ep4

EP4 receptor antagonist 4 is an agonist of EP4 receptor (human pEC 50 = 6.3) [1].

EP4-IN-1 is a potent prostaglandin EP4 receptor inhibitor with potential anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic activities for studying immune and tumor diseases.

EP4 receptor antagonist 2 (compound 2-13) is a potent agonist of the EP4 receptor, with an IC50 of 7.8 nM, and exhibits antitumor effects.

EP4 antagonist 14 is a prostaglandin E2 receptor subtype EP4 antagonist, demonstrating an IC50 of 1.1 nM in a HEK293 human receptor reporter assay and blocking β-arrestin recruitment due to PGE2 with an IC50 of 0.9 nM. At 10 µM, it reduces PGE2-stimulated mRNA levels of Il-4, macrophage mannose receptor 1 (Mrc1), chitinase-like protein 3 (Chil3), chemokine (C-X-C) motif ligand 1 (Cxcl1), triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (Trem2), and arginase-1 (Arg1) in RAW 264.7 macrophages. When used at 30 mg/kg per day alongside anti-PD-1 antibodies, it curbs tumor growth and enhances CD8+ T cell infiltration in tumors using a CT26 murine colon cancer model.

EP4 receptor agonist 2 (compound 31) is a potent EP4 receptor agonist, demonstrating an EC50 value of 0.8 nM and K_i values of >100,000, 38,000, and 3.1 nM for the EP2, EP3, and EP4 receptors, respectively [1].

EP4 Receptor Antagonist 1 is a highly potent and selective competitive prostanoid EP4 receptor antagonist, effective for cancer immunotherapy. It inhibits both human and mouse EP4 receptors with IC50 values of 6.1 nM and 16.2 nM, respectively, while displaying minimal activity (IC50s >10 μM) against human EP1, EP2, and EP3 receptors.

EP4 receptor antagonist 3 is a highly potent and specific inhibitor of the EP4 receptor, intended for research purposes in studying EP4 receptor-mediated diseases, including acute and chronic pain, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and cancer.

L-161982 is a selective antagonist of EP4 receptor. L-161982 could inhibit PGE2-induced ERK phosphorylation and cell proliferation of HCA-7 cells. L-161982 could alleviate collagen-induced arthritis in mice.

Rebamipide (OPC12759) is a quinolinone derivative with anti-ulcer and anti-inflammatory activities. Rebamipide induces cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2) synthesis which results in an increase in endogenous prostaglandin synthesis in the gastric mucosa. This agent also inhibits H. pylori-induced production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha and subsequent inflammation of the gastric mucosa. In addition, rebamipide scavenges oxygen-derived free radicals that potentially cause mucosal injury, and stimulates prostaglandin EP4 receptor gene expression followed by mucous secretion, thereby enhancing the gastric mucosal defense.

TP-16 is a novel potent and selective EP4 antagonist that blocks the function of IMCs and enhances cytotoxic T cell-mediated tumor elimination in vivo.

MK-2894 is a prostaglandin receptor 4 antagonist.MK-2894 has anti-inflammatory activity and may be used in the study of inflammation.

Aganepag, a potent Prostanoid EP2 receptor agonist, exhibits remarkable selectivity with an EC50 of 0.19 nM, demonstrating no activity at the EP4 receptor. Its applications are primarily in the fields of wound healing, scar reduction, scar prevention, and the treatment and prevention of wrinkles.

L-902688 is an orally active EP4 receptor agonist (Ki: 0.38 nM; EC50: 0.6 nM). L-902688 displays >4,000-fold selective for EP4 over other EP and prostanoid receptors.

pep4c can be used for related research in the field of life sciences. Its product number is T37701 and CAS number is 243843-43-8.

PF-04418948 is a potent EP2 receptor antagonist (IC50 = 16 nM for human EP2 receptors). Displays over 2000-fold selectivity for EP2 receptors over EP1, EP3, EP4, DP1 amd CRTH2 receptors; exhibits <30% binding at a diverse panel of GPCRs and ion channels at a concentration of 10 μM. Inhibits PGE2-induced increases in intracellular cAMP; reverses PGE2-invoked relaxation of mouse trachea (IC50 = 2.7 nM).

Prostaglandin E1 (Alprostadil) is the naturally occurring prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) which displays a variety of pharmacologic actions. Prostaglandin E1 is a potent vasodilator agent that increases peripheral blood flow, inhibits platelet aggregation, and induces bronchodilation. Used in the treatment of erectile dysfunction, this agent produces corporal smooth muscle relaxation by binding to PGE receptors, resulting in the activation of adenylate cyclase and the subsequent accumulation of 3'5'-cAMP.

TG4-155 is a brain penetrant EP2 antagonist (KB = 2.4 nM) that is over 1000-fold less effective at EP4 (KB = 11.4 µM) and a panel of other receptors and channels

MF-766 is a highly potent, selective, and orally active EP4 antagonist with a Ki of 0.23 nM, acting as a full antagonist with an IC50 of 1.4 nM (shifted to 1.8 nM in the presence of 10% HS) in the functional assay. It is useful for cancer and inflammation diseases research [1][2].

BGC-20-1531 hydrochloride(1186532-61-5 free base) (GTPL3380 hydrochloride) is a EP4 antagonist for the treatment of acute migraine.

E7046 is a specific, orally bioavailable EP4 antagonist (IC50: 13.5 nM, Ki: 23.14 nM), exhibiting anti-tumor activities.

GW627368 (GW 627368X)X is a novel, potent and selective antagonist of prostanoid EP4 receptor.

Grapiprant (AAT-007) is a selective EP4 receptor antagonist. Grapiprant displaces [3H]-PGE2 (1 nM) binding to dog recombinant EP4 receptor (IC50: 35 nM, Ki: 24 nM).

GSK726701A is a new type of prostaglandin E2 receptor 4 (EP4) partial agonist (pEC50: 7.4).

MK-2894 (sodium salt) is a potent and selective second-generation EP4 antagonist.

Butaprost is a chemical compound that functions as a selective agonist for the prostaglandin E receptor (EP2). It exhibits an EC50 of 33 nM and a Ki of 2.4 μM when interacting with the murine EP2 receptor. However, Butaprost demonstrates lower activity against murine EP1, EP3, and EP4 receptors. Furthermore, it effectively attenuates fibrosis by inhibiting the TGF-β/Smad2 signaling pathway [1] [2] [3].

KAG-308 is an effective selective and orally active agonist of the EP4 receptor (Ki: 2.57 nM and EC50: 17 nM for human EP4 receptor), more selective over EP1, EP2, EP3, and IP receptor. KAG-308 suppresses colitis and promotes histological mucosal healing,

The prostaglandin E receptor 4 (EP4) is one of four G protein-coupled receptors that mediate the actions of prostaglandin E2 . Binding of PGE2 to the EP4 receptor causes an increase in intracellular cyclic AMP, which plays important roles in bone formation and resorption, cancer, and atherosclerosis. KMN-80 is a substituted γ-lactam (pyrrolidinone) derivative of PGE1 that acts as a selective and potent agonist of EP4 with an IC50 value of 3 nM (IC50 = 1.4 μM for EP3 and > 10 μM for all other prostanoid receptors). In functional assays it has been shown to stimulate secreted alkaline phosphatase gene reporter activity in EP4-transfected HEK293 cells with an EC50 value of 0.19 nM, demonstrating >5,000 and 50,000-fold selectivity against EP2 and TP, respectively. KMN-80 can induce the differentiation of bone marrow stem cells from both young and aged rats into osteoblasts in vitro (EC50s = 20 and 153 nM, respectively) and exhibits favorable tolerability up to at least 10 μM, whereas the EP4 agonist L-902,688 is highly cytotoxic at similar concentrations in these cells. KMN-80 has been used to repair calvarial defects in an in vivo rat craniomaxillofacial reconstruction model (rate of reduction in defect size equivalent to BMP-2 treated rats) and to promote bone formation in a rat incisor tooth socket model.

16,16-Dimethyl prostaglandin E2 is an orally active vertebrate Hematopoietic stem cells homeostasis critical regulator. It can act through EP2/EP4 and has an interaction with the Wnt pathway.

AAT-008 is a PGE2 receptor EP4 antagonist.

TCS 2510 (CAY10598) is a selective PGE2 and EP4 receptor agonist that enhances the intracellular concentration of cAMP and the abundance of active β-caten.TCS 2510 inhibits TNF-alpha production and may be useful in the study of diseases associated with metabolic disorders.

ONO-AE3-208 is an EP4 receptor antagonist with a Ki of 1.3 nM, exhibiting less potent activity against EP3, FP, and TP receptors (Ki values of 30, 790, and 2,400 nM, respectively), while showing no effect on other prostanoid receptors. In wild type mice, treatment with ONO-AE3-208, in conjunction with 3% dextran sodium sulfate, results in severe colitis characterized by epithelial loss, crypt damage, and inflammation, thereby mimicking the effects of EP4 deletion. Further, this compound has been utilized to investigate the role of EP4 signaling in various biological contexts, including immune and autoimmune responses, inflammation, and cancer.

BGC201531 (AP-1531) is a EP4 antagonist for the treatment of acute migraine.

CP-432 (CP-734432) is an EP4 prostaglandin agonist for the treatment of glaucoma and ocular hypertension.

AMX12006, a potent and selective EP4 antagonist, exhibits cytotoxic and antitumor activity, demonstrating oral activity with an IC50 of 4.3 nM [1].

NXT-10796 is an orally active, intestinally restricted agonist of the EP4 receptor [1].

CJ-42794 (CJ-042794) is a selective antagonist of the prostaglandin E receptor subtype 4 (EP4), inhibiting [3H]-PGE2 binding to the human EP4 receptor with a mean pKi of 8.5. It exhibits a binding affinity that is at least 200-fold more selective for the human EP4 receptor than for other human EP receptor subtypes (EP1, EP2, and EP3) (IC50: 8.5 (pKi)).

15(R)-Prostaglandin E2, the C-15 epimer of the more physiologically abundant 15(S)-PGE2 (sc-201225) isomer, is produced mainly from arachidonic acid (sc-200770) via the action of COX and PGES enzymes. Present in nearly all cell types, PGE2 interacts with four distinct receptors, EP1 to EP4, leading to a wide range of biological effects. However, 15(R)-Prostaglandin E2 exhibits significantly lower efficacy in most biological assays compared to its 15(S) counterpart. Notably, acid catalyzed epimerization can transform 15(R)-Prostaglandin E2 into the more active 15(S)-Prostaglandin E2 form.

ER819762, an antagonist of the prostaglandin E2 EP4 receptor, inhibits Th1 differentiation and Th17 expansion.

Prostaglandin E2 activates four distinct G protein-coupled receptors, EP1-4. Rivenprost is a potent and selective agonist for the EP4 receptor (Ki = 0.7, 56, 620, and >10,000 nM for EP4, EP3, EP2, and EP1, respectively). It has been used to promote EP4-mediated bone formation, prevent bone loss related to osteoporosis, drive osteoblast differentiation, and stabilize bone implants.[1][2][3][4][5] Rivenprost has also been used to support wound healing.[6]

Travoprost (Fluprostenol isopropyl ester) is used to treat glaucoma and ocular hypertension,is a potent and selective FP prostaglandin receptor agonist.

L-798106 (CM9) is a selective and potent prostaglandin-like EP3 receptor antagonist that inhibits EP4, EP1, and EP2 receptors, suppresses levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in atherosclerosis, and attenuates PGE2-induced cough.

ONO-AE3-208 (AE 3-208) is an EP4 antagonist. It suppresses cell migration, invasion, and metastasis of prostate cancer.

Treprostinil diethanolamine (UT-15C) is a potent agonist of EP2, DP1, and IP, with values of 3.6, 4.4, and 32.1 nM for EP2, DP1, and IP, respectively, and 212, 826, 2505, and 4680 nM for EP1, EP4, EP3, and FPKi, respectively. Treprostinil diethanolamine contributes to the upregulation of cAMP, maintaining vascular homeostasis and causing vasodilation in human pulmonary arteries.

Alprostadil sodium is a prostaglandin receptor ligand with Ki values of 36, 10, 1.1, 2.1, and 33 nM for EP1, EP2, EP3, EP4, and IP, respectively, in mice.It induces vasodilatation and inhibits platelet aggregation, and it can be used as a vasodilator for the study of peripheral vascular disease.

ONO-AE1-329 is a novel agonist of the prostaglandin PGE2 receptor EP4.

CR6086 is a novel, potent EP4 antagonist showing favourable immunomodulatory properties, striking DMARD effects in rodents, and anti-inflammatory activity targeted to immune-mediated inflammatory diseases and distinct from the general effects of cyclooxygenase inhibitors. CR6086 showed selectivity and high affinity for the human EP4 receptor (Ki = 16.6 nM) and functioned as a pure antagonist (half-maximal inhibitory concentration, 22 nM) on PGE2-stimulated cAMP production.

BAY-1316957 is a highly potent and selective EP4 receptor antagonist. With an IC50 of 15.3 nM. Good oral bioavailability[1].

15-keto-Prostaglandin E2, an endogenous metabolite, inhibits STAT3 activation through binding to Cys259 and regulates breast cancer cell growth and progression. Additionally, it binds and stabilizes the EP2 and EP4 receptors, activates PPAR-γ, and promotes fungal growth [1] [2] [3].

L 888607 is an effective and selective CRTH2 agonist (Ki: 0.8 nM).

13,14-dihydro-15-keto Prostaglandin E2 (13,14-dihydro-15-keto PGE2) serves as the predominant metabolite of PGE2 in plasma, created through a 15-keto PGE2 intermediate by the action of 15-oxo-PG Δ13 reductase. Unlike its precursor PGE2, this compound exhibits poor binding affinity towards EP2 and EP4 PGE2 receptors (Ki values of 12 and 57 µM, respectively) in CHO cells and fails to stimulate adenylate cyclase activity therein (EC50s >18 and >38 µM, respectively). Concentrations of 13,14-dihydro-15-keto PGE2 are notably higher in the plasma of pregnant women during their third trimester and at labor and delivery stages, whereas its levels are found to be reduced in the tumor tissues of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) compared to adjacent healthy tissue.

8-iso Prostaglandin E1 causes spasm in the pulmonary veins of dogs and also acts as a vasodilator.