation (SNL) model of neuropathic pain, CXCL13 was persistently upregulated in spinal cord neurons after SNL, resulting in spinal astrocyte activation via CXCR5 in mice. CXCL13 BCA-1 Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (His) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with N-His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 11.7 kDa and the accession number is O55038.

SDF-1 Protein, Human, Recombinant is expressed in E. coli expression system. The predicted molecular weight is 8.6 kDa and the accession number is P48061-1.

CXCL14 Protein, Mouse, Recombinant is expressed in E. coli expression system. The predicted molecular weight is 9.4 kDa and the accession number is Q9WUQ5.

CXCL10 Protein, Mouse, Recombinant is expressed in E. coli expression system. The predicted molecular weight is 8.7 kDa and the accession number is P17515.

CCL19 MIP-3b Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (His) is expressed in Baculovirus insect cells with His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 10.7 kDa and the accession number is O70460.

MCP-1 CCL2 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) is expressed in yeast with His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 10.1 kDa and the accession number is P13500.

CCL4 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) is expressed in yeast with His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 9.2 kDa and the accession number is P13236.

IL-8 CXCL8 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) is expressed in yeast with His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 9.8 kDa and the accession number is A0A024RDA5.

IL-8 CXCL8 Protein, Human, Recombinant (aa 28-99) is expressed in E. coli expression system. The predicted molecular weight is 8.5 kDa and the accession number is A0A024RDA5.

IL-8 CXCL8 Protein, Human, Recombinant (aa 23-99) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells. The predicted molecular weight is 8 kDa and the accession number is A0A024RDA5.

CXCL5 Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (His) is expressed in yeast with His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 9.4 kDa and the accession number is P50228.

CCL21 Protein, Rhesus, Recombinant is expressed in Baculovirus insect cells. The predicted molecular weight is 12 kDa and the accession number is Q8HYP5.

C-C motif chemokine ligand 24 (CCL24) is a chemokine that regulates inflammatory and fibrotic activities through its receptor, C-C motif chemokine receptor (CCR3). CCL24 is a chemokine that regulates inflammation and fibrosis. It was found to be significantly expressed in patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, in whom it regulates profibrotic processes in the liver. CCL24 Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (His) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with N-His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 11.7 kDa and the accession number is Q9JKC0.

CCL20 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) is expressed in E. coli expression system with His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 10.2 kDa and the accession number is P78556-1.

The CCR5 and the CCL5 ligand have been detected in some hematological malignancies, lymphomas, and a great number of solid tumors, but extensive studies on the role of the CCL5 CCR axis were performed only in a limited number of cancers. CCL5 Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (hFc) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with N-hFc tag. The predicted molecular weight is 35.2 kDa and the accession number is P30882.

CCL18 is a chemotactic cytokine involved in the pathogenesis and progression of various disorders, including cancer. Proof showed high levels of CCL18 in the serum of epithelial ovarian carcinoma patients suggesting its potential as a circulating biomarker. CCL18 chemokine has an important role in chemokine-mediated tumor metastasis, and may serve as a potential predictor for poor survival outcomes for ovarian cancer. (CCL18) is predominantly secreted by M2-tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) and promotes malignant behaviors of various human cancer types. CCL18 has a correlation with cardiac function in patients with AAMI and it might be considered as an indicator of poor LVEF in patients with AAMI. Circulating and WAT-secreted CCL18 correlates with insulin resistance and metabolic risk score. Because CCL18 is macrophage-specific and associates with adipose immune gene expression, it may constitute a marker of WAT inflammation. Macrophages are thought to be the main source of CCL18, and the effect of pirfenidone, an anti-fibrotic agent for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, on the expression of CCL18 in macrophages warrants investigation.

I-TAC, also known as CXCL11, is a small cytokine belonging to the CXC chemokine family. It is highly expressed in peripheral blood leukocytes, pancreas and liver, with moderate levels in thymus, spleen and lung and low expression levels were in small intestine, placenta and prostate. The I-TAC chemokine elicits its effects on its target cells by interacting with the cell surface chemokine receptor CXCR3, with a higher affinity than do the other ligands for this receptor, CXCL9 and CXCL10. I-TAC is chemotactic for activated T cells. The CXCL11 gene is located on human chromosome 4 along with many other members of the CXC chemokine family.

CCL11 or chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 11 is a member of the chemokine (C-C motif) ligand family. Chemokin (C-C motif) ligand 11 is a member of the chemokine family. There are four members of the chemokine family: C-C kemokines, C kemokines, CXC kemokines and CX3C kemokines. The C-C kemokines have two cysteines nearby the amino terminus. There have been at least 27 distinct members of this subgroup reported for mammals, called C-C chemokine ligands (CCL)-1 to 28. Chemokines are a family of small chemotactic cytokines, or proteins secreted by cells. They share the same structure similarities such as small size, and the presence of four cysteine residues in conserved locations in order to form their 3-dimensional shape. Some of the chemokines are considered pro-inflammatory which can be induced to recruit cells of the immune system to a site of infection during an immune response, while others are considered homeostatic and are implied in controlling the migration of cells during normal processes of tissue maintenance and development. CCL11 is implicated in allergic responses through selectively recruiting eosinophils by inducing their chemotaxis. The effects of CCL11 are mediated by its binding to chemokine receptor. Increased CCL11 levels in blood plasma are associated with aging in mice.

CXCL16 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 20.5 kDa and the accession number is Q9H2A7.

GRO beta CXCL2 Protein, Human, Recombinant is expressed in E. coli expression system. The predicted molecular weight is 7.9 kDa and the accession number is A0A024RDD9.

CXCL9 Protein, Mouse, Recombinant is expressed in E. coli expression system. The predicted molecular weight is 12.3 kDa and the accession number is P18340.

BCA-1 Protein, Human, Recombinant is expressed in E. coli expression system. The predicted molecular weight is 8.8 kDa and the accession number is O43927.

Mouse Cxcl12 is a secreted and highly conserved protein which belongs to the intercrine alpha (chemokine CxC) family.CXCL12 is widely expressed in various organs including brain, kidney, skeletal muscle, heart, liver, and lymphoid organs. Cxcl12 activates the C-X-C chemokine receptor CXCR4 to induce a rapid and transient rise in the level of intracellular calcium ions and chemotaxis. It also binds to atypical chemokine receptor ACKR3 which activates the beta-arrestin pathway and acts as a scavenger receptor for SDF-1. Cxcl12 has several critical functions during embryonic development such as B-cell lymphopoiesis, myelopoiesis in bone marrow and heart ventricular septum formation. Cxcl12 plays an important role in acting as a positive regulator of monocyte migration and a negative regulator of monocyte adhesion via the LYN kinase. It stimulates migration of monocytes and T-lymphocytes through its receptors, CXCR4 and ACKR3, and decreases monocyte adherence to surfaces coated with ICAM-1, a ligand for beta-2 integrins. SDF1A CXCR4 signaling axis inhibits beta-2 integrin LFA-1 mediated adhesion of monocytes to ICAM-1 through LYN kinase. It also plays a protective role after myocardial infarction, induces down-regulation and internalization of ACKR3 expressed in various cells and stimulates the proliferation of bone marrow-derived b progenitor cells in the presence of IL-7 as well as growth of the stromal cell-dependent B-cell clone DW34 cells.

Human Chemokine (C-X-C motif) Ligand 4 (CXCL4) is expressed in megakaryocytes and stored in the alpha-granules of platelets. CXCL4 contains several heparin-binding sites at the C-terminal region and binds heparin with high affinity. The active CXCL4 protein is a tetramer. Human and mouse CXCL4 share 64% sequence identity. CXCL4 is chemotactic for neutrophils, fibroblasts and monocytes and plays a critical role in inflammation and wound repair. CXCL4 functions via a splice variant of the chemokine receptor CXCR3, known as CXCR3B. The major physiologic role of CXCL4 appears to be neutralization of heparin-like molecules on the endothelial surface of blood vessels, thereby inhibiting local antithrombin III activity and promoting coagulation. In contrast to other CXC chemokines, CXCL4 lacks chemotactic activity for polymorphonuclear granulocytes.

C-C motif chemokine 2 (CCL2) is a member of the C-C or β chemokine family. Mouse CCL2 shares 82% amino acid (aa) identity with rat CCL2 over the entire sequence, and 58%, 56%, 55%, 53% and 53% aa identity with human, equine, porcine, bovine and canine CCL2, respectively. Fibroblasts, glioma cells, smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells, lymphocytes and mononuclear phagocytes can produce CCL2 either constitutively or upon mitogenic stimulation, but monocytes and macrophages appear to be the major source. In addition to its chemotactic activity, CCL2 induces enzyme and cytokine release by monocytes, NK cells and lymphocytes, and histamine release by basophils that express its receptor, CCR2. Additionally, it promotes Th2 polarization in CD4+ T cells. CCL2-mediated recruitment of monocytes to sites of inflammation is proposed to play a role in the pathology of atherosclerosis, multiple sclerosis and allergic asthma.

Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 9 (CXCL9, MIG), is a small cytokine belonging to the CXC chemokine family. CXCL9 functions as one of the three ligands of chemokine receptor CXCR3 which is a G protein-coupled receptor found predominantly on T cells. It together with CXCL10 and CXCL11, may activate CXCR3 by binding to it. CXCL9 serves as a cytokine that affects the growth, movement, or activation state of cells that participate in immune and inflammatory response. It has been observed that tumour endothelial cells secrete high levels of CXCL9 in all, and CXCL10 in most melanoma metastases. it plays an important role in CD4+ T lymphocyte recruitment and development of CAV, MOMA-2+ macrophages are the predominant recipient-derived source of CXCL9, and recipient CD4 lymphocytes are necessary for sustained CXCL9 production and CAV development in this model.

MIP-1 alpha CCL3 Protein, Rat, Recombinant is expressed in E. coli expression system. The predicted molecular weight is 7.8 kDa and the accession number is P50229.

CXCL10 Protein, Human, Recombinant is expressed in E. coli expression system. The predicted molecular weight is 8.8 kDa and the accession number is P02778.

MCP-2 Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (His & NusA) is expressed in E. coli expression system with His and NusA tag. The predicted molecular weight is 66 kDa and the accession number is Q9Z121.

Chemokine (C-X-C-Motif) Ligand 6 (CXCL6) is a small cytokine belonging to the CXC chemokine family. It is a potent neutrophil chemotactic and activating factor and it exhibits extensive similarity to other CXC chemokines such as IL-8 and ENA-78. CXCL6 can promote the release of MMP-9 from granulocytes indicating its potential role as an inflammatory mediator. It functionally uses both of the IL-8 CXCL8 receptors to chemoattract neutrophils but that is structurally most related to epithelial cell-derived neutrophil attractant-78 (ENA-78) CXCL5. The human CXCL6 gene has been cloned and is physically mapped to the CXC chemokine locus on chromosome 4. Mature human CXCL6 is a 75 amino acid (aa) protein with a predicted molecular weight of approximately 8 kDa. Human CXCL6 shares 60% and 67% aa identity with mouse and bovine CXCL6, respectively.

MIP-1 alpha CCL3 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) is expressed in yeast with His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 9.2 kDa and the accession number is A0N0R1.

CXCL5 Protein, Human, Recombinant is expressed in E. coli expression system. The predicted molecular weight is 7.8 kDa and the accession number is P42830.

Human Chemokine (C-C Motif) Ligand 3 (CCL3) is a small cytokine belonging to the CC chemokine family. CCL3 is primarily expressed in T cells, B cells, and monocytes after antigen or mitogen stimulation. CCL3 exhibits chemoattractive and adhesive effects on lymphocytes. CCL3 exerts multiple effects on hematopoietic precursor cells and inhibits the proliferation of hematopoietic stem cells in vitro as well as in vivo. CCR1 and CCR5 have been identified as functional receptors for CCL3.

The chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2), also known as monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 and small inducible cytokine A2 (SCYA2)), is a small cytokine that belongs to the CC chemokine family responsible for monocyte attraction. Its cognate receptor, CCR2, play a critical role in regulating nociceptive processes during neuropathic pain. Both CCL2 and CCR2 are implicated in induction of autoimmunity. CCL2 recruits monocytes, memory T cells, and dendritic cells to the sites of inflammation produced by either tissue injury or infection. Recently research also showed that CCL2 might be useful as a biomarker of fibrosis as well as a target for therapeutic intervention.

SDF-1 Protein, Human, Recombinant (isoform a) is expressed in E. coli expression system. The predicted molecular weight is 8 kDa and the accession number is P48061-2.

Chemokine (C-C Motif) Ligand 28 (CCL28) is a novel chemokine that shares the most homology with CCL27 CTACK. CCL28 shows chemotactic activity for resting CD4, CD8 T-cells and eosinophils. It Binds to CCR3 and CCR10 and induces calcium mobilization in a dose-dependent manner. CCR10 (GPR2 orphan receptor) is also the receptor for CCL27 CTACK. CCL28 is preferentially expressed by epithelial cells of diverse tissues, with highest expression level in normal and pathological colon. It is also expressed in normal and asthmatic lung tissues. Human and mouse CCL28 shares 83% sequence identity in their mature regions.

CXCL9 Protein, Human, Recombinant is expressed in E. coli expression system. The predicted molecular weight is 11.9 kDa and the accession number is Q07325.

I-309 Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (hFc) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with hFc tag. The predicted molecular weight is 36.2 kDa and the accession number is P10146-1.

Lymphotactin XCL1 Protein, Cynomolgus, Recombinant (His) is expressed in Baculovirus insect cells with His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 11.6 kDa.

CXCL16 Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (His) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 20.5 kDa and the accession number is A2CFE9.

Platelet factor 4 (PF4), also known as chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 4 (CXCL4), is a small cytokine belonging to the CXC chemokine family. CXCL4 PF4 is released from the alpha-granules of activated platelets and binds with high affinity to heparin. Its major physiologic role appears to be neutralization of heparin-like molecules on the endothelial surface of blood vessels, thereby inhibiting local antithrombin III activity and promoting coagulation. As a strong chemoattractant for neutrophils and fibroblasts, CXCL4 PF4 probably has a role in inflammation and wound repair. This protein is released during platelet aggregation. CXCL4 PF4 neutralizes the anticoagulant effect of heparin because it binds more strongly to heparin than to the chondroitin-4-sulfate chains of the carrier molecule. CXCL4 is chemotactic for neutrophils and monocytes. It inhibits endothelial cell proliferation, the short form is a more potent inhibitor than the longer form. CXCL4 PF4 is up-regulated in human liver fibrosis and that it plays a nonredundant, functional role in experimental liver fibrosis by mediating stellate cell proliferation, migration, and intrahepatic immune cell recruitment.

GRO gama CXCL3 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) is expressed in E. coli expression system with His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 10.1 kDa and the accession number is P19876.

Lymphotactin XCL1 Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (His) is expressed in Baculovirus insect cells with His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 11.5 kDa and the accession number is P47993.

MIP-5 Protein, Human, Recombinant (aa 46-113, His) is expressed in E. coli expression system with His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 8.9 kDa and the accession number is Q16663-1.

CXCL1 Protein, Human, Recombinant is expressed in E. coli expression system. The predicted molecular weight is 7.9 kDa and the accession number is P09341-1.

FAM19A2 belongs to the FAM19 TAFA family. FAM19 TAFA family members are chemokine-like proteins. The biological functions of TAFA family members remain to be determined, but there are a few tentative hypotheses. First, TAFAs may modulate immune responses in the CNS by functioning as brain specific chemokines, and may act with other chemokines to optimize the recruitment and activity of immune cells in the CNS. Second, TAFAs may represent a novel class of neurokines that act as regulators of immune nervous cells. And third, TAFAs may control axonal sprouting following brain injury. Human FAM19A2 is 97% aa identical to mouse FAM19A2 and is expressed in the central nervous system (CNS), colon, heart, lung, spleen, kidney, and thymus, however its expression in the CNS is 50 to 1000 fold higher than in other tissues. FAM19A2 gene is a member of the TAFA family which is composed of five highly homologous genes that encode small secreted proteins.

MCP-3 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) is expressed in E. coli expression system with His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 10.5 kDa and the accession number is P80098.