Compound 133, also known as Anti-osteoporosis agent-7, is a potential anti-osteoporosis agent that exhibits significant inhibition of osteoclast formation.

Anti-osteoporosis agent-2 (Compound 10) serves as an inhibitor of osteoclast differentiation induced by RANKL [1].

Anti-osteoporosis agent-1 (comp 4aa) is an effective RPA (replication protein A) inhibitor, demonstrating potency with an IC50 value of 18 μM [1].

Anti-osteoporosis agent-4 (Compound 11h) suppresses the differentiation of primary osteoclasts and attenuates RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis. It effectively inhibits osteoclast formation, demonstrating an IC50 value of 358.29 nM, and impedes the activation of the PI3K/AKT and IκBα/NF-κB signaling pathways [1].

D-(+)-Trehalose (Mycose) can inhibit the decomposition of collagen, so it can be used to improve osteoporosis.

1. Sweroside possesses strong hepatoprotective effect. 2. Sweroside is a promising osteoporosis therapeutic natural product, has anti-osteoporotic effect on the human MG-63 cells and rat osteoblasts.

Testosterone phenylpropionate (Testosterone 17-phenylpropionate)is a steroid indicated for testosterone replacement therapy in sterilization, missing testicle, hypopituitarism, and osteoporosis.

Epimedin A has anti-osteoporosis activities in vivo.

CB2 modulator 1 is a potent CB2 modulator. It can be used for the research for immune disorders, osteoporosis, inflammation, renal ischemia.

IFB-088 acetate, a benzyl guanidine derivative, is used to treat diseases and cancers associated with the PPP1R15A pathway and associated with protein misfolding stress, Examples include tau disease, synaptic riboprotein disease, polyglutamine and polyalanine diseases, leukodystrophy, cystic fibrosis, multiple sclerosis, lysosome storage disorders, amyloidosis diseases, inflammation, metabolic disorders, cardiovascular diseases, osteoporosis, neurological trauma, and more.

Teriparatide acetate (Forteo) is a PHT agonist, with an IC50 of 2 nM in HEK293 cells.Teriparatide acetate is a recombinant form of parathyroid hormone. It is an effective anabolic (i.e., bone growing) agent used to treat some forms of osteoporosis. Intermittent use of Teriparatide acetate activates osteoblasts more than osteoclasts, which leads to an overall increase in bone.

5-Hydroxyvanillin (3,4-Dihydroxy-5-methoxybenzaldehyde) can be isolated from indica rice and has an inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus aureus, which can be used for the treatment and prevention of osteoporosis.

Reptoside, which can be extracted from the roots and above-ground parts of Cortex Eucommiae and Ajuga chamaepitys (L.) Schreb, is one of the active cyclic enol ether terpene glycosides of Cortex Eucommiae for the treatment of osteoporosis.

Ibandronate sodium (Boniva) is a synthetic nitrogen-containing bisphosphonate, used for the treatment of osteoporosis.

Calcitonin(salmon)Acetate(47931-85-1(free base))(Salmon calcitonin) , a calcium regulating hormone, is used to treat osteoporosis in women who are at least 5 years past menopause.

WY-47766 (OST-766) is a small molecule proton pump inhibitor that can be used to study postmenopausal osteoporosis.

1. Epimedin B (Epmedin B) has potential activity against osteoporosis by stimulating osteoblasts.

Raloxifene hydrochloride (LY156758 hydrochloride) is a second generation selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) used to prevent osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. It has estrogen agonist effects on bone and cholesterol metabolism but behaves as a complete estrogen antagonist on mammary gland and uterine tissue.

Zoledronic Acid (ZOL 446) is a bisphosphonate. Zoledronic Acid (ZOL 446) is used to prevent skeletal fractures in patients with cancers such as multiple myeloma and prostate cancer. It can also be used to treat hypercalcemia of malignancy and can be helpful for treating pain from bone metastases. An annual dose of Zoledronate may also prevent recurring fractures in patients with a previous hip fracture. Zoledronic Acid (ZOL 446) is a single 5 mg infusion for the treatment of Paget's disease of bone. In 2007, the FDA also approved Reclast for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis.

Syringin (eleutheroside-b) is a compound with antitumor, antiproliferative, immunomodulatory and platelet aggregation inhibiting effects.

Neoeriocitrin is a natural product isolated from Drynaria Rhizome, shows activity on proliferation and osteogenic differentiation in MC3T3-E1. Neoeriocitrin is a potent acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor.

Epmedin C (Baohuoside-VI) was metabolized via desugarization, dehydrogenation, hydrogenation, dehydroxylation, hydroxylation, demethylation and glucuronidation pathways in vivo. It has potential activity against osteoporosis by stimulating osteoblasts.

Morusignin L, an active compound, exhibits anti-osteoporosis properties [1] [2].

TNF-α-IN-8 (compound I-42) is an isoindole-imide-based inhibitor of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) with applications in researching various diseases including cancer, heart disease, osteoporosis, and autoimmune disorders. Additionally, this compound serves as a click chemistry reagent, possessing an Azide group that can participate in copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) or strain-promoted alkyne-azide cycloaddition (SPAAC) with molecules containing Alkyne, DBCO, or BCN groups.

Abaloparatide (BA 058), a parathyroid hormone receptor 1 (PTHR1) analog and selective activator, promotes Gs/cAMP signaling and β-arrestin recruitment, thereby enhancing bone formation and improving cortical structure in mice. This compound holds potential for osteoporosis research [1] [2].

Raloxifene (LY-139481) is a selective oestrogen receptor modulator. It has effects on bone and breast cancer and cardiovascular disease risk.

The compound AVSEHQLLHDKGKSIQDLRRRFFLHHLI-{Aib}-EIHTAYRFGG facilitates bone ossification and has potential applications in the study of conditions associated with osteogenic insufficiency or diminished bone mineral density (BMD), including osteoporosis [1].

Parathyroid Hormone (1-34), bovine is a parathyroid hormone (PTH) receptor agonist that is part of the parathyroid hormone family. Parathyroid Hormone (1-34), bovine is used to study osteoporosis and hypoparathyroidism.

ONO-5334 is a selective, orally active and potent histone K inhibitor with anti-SAR-COV-2 and anti-bone resorption activity for the study of osteoporosis.

Eldecalcitol possesses a potent inhibitory effect on bone resorption and induces a significant increase in bone mineral density. Eldecalcitol is an orally active analogue of active vitamin D. It also is used in the treatment of osteoporosis .

LG190178, a vitamin D receptor (VDR) ligand, is a therapeutic agent used for the treatment of psoriasis, osteoporosis, and secondary hyperparathyroidism.

Tibolone is an estrogen-like compound used for the treatment of the symptoms associated with menopausal transition (i.e., climacteric symptoms) and also for the treatment of osteoporosis.

Glycinol enhances osteogenic differentiation and attenuates the effects of age on mesenchymal stem cells, it could as a potential preventive or treatment for osteoporosis. Glycinol also has antidiuretic activity.

Baohuoside aglycone possesses cardioprotective effect in prevention of ischemia/ reperfusion injury and reduce the myocardial infraction, the mechnism is due to the reduction of the injury of free radicals. Baohuoside VII in vivo exhibits significant anti

1. Dalbergin (6-Hydroxy-7-Methoxy-4-Phenylcoumarin) exhibits similar bone conserving effect against bone-loss as estradiol treatment, it as a therapeutic candidate against postmenopausal osteoporosis. 2. Dalbergin prevents some effects of photoaging and maintain skin integrity by regulating the degradation of the extracellular matrix proteins.

Raloxifene 6,4'-Bis-β-D-glucuronide is a Raloxifene metabolite. Raloxifene is a selective antagonist of estrogen receptor for the prevention of osteoporosis.

BCPA is a non-cytotoxic Pin1 modulator.BCPA modulates osteoclast activation and attenuates the reduction of Pin1 protein, thereby inhibiting RANKL-induced receptor activators of osteoclastogenesis.BCPA is used in the study of osteoporosis.

Isotaxiresinol prevents d-GalN/LPS-induced hepatic injury by inhibiting hepatocyte apoptosis through the blocking of TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma production by activated macrophages and direct inhibition of the apoptosis induced by TNF-alpha. Isotaxiresinol ma

Parathyroid hormone (PTH), an 84-amino acid circulating hormone synthesized in the parathyroid glands, primarily regulates bone and kidney functions to maintain extracellular calcium levels within normal ranges. It is also utilized in osteoporosis research [1].

Parathyroid Hormone (1-34), bovine TFA, a potent agonist of the parathyroid hormone (PTH) receptor, elevates calcium and inorganic phosphate levels in vivo. This compound is employed in osteoporosis research [1].

Ranelic acid is an organic acid capable of chelating metal cations. Strontium ranelate, the strontium salt of Ranelic acid, is utilized to treat osteoporosis and increase bone mineral density.

Blosozumab (LY2541546), an anti-sclerostin (SOST) antibody, promotes bone formation while decreasing bone resorption, with potential applications in osteoporosis research [1] [2].

Schnurri-3 inhibitor-1, a potent inhibitor of schnurri-3, is an essential regulator of bone formation in adults that can be used in osteoporosis research. Schnurri-3 inhibitor-1 can inhibit Shn3 with EF1alpha promoter in osteoblast cell line Shn3FFL (AC50 = 2.09 μM) [1].

KY-02327, a metabolically stabilized analog of KY-02061, serves as a potent inhibitor of the Dishevelled (Dvl)-CXXC5 interaction. This compound activates the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, thereby promoting osteoblast differentiation.

LY88074 Methyl ether is effective in inhibiting conditions associated with estrogen deprivation syndrome, such as osteoporosis and hyperlipidemia, which occur due to various estrogen-deficient states.

Calcitonin is a peptide hormone that lowers blood calcium level and inhibits bone resorption. It belongs to the calcitonin family of peptides, which also includes amylin , calcitonin gene-related peptide , and adrenomedullin. The binding of salmon calcitonin to the human calcitonin receptor (CTR) is not modulated by receptor activity-modifying proteins (RAMPs), which influence affinity of human calcitonin to CTR. Salmon calcitonin binds to human CTR2 with IC50 values of 0.933, 0.224, 0.134, and 0.317 nM alone and with RAMP1, 2, or 3, respectively. It induces cAMP accumulation in COS-7 cells transfected with CTR2 (EC50 = 0.166 nM). Salmon calcitonin inhibits bone resorption by osteoclasts in a pit formation assay using rat bone slices (ID50 = 0.003 pg/mL) and lowers calcium level in vivo in a bioassay of hypocalcemia in rats (ED15 = 33.9 mg/kg). Formulations containing salmon calcitonin have been used to treat hypercalcemia, bone destruction by osteoporosis, and Paget's disease.

iso-Dehydrozingerone is a novel osteoclastogenesis inhibitor, preventing ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis in ddY mice.

pTH (1-37) (human), a fragment of parathyroid hormone (PTH), promotes cAMP formation and enhances alkaline phosphatase activity. Additionally, it fosters growth, elevates bone calcium content, and augments bone mineral density (BMD) in uremic animals. This compound shows promise for osteoporosis research [1] [2] [3].

LY88074 analog 1, a benzothiophene compound with nitrogen-containing non-basic side chains, can be utilized either independently or alongside estrogen or progestin. This agent is effective for mitigating post-menopausal symptoms, including osteoporosis, cardiovascular-related pathological conditions, and estrogen-dependent cancer.

Alendronate sodium hydrate (MK 217) is a nitrogen-containing bisphosphonate, which is an effective inhibitor of bone resorption. It is utilized for the treatment and prevention of osteoporosis.