microorganisms

Collagenase Type I is a proteolytic enzyme that breaks down the peptide bonds in collagen, the main structural protein of connective tissue. Collagenase has been explored as a potential treatment option to break down herniated disc material, thereby reducing pressure on nearby nerves. Collagenase may aid in the breakdown and reorganization of excessive scar tissue, potentially improving tissue function and appearance. Collagenase has the potential to treat disc herniation, keloid, cellulite, lipoma, as well as Peroni's disease and palm fibromatosis.

Berberine hydrogen sulphate (Umbellatine Sulfate) , an alkaloid extracted from several plants, possesses antimicrobial activity against a wide variety of microorganisms including Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, fungi, and protozoa.

Ectoine (L-Ectoine) is an osmoprotectant in a variety of microorganisms including halophilic and heterotrophic bacteria and non-halophilic bacteria such as the Streptomyces species, as well as E.coli.

Fenchyl alcohol is a monoterpene alcohol extracted from the essential oil of Douglas fir leaves and used as a flavor. It significantly inhibits the activity of rumen microorganisms in sheep and deer.

Hyaluronic acid (hyaluronan) is a glucosaminoglycan consisting of D-glucuronic acid and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine disaccharide units that is a component of connective tissue, skin, vitreous humour, umbilical cord, synovial fluid and the capsule of certain microorganisms contributing to adhesion, elasticity, and viscosity of extracellular substances.

Palmitic acid (Cetylic acid) is a natural product, a common saturated fatty acid found in animals, plants and microorganisms. Palmitic acid has antitumor activity.

1-Kestose shows significant anti-hydroxyl radical potential. 1-Kestose can promote intestinal Lactobacillus number, and influence the microorganisms as well as the intestinal and systemic immune responses.

Orotidine 5'-monophosphate trisodium, a pyrimidine nucleotide, is synthesized through the de novo DNA synthesis pathway by various microorganisms, including M. tuberculosis, S. cerevisiae, S. typhimurium, and P. falciparum. The compound's production involves orotate phosphoribosyltransferase (OPRT)-catalyzed reactions using phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate (PRPP) and orotic acid (OA) as substrates [1].

Lysicamine shows significant antioxidant capacity in the ORAC(FL) assay and it is active against S. epidermidis and C. dubliniensis, with MIC values in the range 12.5-100 microg mL(-1). Lysicamine has antimicrobial and anti-inflammation activity, the mini

'(12β)-20-(β-D-Glucopyranosyloxy)-12-hydroxydammar-24-en-3-one is a naturally occurring compound isolated from Cladosporium microorganisms [1].'

Glucoamylase, an enzyme obtained from various sources such as plants, animals, and microorganisms, is utilized in industrial applications. It is extensively employed in starch saccharification processes and the brewing and distilling industries [1].

Hexadecanedioic acid (1,16-Hexadecanedioic acid) is a common saturated fatty acid found in animals, plants and microorganisms. It has antitumor activity.

Tauro-Obeticholic acid is an active Obeticholic acid metabolite. Obeticholic acid is an orally bioavailable agonist of farnesoid-X receptor (FXR).

Tylosin (Tylosine) is a macrolide antibiotic obtained from cultures of Streptomyces fradiae. The drug is effective against many microorganisms in animals but not in humans.

Phenylethyl isothiocyanate (JC5411) is an HDAC inhibitor. It potentially for the treatment of benign prostatic hypertrophy.

Fulvic Acid is a natural product of humus produced by microorganisms in soil, sediment or aquatic environments. Fulvic acid is a phenolic acid and fungal metabolite isolated from Penicillium for the first time. Fulvic Acid inhibits the dimerization of amyloid b (17-42) (AB17-42), destroys the pre-formed trimer of AB17-42, and binds to the catalytic site of phosphodiesterase 5A (PDE5A), which can regulate the body's immune system, affect the oxidation state of cells, and improve gastrointestinal function. Fulvic Acid can be used as an oxidant or reducing agent and has the potential to study chronic inflammatory diseases such as diabetes.

Sodium taurocholate (Taurocholate Sodium) hydrate is the main end product of cholesterol catabolism. During enterohepatic circulation, bile taurocholic acid is converted by the microorganisms to taurodeoxycholic acid and deoxycholic acid.[3] These are reabsorbed by the liver via a carrier-mediated process and converted by liver enzymes to taurocholic acid.

(2R,3R)-Butane-2,3-diol (levo-2,3-Butanediol) is found in cocoa and cocoa products. (2R,3R)-2,3-Butanediol is isolated from cocoa butter and roots of Ruta graveolens (rue).2,3-Butanediol is one of the constitutional isomers of butanediol. The 2R,3R stereoisomer of 2,3-butanediol is produced by a variety of microorganisms, in a process known as butanediol fermentation. It is found in cocoa butter and in the roots of Ruta graveolens.

Kijanimicin is an antitumor and antibiotic. It is a unique, large acid enol antibiotic and possesses an unusual in vitro spectrum of activity against some Gram-positive and anaerobic microorganisms. It has also shown interesting activity against malaria i

Epiglobulol shows antibacterial activities, it can strongly inhibit the growth of foodborne microorganisms. Epiglobulol can inhibit the recombinant human UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) 2B7, it may serve as valuable lead structures for the design of pot

Laccase (Denilite IIS) is a polycopper oxidase (MCOs) widely found in microorganisms, plants, and fungi with antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity that can be used in the study of cancer.Laccase promotes oxidative coupling of mono-lignin in lignin formation.

Cyclo(L-Pro-L-Val), a 2,5-diketopiperazine extracted from the fruits of Mycobacterium chiliolyticum AZ2 and Mycobacterium leprae, possesses anti-inflammatory activity and virulence activity against phytopathogenic microorganisms (e.g., R. fascians LMG 3605) and inhibits Gram-positive plant pathogens.Cyclo(L-Pro-L-Val) significantly inhibited IKKα phosphorylation and IκBα and NF-κB activation as well as iNOS and COX-2 activation in a concentration Cyclo(L-Pro-L-Val) significantly inhibited the phosphorylation of IKKα, IKKβ, IκBα, and NF-κB, as well as the activation of iNOS and COX-2 in a concentration-dependent manner, and is a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of inflammation-related diseases.

Maximin H2, an antimicrobial peptide originating from the skin secretions of the Chinese red belly toad (Bombina maxima), exhibits inhibitory effects on a range of microorganisms, specifically Escherichia coli (ATCC25922), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC2592), Bacillus pyocyaneus (CMCCB1010), and Candida albicans (ATCC2002). The respective minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values are reported as 20, 2, 4, and 2 μg/ml [1].

Erlose, a trisaccharide present in soybean aphid honeydew and composed of sucrose, acts as a sweetener substitute to inhibit dental caries formation by oral microorganisms, primarily Streptococcus mutans. Erlose can serve as a reference compound in high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) methods employed for the analysis of sugar content in various food samples.

Maximin H4, an antimicrobial peptide originating from the skin secretions of the Chinese red belly toad (Bombina maxima), exhibits inhibitory activity against a spectrum of microorganisms, including Escherichia coli (ATCC25922), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC2592), Bacillus pyocyaneus (CMCCB1010), and Candida albicans (ATCC2002), with respective minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 12, 6, 12, and 6 μg/ml [1].