SLC1A3 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His & KSI) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-6xHis-KSI tag. The predicted molecular weight is 25.5 kDa and the accession number is P43003.

Excitatory insect beta-toxins induce a spastic paralysis. They bind voltage-independently at site-4 of sodium channels (Nav) and shift the voltage of activation toward more negative potentials thereby affecting sodium channel activation and promoting spontaneous and repetitive firing. This toxin induces a fast excitatory contraction paralysis on fly larvae. It is active only on insects. LqqIT1 Protein, Leiurus quinquestriatus quinquestriatus, Recombinant (His & Myc) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-10xHis and C-Myc tag. The predicted molecular weight is 12.9 kDa and the accession number is P19856.

May be involved in mediating uptake of synaptic material during synapse remodeling or in mediating the synaptic clustering of AMPA glutamate receptors at a subset of excitatory synapses.

Moderately selective excitatory receptor for orexin-A and, with a lower affinity, for orexin-B neuropeptide. Triggers an increase in cytoplasmic Ca(2+) levels in response to orexin-A binding. OX1R Protein, Human, Recombinant (His & SUMOstar) is expressed in yeast with N-6xHis-sumostar tag. The predicted molecular weight is 21.4 kDa and the accession number is O43613.

Complexin-2 (CPLX2), a member of the complexin/synaphin family, is a soluble pre-synaptic protein believed to regulate neurotransmitter release from pre-synaptic terminals. Complexins are soluble proteins that regulate the activity of soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) complexes necessary for vesicle fusion. Complexins are unable to bind to monomeric SNARE proteins but bind with high affinity to ternary SNARE complexes and with lower affinity to target SNARE complexes. Complexin 1 (CX1) and complexin 2 (CX2) are presynaptic proteins that modulate neurotransmitter release and are used as markers of inhibitory and excitatory synapses, respectively. CPLX2 is localized in pre-synaptic terminals in mature brain. The G71-P89 region of CPLX2 is essential and sufficient for preferential axonal distribution. CPLX2 participates in the Ca(2+)-sensitive regulatory pathway for zymogen granule exocytosis. Complexin-2 is a key player in normal neurological function, and its downregulation could lead to changes in neurotransmitter release sufficient to cause significant behavioural abnormalities such as depression. It is involved in synaptogenesis and the modulation of neurotransmitter release.

Neuroligin 3 (NLGN3) is a member of the type-B carboxylesterase/lipase family. Neuroligins (NLGNs) are a family of presumptive postsynaptic cell adhesion molecules. Neuroligins (NLs) constitute a family of cell-surface proteins that interact with neurexins (beta-Nxs), another class of neuronal cell-surface proteins, one of each class functioning together in synapse formation. Neuroligins control the formation and functional balance of excitatory and inhibitory synapses in hippocampal neurons. NLGN1 and NLGN2 isoforms are concentrated at glutamatergic and GABAergic synapses, respectively, but the cellular expression and synaptic localization of the endogenous. NLGN3 was enriched in the brain, where NLGN3 protein levels increased during postnatal development, coinciding with the peak of synaptogenesis. The NLGN3 is a synaptic adhesion molecule that is a shared component of glutamatergic and GABAergic synapses. Mutations in the NLGN3 gene may be associated with autism and Asperger syndrome.

Mediates the uptake of glutamate into synaptic vesicles at presynaptic nerve terminals of excitatory neural cells. May also mediate the transport of inorganic phosphate. Involved in the regulation of retinal hyaloid vessel regression during postnatal development. May also play a role in the endocrine glutamatergic system of other tissues such as pineal gland and pancreas. SLC17A6 Protein, Rat, Recombinant (His) is expressed in yeast with C-6xHis tag. The predicted molecular weight is 11.1 kDa and the accession number is Q9JI12.

Neuronal Pentraxin (NPTX1, NP1) is a secreted glycoprotein within the Pentraxin family. NPTX1 is co‑expressed and forms heteromultimers with the related secreted protein, NPTX2/NARP, NPTXR (Neuronal Pentraxin Receptor) at excitatory synapses. Mature human NPTX1 shares 97% aa sequence identity with mouse, and rat NPTX1. It is produced by hippocampal, cerebral and cerebellar neurons, retinal ganglia and the inner nuclear layer of the retina. It is enriched on presynaptic axonal membranes where it forms complexes with NPTXR. It may be involved in mediating uptake of synaptic material during synapse remodeling or in mediating the synaptic clustering of AMPA glutamate receptors at a subset of excitatory synapses.

CRIPT, also known as cysteine-rich PDZ-binding protein, belongs to the CRIPT family. It interacts with TUBB1. CRIPT also interacts strongly with the PDZ3 domain of members of the DLG4 family. It is involved in the cytoskeletal anchoring of DLG4 in excitatory synapses. CRIPT is highly conserved from mammals to plants and binds selectively to the third PDZ domain (PDZ3) of PSD-95 via its C terminus. n heterologous cells, CRIPT causes a redistribution of PSD-95 to microtubules. In brain, CRIPT colocalizes with PSD-95 in the postsynaptic density and can be coimmunoprecipitated with PSD-95 and tubulin. These findings suggest that CRIPT may regulate PSD-95 interaction with a tubulin-based cytoskeleton in excitatory synapses.

May be involved in mediating uptake of synaptic material during synapse remodeling or in mediating the synaptic clustering of AMPA glutamate receptors at a subset of excitatory synapses.

May regulate the number of excitatory synapses that are formed on hippocampus neurons. Has no effect on inhibitory synapses. Plays a role in glucose homeostasis. Via AMPK signaling pathway, stimulates glucose uptake in adipocytes, myotubes and hepatocytes and enhances insulin-stimulated glucose uptake. In a hepatoma cell line, reduces the expression of gluconeogenic enzymes G6PC1 and PCK1 and hence decreases de novo glucose production.

May regulate the number of excitatory synapses that are formed on hippocampus neurons. Has no effect on inhibitory synapses.

Neuropilin tolloid-like 1 (NETO1), a complement C1r/C1s, Uegf, Bmp1 (CUB) domain-containing transmembrane protein, is a novel component of the NMDAR complex critical for maintaining the abundance of NR2A-containing NMDARs in the postsynaptic density. The N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR), a major excitatory ligand-gated ion channel in the central nervous system (CNS), is a principal mediator of synaptic plasticity. Both NETO1 and NETO2 share an identical and unique domain structure thus representing a novel subfamily of CUB- and LDLa-containing proteins. The cytoplasmic domains of NETO1 and NETO2 are not homologous to other known protein sequences but contain a conserved FXNPXY-like motif, which is essential for the internalization of clathrin-coated pits during endocytosis or may be implicated in intracellular signaling pathways. NETO1 and NETO2, have marked effects on receptor properties, increasing further the potential diversity of Kainate receptors (KARs) functional properties. NETO1 involves in the development and/or maintenance of neuronal circuitry. NETO1 regulates long-term NMDA receptor-dependent synaptic plasticity and cognition, at least in the context of spatial learning and memory.

GOT1 (Glutamic-Oxaloacetic Transaminase 1) is a Protein Coding gene. GOT1 belongs to the class-I pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent aminotransferase family. Glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase is a pyridoxal phosphate-dependent enzyme that exists in cytoplasmic and mitochondrial forms, GOT1 and GOT2, respectively. GOT plays a role in amino acid metabolism and the urea and tricarboxylic acid cycles. The two enzymes are homodimeric and show close homology. GOT1 is an important regulator of levels of glutamate, the major excitatory neurotransmitter of the vertebrate central nervous system. GOT1 is broadly expressed in the heart, liver, and other tissues. Diseases associated with GOT1 include Aspartate Aminotransferase, Serum Level Of, Quantitative Trait Locus 1, and Lujo Hemorrhagic Fever.

Catalyzes the irreversible transamination of the L-tryptophan metabolite L-kynurenine to form kynurenic acid (KA), an intermediate in the tryptophan catabolic pathway which is also a broad spectrum antagonist of the three ionotropic excitatory amino acid receptors among others. Also metabolizes the cysteine conjugates of certain halogenated alkenes and alkanes to form reactive metabolites. Catalyzes the beta-elimination of S-conjugates and Se-conjugates of L-(seleno)cysteine, resulting in the cleavage of the C-S or C-Se bond.