melanoma cells

Involved in melanosome biogenesis by ensuring the stability of GPR143. Plays a vital role in the expression, stability, trafficking, and processing of melanocyte protein PMEL, which is critical to the formation of stage II melanosomes. MLANA Protein, Human, Recombinant (B2M & His) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-6xHis-B2M tag. The predicted molecular weight is 27.2 kDa and the accession number is Q16655.

Involved in melanosome biogenesis by ensuring the stability of GPR143. Plays a vital role in the expression, stability, trafficking, and processing of melanocyte protein PMEL, which is critical to the formation of stage II melanosomes. MLANA Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) is expressed in yeast with N-6xHis tag. The predicted molecular weight is 15.2 kDa and the accession number is Q16655.

Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A2 (EIF5A2) has been demonstrated to be upregulated in numerous types of human cancer and is associated with cancer progression. Silencing of EIF5A2 in the NSCLC cells resulted in the downregulation of the tumorigenic proteins, apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 and myc proto-oncogene protein, and upregulation of E-cadherin, suggesting that EIF5A2 promotes proliferation and metastasis through these proteins. EIF5A2 may therefore serve as a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of NSCLC. EIF5A2 might be a novel therapeutic target for the inhibition of NPC progress. EIF5A2 overexpression may contribute to cancer progression and poor prognosis, it could be a novel potential prognostic marker for FIGO stage I-II cervical cancer. EIF5A2 upregulation plays an important oncogenic role in gastric cancer. EIF5A2 may represent a new predictor for poor survival and is a potential therapeutic target for gastric cancer. The eukaryotic initiation factor 5A2 (EIF5A2) over-expression enhances HCC cell metastasis. EIF5A2, as a target of PI3K Akt, promotes melanoma cell invasion and may serve as a promising prognostic marker and a potential therapeutic target for melanoma.

ADGRG1 (Adhesion G Protein-Coupled Receptor G1, also known as GPR56) is a Protein Coding gene. GPR56 is a member of an adhesion G protein-coupled receptor family with a very long N-terminal stalk and seven transmembrane domains. The encoded protein binds specifically to transglutaminase 2, a component of tissue and tumor stroma implicated as an inhibitor of tumor progression. GPR56 may be a target for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. GPR56 inhibits melanoma metastatic growth by impeding the expansion of micrometastases to macrometastases. GPR56 loss of function promotes mesenchymal differentiation and radioresistance of glioma initiating cells both in vitro and in vivo. Diseases associated with ADGRG1 include Polymicrogyria, Bilateral Frontoparietal, and Polymicrogyria, Bilateral Perisylvian, Autosomal Recessive.

ATP-binding cassette sub-family B member 5(ABCB5) is a plasma membrane-spanning protein. ABCB5 is principally expressed in physiological skin and human malignant melanoma. ABCB5 has been suggested to regulate skin progenitor cell fusion and mediate chemotherapeutic drug resistance in stem-like tumor cell subpopulations in human malignant melanoma. It is commonly over-expressed on circulating melanoma tumour cells. Furthermore, the ABCB5+ melanoma- initiating cells were demonstrated to express FLT1 (VEGFR1) receptor tyrosine kinase which was functionally required for efficient xenograft tumor formation, as demonstrated by shRNA knockdown experiments.

AIM2, Absent In Melanoma 2 is a member of the interferon-inducible HIN-200 protein family that contains an amino-terminal pyrin domain and a carboxy-terminal oligonucleotide oligosaccharide-binding domain, senses cytoplasmic DNA by means of its oligonucleotide oligosaccharide-binding domain and interacts with ASC (apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD) through its pyrin domain to activate caspase-1. In response to foreign cytoplasmic DNA, AIM2 forms an inflammasome, resulting in caspase activation in inflammatory cells. It had been pointed to a role of AIM2 function in both inflammation and cancer. AIM-2 antigen is expressed in a wide variety of tumor types, including neuroectodermal tumors, as well as breast, ovarian and colon carcinomas. AIM-2 could be used as a tumor antigen target for monitoring vaccine trials or to develop antigen specific active immunotherapy for glioma patients.

S100-B, is an acidic protein with a molecular weight of 21 kDa belonging to the S100 family. S100-B contains two EF-hand-type calcium-binding motifs separated by a hinge region with a hydrophobic cleft. S100-B plays an important role in neurodevelopment, differentiation, and brain construction. S100-B has neuroprotective effects, but at high concentrations S100-B is neurotoxic. Extracellular concentration of S100-B increases following brain damage, which easily penetrates into cerebrospinal fluid in brain damage and then into the blood. S100-B is expressed and produced by astrocytes in vertebrate brains and in the CNS, and the astrocytes are the major cells producing S100-B protein in gray matter, as well as oligodendrocytes are the predominant S100-B in protein producing cells in white matter. The major advantage of using S100-B is that elevations in serum or CSF levels provide a sensitive measure for determining CNS injury at the molecular level before gross changes develop, enabling timely delivery of crucial medical intervention before irreversible damage occurs. In addition, S100-B, which is also present in Mouse melanocytes, is a reliable marker for melanoma malignancy both in bioptic tissue and in serum.

Activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule (ALCAM), also named as CD166 and MEMD, is a typeI transmembrane glycoprotein of immunoglobulin superfamily, which mediates homotypic and heterotypic interactions between cells. ALCAM interacts with high affinity with CD6 molecule but weaker homotypic (ALCAM–ALCAM) interactions have also been described. ALCAM–CD6 interactions play an important role in the maintenance of T cell activation, proliferation as well as in formation of immune synapse between antigen-presenting cell and lymphocytes. ALCAM is expressed on a wide variety of cells, particularly on activated lymphocytes, dendritic cells and monocytes, and on various epithelial cell types. It is also involved in multiple processes including embryogenesis, hematopoiesis, angiogenesis, and immune response. While expressed in a wide variety of tissues, ALCAM is usually restricted to subsets of cells in most adult tissues. Recently studies showed ALCAM has prognostic relevance in several human carcinomas, and it has been used as a biomarker for several tumor entities, including melanoma, gynecologic, urologic, and gastrointestinal cancers.

Has bactericidal activity against E.faecalis and L.monocytogenes, but not against L.innocua and E.coli. Promotes angiogenesis (in vitro). Has low ribonuclease activity (in vitro). Promotes proliferation of melanoma cells, but not of endothelial cells or fibroblasts (in vitro). Angiogenin-4 Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (His & Myc & SUMO) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-6xHis-SUMO and C-Myc tag. The predicted molecular weight is 31.4 kDa and the accession number is Q3TMQ6.

Extracellular Matrix Metalloproteinase Inducer (EMMPRIN) belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily, which has the homology to both the immunoglobulin V domain and MHC class II antigen β-chain. EMMPRIN is a transmembrane glycoprotein with different forms, resulting from different modes of glycosylation and N-terminal sequence variants. EMMPRIN can be expressed in breast cancer, oral squamous cell carcinoma, glioma, lymphoma, lung, bladder, and melanoma carcinomas cells. EMMPRIN promotes invasion, metastasis, growth, and survival of malignants cells, serves as a receptor for extracellular cyclophilinthe, may play a role in signal transduction.

Acts as a regulator of the antiangiogenic activity on endothelial cells. When overexpressed in endothelial cells, leads to inhibition of cell proliferation and migration and an increase in apoptosis. Inhibits melanoma growth When expressed in tumor-associated vasculature. FILIP1L Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-6xHis tag. The predicted molecular weight is 27.6 kDa and the accession number is Q4L180.

TDGF1 (CRIPTO) is a member of the epidermal growth factor-Cripto-1 FRL-1 Cryptic (EGF CFC) gene family and an obligate co-receptor involved in NODAL signaling, a developmental program implicated in midline, forebrain, and left-right axis development in model organisms. Cripto-1 is enriched in a subpopulation of embryonal, melanoma, prostate, and pancreatic cancer cells that possess stem-like characteristics. Therefore, Cripto-1 may play a role during developmental EMT, and it may also be involved in the reprogramming of differentiated tumor cells into cancer stem cells through the induction of an EMT program.

Catalase (CAT) is a member of the catalase family. It exists as a homotetramer that occurs in almost all aerobically respiring organisms and serves to protect cells from the toxic effects of hydrogen peroxide. Catalase is localized in the peroxisome. Catalase promotes growth of cells including T-cells, B-cells, myeloid leukemia cells, melanoma cells, mastocytoma cells, and normal and transformed fibroblast cells. Defects in CAT are the cause of acatalasemia which is characterized by absence of catalase activity in red cells and is associated with ulcerating oral lesions.

Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 9 (CXCL9, MIG), is a small cytokine belonging to the CXC chemokine family. CXCL9 functions as one of the three ligands of chemokine receptor CXCR3 which is a G protein-coupled receptor found predominantly on T cells. It together with CXCL10 and CXCL11, may activate CXCR3 by binding to it. CXCL9 serves as a cytokine that affects the growth, movement, or activation state of cells that participate in immune and inflammatory response. It has been observed that tumour endothelial cells secrete high levels of CXCL9 in all, and CXCL10 in most melanoma metastases. it plays an important role in CD4+ T lymphocyte recruitment and development of CAV, MOMA-2+ macrophages are the predominant recipient-derived source of CXCL9, and recipient CD4 lymphocytes are necessary for sustained CXCL9 production and CAV development in this model.

Melanotransferrin is typically overexpressed in melanoma cells compared to other cell types - including cancer cells - and is efficiently sorted and secreted with nanovesicles, or so-called exosomes, due to its membrane-anchoring by a glycosylphosphatidylinositol. Melanotransferrin is exposed on the surface of exosomes and is accessible for antibody recognition.

Has bactericidal activity against E.faecalis and L.monocytogenes, but not against L.innocua and E.coli. Promotes angiogenesis (in vitro). Has low ribonuclease activity (in vitro). Promotes proliferation of melanoma cells, but not of endothelial cells or fibroblasts (in vitro). Angiogenin-4 Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (His & SUMOstar) is expressed in yeast with N-6xHis-sumostar tag. The predicted molecular weight is 29.9 kDa and the accession number is Q3TMQ6.

Melanoma Inhibitory Activity Protein (MIA) is an autocrine growth regulatory protein secreted from chondrocytes and malignant melanoma cells, which was the first discovered member of a family of secreted cytokines termed the MIA OTOR family. The four known members of this family: MIA, MIA2, OTOR and TANGO each contain a Src homology-3 (SH3)-like domain. MIA acts as a potent tumor cell growth inhibitor for malignant melanoma cells and some other neuroectodermal tumors, including gliomas, in an autocrine fashion and promotes melanoma metastasis by binding competitively to fibronectin and laminin in a manner that results in melanoma cell detachment from the extracellular matrix in vivo. The protein MIA has been shown to represent a very sensitive and specific serum marker for systemic malignant melanoma that might be useful for staging of primary melanomas, detection of progression from localized to metastatic disease during follow-up, and monitoring therapy of advanced melanomas. Elevated levels of MIA may represent a clinically useful marker for diagnosis of melanoma metastasis as well as a potential marker for rheumatoid arthritis.