entry

Mouse Protein Tnfrsf14, is a type I transmembrane protein belonging to the TNF receptor superfamily. It is tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 14 and expressed on the surface of T cells during the resting state. Interaction of HVEM with TNF family member LIGHT co-stimulates T cells and promotes inflammation. HVEM also triggers inhibitory signaling cascade in effector T (Teff) cells and regulatory T cells (Tregs) as a ligand of B and T lymphocyte attenuator. Tnfrsf14 is detected in peripheral blood T cells, B cells, monocytes and in various tissues enriched in lymphoid cells. It has demonstrated that HVEM Ig is able to exert a significant antiviral effect against HSV-1 infection in vivo.

Nectin-2 Protein, Human, Recombinant is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells. The predicted molecular weight is 36.2 kDa and the accession number is Q92692-2.

Nectin-2 Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (His) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 36 kDa and the accession number is P32507-1.

PVRL1/NECTIN1 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 35.4 kDa and the accession number is Q15223-1.

Nectin-2 Protein, Cynomolgus, Recombinant (His) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 37.2 kDa and the accession number is Q0MSE5.

PVRL1/NECTIN1 Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (His) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 37.6 kDa and the accession number is Q9JKF6.

CD112 is a type I transmembrane glycoprotein belonging to the Immunoglobulin superfamily. It comprises one Ig-like V-type domain and two Ig-like C2-type domains in the extracellular region. The V domain is believed to mediate nectin binding to its ligands. Nectin2 is known to bind the pseudorabies virus, and herpes simplex virus2 (HSV2), involving in cell to cell spreading of these viruses. It does not bind poliovirus. As a homophilic adhesion molecule, CD112 is found concentrated in adherens junctions, and exists on neurons, endothelial cells,epithelial cells and fibroblasts. CD112 has been identified as the ligand for DNAM-1 (CD226), and the interaction of CD226/CD112 mediates cytotoxicity and cytokine secretion by T and NK cells. The costimulatory responses may be a critical component in allergic reactions and may therefore become targets for anti-allergic therapy.

Envelope protein part of the entry-fusion complex responsible for the virus membrane fusion with host cell membrane during virus entry. Also plays a role in cell-cell fusion (syncytium formation). Vaccinia virus (strain Western Reserve) OPG094 Protein (His) is expressed in yeast with C-6xHis tag. The predicted molecular weight is 37.8 kDa and the accession number is P07611.

Nectin-2 Protein, Human, Recombinant (hFc) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with hFc tag. The predicted molecular weight is 62.3 kDa and the accession number is Q92692-2.

Envelope protein which probably plays a role in virus entry into the host cell. Is probably involved in the virus attachment to the host cell surface and associates with the entry/fusion complex (EFC). Needed for fusion and penetration of the virus core into host cell. Vaccinia virus (strain Western Reserve) L1 Protein (His) is expressed in yeast with N-6xHis tag. The predicted molecular weight is 21.3 kDa and the accession number is P07612.

PVRL1/NECTIN1 Protein, Human, Recombinant (hFc), Biotinylated is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with hFc tag. The predicted molecular weight is 61 kDa and the accession number is Q15223-1.

Nectin-2 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His & Avi), Biotinylated is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with His and Avi tag. The predicted molecular weight is 38.80 kDa and the accession number is Q92692-2.

HVEM Protein, Rhesus macaque, Recombinant (hFc) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with C-Fc tag. The predicted molecular weight is 60 KDa and the accession number is A0A2K5W0R1.

Envelope protein which probably plays a role in virus entry into the host cell. Is probably involved in the virus attachment to the host cell surface and associates with the entry/fusion complex (EFC). Needed for fusion and penetration of the virus core into host cell. Vaccinia virus (strain Copenhagen) L1 Protein (E. coli, His & Myc) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-10xHis and C-Myc tag. The predicted molecular weight is 26.8 kDa and the accession number is P20540.

Nectin-2 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 36.2 kDa and the accession number is Q92692-2.

PVRL1/NECTIN1 Protein, Human, Recombinant (hFc) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with hFc tag. The predicted molecular weight is 61 kDa and the accession number is Q15223-1.

PVRL1/NECTIN1 Protein, Rat, Recombinant (His) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 37.6 kDa and the accession number is A6J3U6.

PVRL1/NECTIN1 Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (hFc) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with hFc tag. The predicted molecular weight is 62.9 kDa and the accession number is Q9JKF6.

Nectin-2 Protein, Human, Recombinant (hFc & Avi), Biotinylated is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with hFc and Avi tag. The predicted molecular weight is 64.08 kDa and the accession number is Q92692-2.

HVEM Protein, Rhesus macaque, Recombinant (His) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with C-6xHis tag. The predicted molecular weight is 22-40 KDa and the accession number is F7GSW4.

Envelope protein which probably plays a role in virus entry into the host cell. Is probably involved in the virus attachment to the host cell surface and associates with the entry/fusion complex (EFC). Needed for fusion and penetration of the virus core into host cell. Vaccinia virus (strain Copenhagen) L1 Protein (His & Myc) is expressed in Baculovirus insect cells with N-10xHis and C-Myc tag. The predicted molecular weight is 23.2 kDa and the accession number is P20540.

Envelope protein which probably plays a role in virus entry into the host cell. Is probably involved in the virus attachment to the host cell surface and associates with the entry/fusion complex (EFC). Needed for fusion and penetration of the virus core into host cell. Vaccinia virus (strain Western Reserve) L1 Protein (E. coli, His) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-6xHis tag. The predicted molecular weight is 24.8 kDa and the accession number is P07612.

PVRL1/NECTIN1 Protein, Rat, Recombinant (hFc) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with hFc tag. The predicted molecular weight is 63.3 kDa and the accession number is A6J3U6.

Nectin-2 Protein, Rat, Recombinant (His) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 36 kDa and the accession number is Q9ESS6.

C-C Motif Chemokine 3-Like 1 (CCL3L1) is a secreted protein that belongs to the intercrine beta (chemokine CC) family. CCL3L1 is a ligand for CCR1, CCR3 and CCR5. CCL3L1 binds to several chemokine receptors including chemokine binding protein 2 and chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 5 (CCR5). CCR5 is a co-receptor for HIV, and binding of this protein to CCR5 inhibits HIV entry. The processed form LD78-beta (3-70) shows a 20-fold to 30-fold higher chemotactic activity and is a very potent inhibitor of HIV-1-infection. The copy number of this gene varies among individuals: most individuals have 1-6 copies in the diploid genome, although rare individuals have zero or more than six copies. The human genome reference assembly contains two full copies of the gene (CCL3L3 and CCL3L1) and a partial pseudogene. This record represents the more centromeric full-length gene.

Isoform VP2 is a structural protein that resides within the core of the capsid surrounded by 72 VP1 pentamers. Participates in host cell receptor binding together with VP1. Following virus endocytosis and trafficking to the endoplasmic reticulum, VP2 and VP3 form oligomers and integrate into the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. Heterooligomer VP2-VP3 may create a viroporin for transporting the viral genome across the endoplasmic reticulum membrane to the cytoplasm. Nuclear entry of the viral DNA involves the selective exposure and importin recognition of VP2 or Vp3 nuclear localization signal (shared C-terminus). Plays a role in virion assembly within the nucleus in particular through a DNA-binding domain located in the C-terminal region. A N-terminal myristoylation suggests a scaffold function for virion assembly.; structural protein that resides within the core of the capsid surrounded by 72 VP1 pentamers. Following virus endocytosis and trafficking to the endoplasmic reticulum, VP2 and VP3 form oligomers and integrate into the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. Heterooligomer VP2-VP3 may create a viroporin for transporting the viral genome across the endoplasmic reticulum membrane to the cytoplasm. Nuclear entry of the viral DNA involves the selective exposure and importin recognition of VP2 or Vp3 nuclear localization signal (shared C-terminus). Isoform VP3 plays a role in virion assembly within the nucleus. May participate in host cell lysis when associated with VP4.; Isoform VP4 is a viroporin inducing perforation of cellular membranes to trigger virus progeny release. Forms pores of 3 nm inner diameter. VP4 is expressed about 24 hours after the late structural proteins and is not incorporated into the mature virion.

Forms pores that allow passive diffusion of small molecules across the outer membrane.; (Microbial infection) Supports colicin E5 entry in the absence of its major receptor OmpF.; (Microbial infection) A mixed OmpC-OmpF heterotrimer is the outer membrane receptor for toxin CdiA-EC536; polymorphisms in extracellular loops 4 and 5 of OmpC confer susceptibility to CdiA-EC536-mediated toxicity.

Associates with chromatin regions downstream of transcriptional start sites of active genes and thus regulates gene transcription. Chromatin interaction is mediated via the binding to tri-methylated histone H3 at 'Lys-4' (H3K4me3). Key regulator of hematopoiesis involved in terminal myeloid differentiation and in the regulation of hematopoietic stem cell (HSCs) self-renewal by a mechanism that involves DNA methylation. Also acts as an important cell cycle regulator, participating in cell cycle regulatory network machinery at multiple cell cycle stages including G1/S transition, S phase progression and mitotic entry. Recruited to E2F1 responsive promoters by HCFC1 where it stimulates tri-methylation of histone H3 at 'Lys-4' and transcriptional activation and thereby facilitates G1 to S phase transition. During myoblast differentiation, required to suppress inappropriate expression of S-phase-promoting genes and maintain expression of determination genes in quiescent cells.; Cellular ligand for NCR2/NKp44, may play a role as a danger signal in cytotoxicity and NK-cell-mediated innate immunity.

Calcium/calmodulin-dependent myosin light chain kinase implicated in smooth muscle contraction via phosphorylation of myosin light chains (MLC). Also regulates actin-myosin interaction through a non-kinase activity. Phosphorylates PTK2B/PYK2 and myosin light-chains. Involved in the inflammatory response (e.g. apoptosis, vascular permeability, leukocyte diapedesis), cell motility and morphology, airway hyperreactivity and other activities relevant to asthma. Required for tonic airway smooth muscle contraction that is necessary for physiological and asthmatic airway resistance. Necessary for gastrointestinal motility. Implicated in the regulation of endothelial as well as vascular permeability, probably via the regulation of cytoskeletal rearrangements. In the nervous system it has been shown to control the growth initiation of astrocytic processes in culture and to participate in transmitter release at synapses formed between cultured sympathetic ganglion cells. Critical participant in signaling sequences that result in fibroblast apoptosis. Plays a role in the regulation of epithelial cell survival. Required for epithelial wound healing, especially during actomyosin ring contraction during purse-string wound closure. Mediates RhoA-dependent membrane blebbing. Triggers TRPC5 channel activity in a calcium-dependent signaling, by inducing its subcellular localization at the plasma membrane. Promotes cell migration (including tumor cells) and tumor metastasis. PTK2B/PYK2 activation by phosphorylation mediates ITGB2 activation and is thus essential to trigger neutrophil transmigration during acute lung injury (ALI). May regulate optic nerve head astrocyte migration. Probably involved in mitotic cytoskeletal regulation. Regulates tight junction probably by modulating ZO-1 exchange in the perijunctional actomyosin ring. Mediates burn-induced microvascular barrier injury; triggers endothelial contraction in the development of microvascular hyperpermeability by phosphorylating MLC. Essential for intestinal barrier dysfunction. Mediates Giardia spp.-mediated reduced epithelial barrier function during giardiasis intestinal infection via reorganization of cytoskeletal F-actin and tight junctional ZO-1. Necessary for hypotonicity-induced Ca(2+) entry and subsequent activation of volume-sensitive organic osmolyte/anion channels (VSOAC) in cervical cancer cells. Responsible for high proliferative ability of breast cancer cells through anti-apoptosis.

Plays a role in the dissolution of the outermost membrane of extracellular enveloped virions (EV) to allow virion entry into host cells. Participates also in wrapping mature virions (MV) to form enveloped virions (EV). Vaccinia virus (strain Western Reserve) OPG190 Protein (His) is expressed in yeast with N-6xHis tag. The predicted molecular weight is 31.1 kDa and the accession number is Q01227.

The heterodimer glycoprotein H-glycoprotein L is required for the fusion of viral and plasma membranes leading to virus entry into the host cell. Following initial binding to host receptor, membrane fusion is mediated by the fusion machinery composed of gB and the heterodimer gH/gL. May also be involved in the fusion between the virion envelope and the outer nuclear membrane during virion morphogenesis. Varicella-zoster virus (strain Oka vaccine) glycoprotein H/gH Protein (His) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-6xHis tag. The predicted molecular weight is 47 kDa and the accession number is Q775J3.

The heterodimer glycoprotein H-glycoprotein L is required for the fusion of viral and plasma membranes leading to virus entry into the host cell. Acts as a functional inhibitor of gH and maintains gH in an inhibited form. Upon binding to host integrins, gL dissociates from gH leading to activation of the viral fusion glycoproteins gB and gH. Varicella-zoster virus (strain Oka vaccine) glycoprotein L/gL Protein (His & Myc) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-10xHis and C-Myc tag. The predicted molecular weight is 22.6 kDa and the accession number is Q9J3N1.

Prevents cell to cell fusion by interacting with and directing the viral K2 protein on the host plasma membrane. The A56-K2 complex associates with components of the entry fusion complex (EFC) presumably to avoid superinfection and syncytium formation. Via its interaction with C3/VCP protein, protects the infected cell and probably also the extracellular enveloped virus from complement attack. Vaccinia virus (strain Copenhagen) OPG185 Protein (His) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-6xHis tag. The predicted molecular weight is 31.6 kDa and the accession number is P20978.

Gastric intrinsic factor, also known as GIF, belongs to the of the cobalamin transport protein family. It is a glycoprotein produced by the parietal cells of the stomach. Gastric intrinsic factor plays a key role in the absorption of vitamin B12 on in the small intestine. Vitamin B12 bounds to haptocorrin after entry into the stomach. The resulting complex enters the duodenum, where pancreatic enzymes digest haptocorrin. In the less acidic environment of the small intestine, B12 can then bind to gastric intrinsic factor. This new complex travels to the ileum, where special epithelial cells endocytose them. Inside the cell, B12 dissociates once again and binds to another protein, transcobalamin II. The new complex can exit the epithelial cells to enter the liver.

B- and T-Lymphocyte Attenuator (BTLA) is a single-pass type I membrane protein containing 1 Ig-like V-type (immunoglobulin-like) domain. BTLA expression is induced during activation of T cells, and BTLA remains expressed on Th1 cells but not Th2 cells. Like PD1 and CTLA4, BTLA interacts with a B7 homolog, B7H4. However, unlike PD-1 and CTLA-4, BTLA displays T-Cell inhibition via interaction with tumor necrosis family receptors (TNF-R), not just the B7 family of cell surface receptors. BTLA is a lymphocyte inhibitory receptor that inhibits lymphocytes during immune response. BTLA also is a ligand for tumor necrosis factor (receptor) superfamily, member 14 (TNFRSF14), also known as herpes virus entry mediator (HVEM). BTLA-HVEM complexes negatively regulate T-cell immune responses.

C-Type Lectin Domain Family 10 Member A (CLEC10A) is a type II transmembrane C-type lectin that is expressed on immature myleloid dendritic cells and alternatively activated (tolerogenic) macrophages. CLEC10A/MGL binds and internalizes molecules with terminal nonsialylated GalNAc carbohydrates such as the Tn carcinoma antigen. CLEC10A/MGL also binds the GP envelope glycoprotein on Marburg and Ebola viruses and enhances viral entry and infectivity. It constitute a unique class of C-type lectins because of their specificity for galactose and its structural homologues. CLEC10A is thought to participate in the recognition of molecules from both altered self and pathogens due to its monosaccharide specificity for Gal and N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc). Human and rat carry a single gene for CLEC10A/MGL, while mouse has two closely related MGL1 and MGL2 genes.

Poliovirus Receptor (PVR) is a 70 kDa type I transmembrane single-span glycoprotein that belongs to the nectin-like (Necl) family and was originally identified based on its ability to mediate the cell attachment and entry of poliovirus (PV), an etiologic agent of the central nervous system disease poliomyelitis. PVR contains three Ig-like extracellular domains, a transmembrane segment, and a cytoplasmic tail. The normal cellular function of PVR maybe the involvement of intercellular adhension between epithelial cells. Alternate splicing of the PVR mRNA yields four different isoforms (α, β, γ, and δ) with identical extracellular domains.

Nectin-4 seems to be involved in cell adhesion through trans-homophilic and -heterophilic interactions, the latter including specifically interactions with NECTIN1. Does not act as receptor for alpha-herpesvirus entry into cells.(Microbial infection) Acts as a receptor for measles virus. Nectin-4 Protein IgV Domain, Human, Recombinant (His & Avi) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with C-His-Avi tag. The predicted molecular weight is 15.8 kDa and the accession number is Q96NY8-1.

Plays a major role in tight junction-specific obliteration of the intercellular space, through calcium-independent cell-adhesion activity.; (Microbial infection) Acts as a receptor for hepatitis C virus (HCV) entry into hepatic cells. Claudin-9 Protein-VLP, Human, Recombinant (His) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with C-10xHis tag. The predicted molecular weight is 24.2 kDa and the accession number is O95484.

Plasma membrane-anchored serine protease that directly induces processing of pro-uPA/PLAU into the active form through proteolytic activity. Seems to be capable of activating ENaC.; (Microbial infection) In gut epithelial cells, facilitates human coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 infection through, at least, the cleavage of coronavirus spike glycoproteins which activates the glycoprotein for host cell entry. TMPRSS4 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His & Myc) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-10xHis and C-Myc tag. The predicted molecular weight is 49.8 kDa and the accession number is Q9NRS4.

Plays a role in store-operated Ca(2+) entry (SOCE).

Plays a role in viral entry into host cells. Forms a pentameric complex at the surface of the viral envelope together with gH, gL, UL130 and UL131. This complex is required for entry in epithelial, endothelial and myeloid host cells. Mechanistically, engages host receptor(s) including neurophilin 2/NRP2 to mediate infection. Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) (strain AD169) UL130 Protein (His & SUMO) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-6xHis-SUMO tag. The predicted molecular weight is 37.7 kDa and the accession number is P16772.

Promotes megakaryocyte differentiation by up-regulating RUNX1 expression. Regulates RUNX1 expression by activating the proximal promoter of the RUNX1 gene and by enhancing the translation activity of an internal ribosome entry site (IRES) element in the RUNX1 gene. PITHD1 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His & Myc) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-10xHis and C-Myc tag. The predicted molecular weight is 31.6 kDa and the accession number is Q9GZP4.

Forms a proton-selective ion channel that is necessary for the efficient release of the viral genome during virus entry. After attaching to the cell surface, the virion enters the cell by endocytosis. Acidification of the endosome triggers M2 ion channel activity. The influx of protons into virion interior is believed to disrupt interactions between the viral ribonucleoprotein (RNP), matrix protein 1 (M1), and lipid bilayers, thereby freeing the viral genome from interaction with viral proteins and enabling RNA segments to migrate to the host cell nucleus, where influenza virus RNA transcription and replication occur. Also plays a role in viral proteins secretory pathway. Elevates the intravesicular pH of normally acidic compartments, such as trans-Golgi network, preventing newly formed hemagglutinin from premature switching to the fusion-active conformation.

Attaches the virus to host cellular receptor, inducing endocytosis of the virion. In the endosome, the acidic pH induces conformational changes in the glycoprotein trimer, which trigger fusion between virus and cell membrane. There is convincing in vitro evidence that the muscular form of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR), the neuronal cell adhesion molecule (NCAM), and the p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) bind glycoprotein and thereby facilitate rabies virus entry into cells. Rabies virus (RABV) (strain India) Glycoprotein (His) is expressed in yeast with N-6xHis tag. The predicted molecular weight is 51.4 kDa and the accession number is A3RM22.

Plays a role in the dissolution of the outermost membrane of extracellular enveloped virions (EEV) to allow virion entry into host cells. Participates also in wrapping intracellular mature virions (IMV) to form intracellular enveloped virions (IEV). Vaccinia virus (strain Copenhagen) OPG190 Protein (His & Myc) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-10xHis and C-Myc tag. The predicted molecular weight is 36.5 kDa and the accession number is P21115.

Glutamine:fructose-6-phosphate amidotransferase 1 (GFAT), also known as GFPT1, is a member of the N-terminal nucleophile aminotransferases and the first rate-limiting enzyme for the entry of glucose into the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway (HBP) in mammals. GFAT transfers the amino group from the L-glutamine amide to the D-fructose 6-phosphate, producing glutamic acid and glucosamine 6-phosphate. GFAT exists as a homotetramer in cytoplasm, and is proposed to be most likely involved in regulating the availability of precursors for N- and O-linked glycosylation of proteins. The full length of human GFAT contains 1 glutamine amidotransferase type-2 domain which catalyzes amide nitrogen transfer from glutamine to the appropriate substrate, and 2 SIS (Sugar Isomerase) domains found in many phosphosugar isomerases and phosphosugar binding proteins.Two isoforms of gfat have been identified: GFAT1 is predominantly expressed in skeletal muscle, whereas GFAT2 is expressed mainly in the central nervous system.

EBP1, also known as PA2G4, is an RNA-binding protein that belongs to the peptidase M24 family. It can be detected n several cell lines tested, including primary and transformed cell lines. EBP1 also present in pre-ribosomal ribonucleoprotein complexes and may be involved in ribosome assembly and the regulation of intermediate and late steps of rRNA processing. This protein is a transcriptional co-repressor of androgen receptor-regulated genes and other cell cycle regulatory genes through its interactions with histone deacetylases. PA2G4 can interact with the cytoplasmic domain of the ErbB3 receptor and may contribute to transducing growth regulatory signals. EBP1 has been implicated in growth inhibition and the induction of differentiation of human cancer cells. It seems to be involved in growth regulation. EBP1 also mediates cap-independent translation of specific viral IRESs (internal ribosomal entry site).

Growth Arrest and DNA Damage-Inducible Protein GADD45 α (GADD45A) is a member of the GADD45 family. GADD45A can be induced by UV irradiation, X-rays, growth arrest and alkylating agents, of which can be mediated by some kinases other than PKC. GADD45A can interact with MAPK14, GADD45GIP1, PCNA. In T-cells, GADD45A functions as a regulator of p38 MAPKs by inhibiting p88 phosphorylation and activity. GADD45A may affect PCNA interaction with some cell division protein kinase complexes, stimulating DNA excision repair in vitro and inhibits entry of cells into S phase.

Nectin-4 seems to be involved in cell adhesion through trans-homophilic and -heterophilic interactions, the latter including specifically interactions with NECTIN1. Does not act as receptor for alpha-herpesvirus entry into cells.(Microbial infection) Acts as a receptor for measles virus. Nectin-4 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His & Avi) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with C-His-Avi tag. The predicted molecular weight is 37.2 kDa and the accession number is Q96NY8.