ethyl 2-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxylate is a synthetic compound belonging to the curcumin family. It is involved in the regulation of immune response and inflammation through inhibition of the NF-κB signaling pathway, in the regulation of antioxidant response through activation of the Nrf2 signaling pathway, and in the regulation of cell survival and proliferation through inhibition of the Akt signaling pathway.

Protectin D1 (Neuroprotectin D1) is a neuroprotectin produced by neuronal cells and is a potential cardioprotective agent.Protectin D1 attenuates myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury and inhibits imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like skin inflammation by modulating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.

Radioprotectin-1 is a selective agonist of LPA2 with EC50 of 25 nM for murine LPA2 GPCR and exerts radioprotective and radiomitigative action.

Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) is a unique component of the cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria and consists of three regions: lipid A, oligosaccharide core, and O-specific polysaccharide (O-antigen). Lipopolysaccharides help maintain the integrity of the outer cell membrane and protect bacteria from damage by bile salts and lipid antibiotics. Lipopolysaccharides is a highly immunogenic antigen that can enhance immune responses and can be used for inflammation model construction.

Silibinin (Silybin) is the major active constituent of silymarin, a standardized extract of the milk thistle seeds, containing a mixture of flavonolignans consisting of silibinin, isosilibinin, silicristin, silidianin and others. Silibinin itself is a mixture of two diastereomers, silybin A and silybin B, in approximately equimolar ratio. Both in vitro and animal research suggest that silibinin has hepatoprotective (antihepatotoxic) properties that protect liver cells against toxins. Silibinin has also demonstrated in vitro anti-cancer effects against human prostate adenocarcinoma cells, estrogen-dependent and -independent human breast carcinoma cells, human ectocervical carcinoma cells, human colon cancer cells, and both small and nonsmall human lung carcinoma cells.

1. Oxyresveratro can inhibit tyrosinase activity. 2. Oxyresveratro is useful to trauma models, as toxicity to glia could be beneficial by inhibiting reactive gliosis. 3. Oxyresveratrol (trans-Oxyresveratrol) has antioxidant activity, can reduce neuronal oxidative damage and protect hepatocytes against oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction, which may be associated with activation of Nrf2.

Compound 11, labeled as a weak Hepatoprotective agent-1, is a naturally occurring substance extracted from the fruits of Arctium lappa L. It demonstrates modest hepatoprotective effects when applied at a concentration of 10 μM [1].

Benoxacor (BRN-4190275) is an inert agricultural chemical. Benoxacor acts as an herbicide safener to protect crops from herbicide toxicity.

4-methyl-6-phenyl-2H-pyranone is derived from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi and improves mitochondrial functionality to protect astrocytes against hydrogen peroxide-induced toxicity.

Pregnenolone acetate is a powerful neurosteroid, the main precursor of various steroid hormones including steroid ketones. It acts as a signaling-specific inhibitor of cannabinoid CB1 receptor, inhibits the effects of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) that are mediated by the CB1 receptors. It can protect the brain from cannabis intoxication

ADR-925 (ICRF 198), an active chelated iron metabolite of dexrazoxane, has the ability to protect neonatal rat cardiomyocytes from adriamycin-induced injury.

BRD4097, a negative control in the HDAC1/2/3/8 assay, is a selective histone deacetylase (HDAC3) inhibitor that can be used to protect b-cells and improve insulin resistance, help promote cognitive function and enhance learning and memory formation.

Alamandine TFA , a member of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), a vasoactive peptide, is an endogenous ligand of the G protein-coupled receptor MrgD. Alamandine TFA targets to protect the kidney and heart through anti-hypertensive actions[1][2].

D-Phenothrin ((-)-trans-Phenothrin) is used in veterinary medicine to control pests on animals and to protect crops. D-Phenothrin is an orally effective type II synthetic pyrethroid widely used to kill insects, mosquitoes and human lice.

Protected meropenem is a useful organic compound for research related to life sciences. The catalog number is T66294 and the CAS number is 96036-02-1.

Neuroprotectant-7 is a neuroprotectant for Alzheimer's disease. It displays significant neuroprotection and antioxidative properties. It also can cross the blood-brain barrier.

17(R)-Protectin D1 is an aspirin-triggered epimer of the specialized pro-resolving mediator protectin D1 .1It decreases leukotriene B4-induced transendothelial migration of human polymorphonuclear (PMN) neutrophils when used at concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 10 nM. 17(R)-Protectin D1 (0.01-10 ng) reduces the recruitment of neutrophils in a mouse model of TNF-α-induced peritonitis. 1.Serhan, C.N., Fredman, G., Yang, R., et al.Novel proresolving aspirin-triggered DHA pathwayChem. Biol.18(18)976-987(2011)

beta-Neuroprotectin is a (3H)TCP binding inhibitor and provides protection against NMDA mediated neuronal cell death at low concentration.

Nucleoside Derivatives - Anhydro-nucleosides; Protected nucleosides with NH2/OH group

Hydroxysafflor yellow A (Safflomin A) inhibited adipogenesis by increasing HSL promoter activities. Hydroxysafflor yellow A can effectively protect the liver from long-term alcohol injury by enhancing antioxidant capacity and inhibiting the expression of TGF-β. It prevents steroid-induced avascular necrosis of femoral head by inhibiting primary bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells. Also, Hydroxysafflor yellow A has anti-tumor effects.

Mitoquinone mesylate (MitoQ10 mesylate) is a TPP-based, mitochondrially targeted antioxidant to protect against oxidative damage.

Gypenoside XIII is belonging to the gypenosides. Gypenosides, extracted from Gynostemma pentaphyllum, protect against cardiovascular diseases, especially atherosclerosis.

Axillarin has antioxidant activity, it shows xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity ( IC(50) :36.0 uM). Axillarin can strongly protect primary cultured neurons against glutamate-induced oxidative stress.

Ubiquinol is a reduced form of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) and is a potent antioxidant that has the capacity to protect Vitamin E.

MKEY, a synthetic cyclic peptide inhibitor of CXCL4-CCL5 heterodimer formation, has been shown to protect against atherosclerosis and aortic aneurysm formation by mediating inflammation, but whether it modulates neuroinflammation and brain injury has not

Cell-permeable calmodulin (CaM) agonist that binds to the EF-hand/Ca2+-binding site; produces CaM-dependent activation of phosphodiesterase. Also binds to cytoplasmic sites on other Ca2+ channels, including NMDA and HIV-1 gp120-activated channels, inhibit

Geranylacetone has trypanostatic activity and could protect animals against the T. congolense-induced anaemia through the inhibition of sialidase and/or the protection of the parasite-induced hepatosplenomegaly.

Antileukinate is a synthetic hexapeptide with an acetylated amino terminus and an amidated carboxyl terminus that inhibits the binding of CXC chemokines to the chemokine receptor CXCR2. It inhibits IL-8 binding to neutrophils (Ki = 2.7-13 μM), prevents neutrophil chemotaxis and β-glucuronidase release, and blocks IL-8-induced skin edema in rabbits. At 53 mg/kg, antileukinate has been shown to protect mice against acute pancreatitis and associated lung injury.

Mitoquinone-cyclodextrin is a 1:1 molar ratio complex of Mitoquinone mesylate with cyclodextrin. Mitoquinone mesylate is a mitochondria-targeted antioxidant designed to accumulate within mitochondria in vivo in order to protect against oxidative damage. M

(+)-Columbianetin ((S)-Columbianetin) is a new phytoalexin associated with celery (Apium graveolens) resistance to pathogens during storage, it also has antifungal activity. (+)-Columbianetin has anti-inflammatory effects, it promotes histamine release, and inhibits the histamine release by substance P, suggests that it may be helpful in regulating mast cell-mediated allergic inflammatory responses. (+)-Columbianetin can be effectively used to protect keratinocytes from UVB induced damage.

1. Praeruptorin C and E can relax swine coronary artery and decrease contractility in guinea-pig left atria, these effects are similar in many respects to those displayed by drugs that have calcium entry blocking activity. 2. Praeruptorin D and E can prot

0 [1]. Fan Z, Jia S, Ding N, et al. Determination of Fosetyl-Aluminium by Ion-Pair Reversed Phase-High Performance Liquid Chromatography With Evaporative Light Scattering Detection. Se Pu. 2009;27(6):849‐851. [2]. TüRK LMEZ , et al. Activity of metalaxyl-M+mancozeb, fosetyl-Al, and phosphorous acid against Phytophthora crown and root rot of apricot and cherry caused by Phytophthora palmivora. Plant Protect. Sci., 53: 216-225.

Astragaloside may protect against brain contusion and neuronal apoptosis after TBI by attenuating microglia activation in male rats. Astragalosides-induced apoptosis in NB4 cells may be associated with down-regulation of the expression of BCL-2 and NF-κB,

Scutebarbatine A shows significant antitumor effects on A549 cells in vivo and in vitro via mitochondria-mediated apoptosis by up-regulating expressions of caspase-3 and 9, and down-regulating Bcl-2. Scutebarbatine A and barbatine A show a significant ability to protect cells against H2O2 with ED50 values of 5.0 and 16.8 μM, respectively.

Kaempferol-3-O-α±-D-arabinoside displays cytotoxic and high antioxidant activity.Kaempferol-3-O-arabinoside and kaempferol-3-O-glucoside can function as antioxidants in biological systems, particularly skin exposed to UV radiation by scavenging ROS, and protect cellular membrane against ROS; they can be applicable to new cosmeceuticals for antioxidant, antiaging, and antibacterial activity.

Taxiresinol shows anticancer, antinociceptive, and antiallergic activities, it shows inhibitory activity on induced histamine release from the human basophilic cell line, KU812. Taxiresinol can protect the hepatocytes from apoptosis via an inhibition of TNF- alpha production by activated macrophages and a direct inhibition of apoptosis induced by TNF- alpha in D-GalN/LPS-treated mice.

Dihydroguaiaretic acid has antioxidative activity, can significantly protect primary cultured neuronal cells against glutamate-induced oxidative stress.

MDYYFEER, an antioxidant peptide derived from pancreatin hydrolysate of C-phycocyanin, exhibits strong DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities. It has been demonstrated to protect zebrafish larvae against oxidative damage induced by H2O2 [1].

Vulpinic and gyrophoric acids are known as ultraviolet filters for natural lichen populations, they can effectively prevent cytotoxic, apoptotic and cytoskeleton alterative activities of 2.5 J/cm(2) UVB in a dose-dependent manner, suggest that vulpinic and gyrophoric acids can be promising cosmetic ingredients to photo-protect human skin cells. Gyrophoric acid also has anti-proliferative/cytotoxic effect.

L-Cysteine-glutathione disulfide, a glutathione derivative endogenous to mammalian cells, is comprised of the oxidized form of free glutathione tripeptide linked via a disulfide bond to L-cysteine. It has been shown to protect mice against acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity.

Nicosulfuron (Milagro) is a pesticide that works by inhibiting the acetolactate synthase enzyme. Nicosulfuron has not been found to induce mutagenic or carcinogenic effects. Nicosulfuron is a herbicide to protect corn crops from weeds.

Caulophine has the ability to protect cardiomyocytes from oxidative and ischemic injury through an antioxidative mechanism.

1-Hydroxy-2,3,5-trimethoxyxanthone (HM-1) has vasodilator action ,which involves both an endothelium-dependent mechanism involving NO and an endothelium-independent mechanism by inhibiting Ca(2+) influx through L-type voltage-operated Ca(2+) channels; a minor contribution to the effects of HM-1 may be related to inhibition of the protein kinase C-mediated release of intracellular Ca(2+) stores. HM-1,at the concentration of 1 ug/mL, can effectively inhibit the osteoclast differentiation in a co-culture system with mouse osteoblastic calvarial cells and bone marrow cells; it also can protect mice from the acute lung injury induced by ipopolysaccharide (LPS), which is relative to the increasing of IκB-α protein expression and the suppressing of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-Ⅱ protein expression.

Bavachalcone is a major bioactive compounds isolated from Psoralea corylifolia L. it may be useful as a therapeutic drug for bone resorption-associated diseases.Bavachalcone can protect the endothelial function by increasing AMPK activity and MnSOD expression and reducing mitochondrial oxidative stress.

Dopexamine hydrochloride (FPL60278AR) is a β2-adrenergic receptor agonist. Dopexamine can attenuate the inflammatory response and protect against organ injury in the absence of significant effects on hemodynamics or regional microvascular flow.

Pinoresinol ((+)-Pinoresinol) has antiinflammatory, hepatoprotective, and fungicidal activities, it can protect pial microcirculation from I-reperfusion injury, to increase nitric oxide release and to reduce oxidative stress preserving pial blood flow distribution; it may exert pharmacologically interesting effects via modulation of the insulin-like signalling pathway in C.elegans. Pinoresinol causes an upregulation of the CDK inhibitor p21(WAF1/Cip1) both at mRNA and protein levels, inhibits NF-kappaB and activating protein 1 (AP-1).

Piceatannol 3'-O-glucoside (Piceatannol 3-glycoside) increases pulmonary blood oxygen tension and decreases pulmonary interstitial edema, so it can protect lung injury.

Neuropeptide Y (29-64), amide, human (TFA) is involved in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and protects rat cortical neurons against β-Amyloid toxicity.It is showed that Neuropeptide Y (29-64), amide, human (TFA) is able to protect cortical neurons from Aβ25-35 t

Firivumab (CT-P22; CT120), a human IgG1 monoclonal antibody targeting influenza A virus hemagglutinin (Anti-IAV HA), demonstrates neutralization capabilities against multiple strains including H1N1, H5N1, H6N1, H6N2, H8N4, H8N8, H9N2, and H12N7. It has also shown to protect mice from the H1N1 virus [1] [2] [3].