antiviral agent

Antiviral agent is thiazolidin-4-one with anti-hepatitis B activity

Antiviral agent 17 is a nucleoside analog with antiviral and antiparasitic activity, inhibits hepatitis C virus 1B and inhibits Trypanosoma brucei and Trypanosoma brucei, and can be used in the study of viral infections and malignant diseases.

2H-Pyrido[2',1':3,4]pyrazino[1,2-b]indazole-3-carboxylic acid, 6-(1, 1-Dimethylethyl)-6, 7-Dihydro-10 -(3-methoxypropoxy)-2-oxo-, (6R)- has antibacterial and antiviral activity and can be used to study Hepatitis B virus.

Antiviral agent 34 is an orally available, potent antiviral compound that inhibits influenza A and B viruses.Antiviral agent 34 inhibits the proliferation of influenza viruses by modulating RNA polymerase.Antiviral agent 34 is used in the study of viral infections.

Antiviral agent 33 (compound 1c), a double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) virus inhibitor, exhibits potent inhibitory activity with IC50 values of 0.0790 µM for VACV and 0.1572 µM for AdV5, and is a candidate for oral administration [1].

Antiviral agent 27 (Compound 12) exhibits significant activity against the Ebola virus, with an EC50 value of 14 nM [1].

Antiviral agent 36 (compound 27), a potent inhibitor of both dengue (DENV) and Zika (ZIKV) viruses, demonstrates replication inhibition with EC50 values of 100 nM for ZIKV-FLR, 90 nM for ZIKV-HN16, 210 nM for DENV-2, and 120 nM for DENV-3 [1].

Antiviral agent 7 is a peptide-based coating that kills viruses.

Antiviral agent 14 is an antiviral agent that inhibits tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) (EC50: 135.5 μg/mL), and cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) (EC50: 178.6 μg/mL).

Antiviral agent 20 (Compound 17b) is a selective inhibitor of Zika virus (EC50: 4.5 μM) and exhibits low cytotoxicity.

Antiviral agent 35 (compound 4d) serves as a potent orally active inhibitor of the influenza virus, targeting early stages of viral replication. It suppresses influenza-induced ROS accumulation, autophagy, and apoptosis, along with the inflammatory response mediated by the RIG-1 pathway in a mouse model of pulmonary infection. Its cytotoxicity is minimal in MDCK cells, displaying a CC50 greater than 800 μM, and possesses anti-H1N1 (A/Weiss/43) activity with an EC50 of 2.28 μM [1].

Antiviral agent 46, also known as compound 4, is a cannabidiol (CBD) derivative exhibiting anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity (IC50: 1.90 μM) and ACE2 inhibition (IC50: 1.37 μM) [1].

Antiviral agent 43 (compound 16) serves as a potent, orally active inhibitor of influenza A virus entry, demonstrating efficacy by inhibiting the replication of the influenza A strains VH04-H5N1 and PR8-H1N1 with EC50 values of 240 nM and 72 nM, respectively [1].

Antiviral agent 5 is a crucial intermediate utilized in the development of antiviral agents that specifically target 3C and 3CL proteases, which includes the SARS-CoV-2 M pro enzyme.

Antiviral agent 9 exhibits potent efficacy against HIV-1 with an EC50 value of 0.006 nM, indicating extremely low concentrations are sufficient to inhibit the virus. Additionally, it demonstrates a selectivity index (SI) nearly 300 times higher than that of tenofovir alafenamide fumarate (TAF), outlining its superior selectivity and potential safety profile.

Antiviral agent 6 showed excellent anti-TSWV effects in vivo (EC50: 188 mg/L).

Antiviral Agent 23, an effective inhibitor of enterovirus 71 (EV71) with an EC50 value of 94 nM, also exhibits potent suppression of METTL3/METTL14 activity. This compound is employed in the research of infections.

Antiviral agent 25 (compound 6g), a novel non-peptide analog covalent inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 3CL pro, exhibits robust inhibitory activity against both SARS-CoV-2 3CL pro and SARS-CoV-2 PL pro, with IC50 values of 0.118 µM and 0.448 µM, respectively. Furthermore, it demonstrates significant antiviral effects against SARS-CoV-2, achieving an EC50 value of 7.249 µM [1].

Antiviral agent 10 effectively inhibits the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) [1], serving as a potent anti-viral compound.

Antiviral agent 18 (Compound 5) shows good antiviral activity against murine norovirus. Antiviral agent 18 is an anti-infection agent that has the potential in infectious and malignant diseases research [1].

Antiviral agent 19 (Compound 3) is a selective inhibitor of Zika virus (EC50: 1.3 μM) with low cytotoxicity.

Antiviral agent 8, surpassing lead compounds crocin-1 and crocin-2, has been identified as a potent and promising candidate with enhanced antiviral activities.

Antiviral Agent 30 (Example 118) is an active compound against HCV and RSV with an inhibitory concentration (IC 50) of greater than 25μM [1].

Antiviral agent 15 (Compound 15f) is a Clofazimine derivative with antiviral activity.Antiviral agent 15 inhibits rabies virus (EC50: 1.45 μM) and pseudotyped SARS-CoV-2 (EC50: 14.6 μM).

Nucleoside Derivatives - 6-Modified purine nucleosides; Drugs and Inhibitors

VV116 (JT001) is a selective and orally active nucleoside antiviral agent against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Tubercidin (Sparsomycin A), an adenosine analogue, is a nucleoside antibiotic. It is incorporated into DNA and inhibits polymerases, thereby inhibiting DNA replication and RNA and protein synthesis. This agent also exhibits antifungal and antiviral activities.

Ribavirin (Tribavirin) is a synthetic nucleoside analog of ribofuranose with activity against hepatitis C virus and other RNA viruses.

Umifenovir hydrochloride (Arbidol HCl) , an broad-spectrum antiviral chemical agent, can inhibit cell invade of enveloped viruses by blocking viral fusion with host cell membrane.

1. Octyl Gallate is an antioxidant approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as a food additive. 2. Octyl Gallate has antimetastatic activity. 3. Octyl Gallate shows antimicrobial activity against H. pylori, with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 125 ug/mL. 4. Combination therapy with octyl gallate and ferulic acid improves cognition and neurodegeneration in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease.5. Octyl Gallate is a potential anticancer agent, it exhibited decreased MCF-7 & MDA-MB-231 survival and induced apoptosis, with IC50 value of 40 uM. 6. Octyl gallate (Octyl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate) has antiviral activity, it shows an inhibitory effect on the growth of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) in HEp-2 or Vero cells. 7. Octyl gallate shows antifungal activity against Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC7754 and Zygosaccharomyces bailii ATCC 60483.

Bonafton (Bonaphthone) is an antiviral agent.

B220, an antiviral agent, inhibits the growth of HSV-1, HSV-2, and human cytomegalovirus (CMV).

WIN 54954 is an orally available antiviral agent that inhibits Coxsackievirus and inhibits viral translation or transcription.WIN 54954 may be useful in the study of small ribonucleic acid virus infections.

Trifluridine (NSC-75520) is a fluorinated thymidine analog with potential antineoplastic activity. Trifluridine is incorporated into DNA and inhibits thymidylate synthase, resulting in inhibition of DNA synthesis, inhibition of protein synthesis, and apoptosis. This agent also exhibits antiviral activity.

Auranofin (SKF-39162) is an antirheumatic agent, is used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, improves arthritis symptoms including painful or tender and swollen joints and morning stiffness.

Elebsiran is an antiviral agent [1] .

BVDU 5′-Triphosphate is an antiviral agent labeled with 5′-Triphosphate that specifically targets viral DNA polymerase. It exhibits outstanding selectivity for varicella-zoster virus (VZV) and herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) owing to its phosphorylation by the virus-specific thymidine kinase.

Olgotrelvir is an antiviral agent [1].

Fomivirsen sodium is an antisense 21 mer phosphorothioate oligonucleotide. Fomivirsen is an antiviral agent that is used cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMV) research, incluiding in AIDs. Fomivirsen sodium binds to and degrades the mRNAs encoding CMV immediate-early 2 protein (required for viral replication), thus providing bioactive effects for CMV retinitis by inhibition of virus proliferation.

2-deoxy-D-Glucose-13C6is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of 2-deoxy-D-glucose by GC- or LC-MS. 2-deoxy-D-Glucose is a glucose antimetabolite and an inhibitor of glycolysis.1,2It inhibits hexokinase, the enzyme that converts glucose to glucose-6-phosphate, as well as phosphoglucose isomerase, the enzyme that converts glucose-6-phosphate to fructose-6-phosphate.32-deoxy-D-Glucose (16 mM) induces apoptosis in SK-BR-3 cells, as well as inhibits the growth of 143B osteosarcoma cells cultured under hypoxic conditions when used at a concentration of 2 mg/ml.4,5In vivo, 2-deoxy-D-glucose (500 mg/kg) reduces tumor growth in 143B osteosarcoma and MV522 non-small cell lung cancer mouse xenograft models when used alone or in combination with doxorubicin or paclitaxel .6 1.Kang, H.T., and Hwang, E.S.2-Deoxyglucose: An anticancer and antiviral therapeutic, but not any more a low glucose mimeticLife Sci.78(12)1392-1399(2006) 2.Aft, R.L., Zhang, F.W., and Gius, D.Evaluation of 2-deoxy-D-glucose as a chemotherapeutic agent: Mechanism of cell deathBr. J. Cancer87(7)805-812(2002) 3.Ralser, M., Wamelink, M.M., Struys, E.A., et al.A catabolic block does not sufficiently explain how 2-deoxy-D-glucose inhibits cell growthProc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA105(46)17807-17811(2008) 4.Liu, H., Savaraj, N., Priebe, W., et al.Hypoxia increases tumor cell sensitivity to glycolytic inhibitors: A strategy for solid tumor therapy (Model C)Biochem. Pharmacol.64(12)1745-1751(2002) 5.Zhang, X.D., Deslandes, E., Villedieu, M., et al.Effect of 2-deoxy-D-glucose on various malignant cell lines in vitroAnticancer Res.26(5A)3561-3566(2006) 6.Maschek, G., Savaraj, N., Priebe, W., et al.2-deoxy-D-glucose increases the efficacy of adriamycin and paclitaxel in human osteosarcoma and non-small cell lung cancers in vivoCancer Res.64(1)31-34(2004)

FIT-039 is a selective and ATP-competitive, orally active inhibitor of CDK9( IC50 : 5.8 μM;CDK9 cyclin T1). FIT-039 inhibits replication of HSV-1 (IC50 of 0.69 μM), HSV-2, human adenovirus, and human CMV. FIT-039 is a promising antiviral agent for inhibiting drug-resistant HSVs and other DNA viruses.

(E)-5-(2-Bromovinyl)uracil (BVU) is a pyrimidine base and an inactive metabolite of the antiviral agents sorivudine and (E)-5-(2-bromovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine (BVDU) that may be regenerated to BVDU in vivo. BVU irreversibly inactivates dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) in an NADPH-dependent manner. It enhances the efficacy of the chemotherapeutic agent and DPD substrate 5-fluorouracil in a P388 murine leukemia model when administered at a dose of 200 μmol/kg, increasing survival time.

Compound 3a (Antifungal agent 62) exhibits potent fungicidal properties, particularly against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cucumerinum, and is utilized in antiviral and fungicidal research [1].

Sageone represents a promising anticancer agent against gastric cancer that warrants further study, it synergizes with cisplatin cytotoxicity in SNU-1 human gastric cancer cells.Sageone also shows antiviral activity.

Compound 3i (Antifungal agent 63) is a fungicidal agent displaying potent activity against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cucumerinum and has applications in antiviral and fungicidal research [1].

Atilotrelvir is an antiviral agent that can inhibit infections caused by coronaviruses, picornaviruses, and noroviruses [1].

XSJ2-46, a 5'-amino NI analog, is an antiviral agent possessing anti-Zika virus properties and demonstrates reasonable inhibition of RNA-dependent RNA polymerases (RdRp), with an IC50 of 8.78 μM [1].

Caffeoylcalleryanin demonstrated potent inhibitory activity against 15-lipoxygenase (15-LOX), with an IC50 value of 1.59 μM. Furthermore, ethanol extract from A. pulchra leaves (EEAPL) was found to contain compounds exhibiting antiviral properties, particularly effective against Dengue virus type 2 (DENV-2). Among these compounds, Caffeoylcalleryanin emerged as the most potent anti-DENV-2 agent, achieving a selectivity index (SI) of 20.0.

3-Cyanovinylcarbazole phosphoramidite acts as an antiviral agent by hindering viral DNA synthesis. This compound features a modified nucleoside, produced by introducing a cyano group at the ribonucleotide's C-3 position, enabling its utilization as a phosphoric acid amide in DNA synthesis [1].

Pradimicin A derivative 26 exhibits antifungal, antiviral, and antiparasitic properties by attaching to d-mannose (Man)-rich glycans in pathogenic organisms [1].