plants

Corticosterone (Kendall's compound B) is an adrenocortical steroid with salocorticoid and glucocorticoid activity that is orally active. Corticosterone is involved in the regulation of energy, immune responses, and stress responses in the body.

2-Isopropoxy-2-Phenylacetophenone is a natural compound, a derivative of benzoin. Benzoin is a naturally occurring benzaldehyde found in many plants.

Allantoin (Glyoxyldiureide), a urea hydantoin found in urine and plants, is used in dermatological preparations.

Cottonseed oil, a cooking oil extracted from the seeds of cotton plants, has been considered the most insecticidal of vegetable oils.

Myricetin (Cannabiscetin) is a naturally-occurring flavonoid found in many grapes, berries, fruits, vegetables, herbs, as well as other plants. Walnuts are a rich dietary source. It has been shown that myricetin has antioxidant properties.

Sarsasapogenin (Parigenin) is a steroidal sapogenin, that is the aglycosidic portion of a plant saponin. It is named after sarsaparilla (Smilax sp.), a family of climbing plants found in subtropical regions. It was one of the first sapogenins to be identified, and the first spirostan steroid to be identified as such.

(-)-Arctigenin ((-)-Arctigenin) is found in burdock. (-)-Arctigenin is isolated from Cnicus benedictus, Forsythia viridissima, Arctium lappa, Ipomoea cairica and others (CCD). Arctigenin is a lignan found in certain plants of the Asteraceae, including the Greater burdock (Arctium lappa) and Saussurea heteromalla. It has shown antiviral and anticancer effects. It is the aglycone of arctiin.

4-Hydroxy-6-methylcoumarin (4-HMC) is a naturally occurring phenolic compound, a derivative of coumarin, found in a variety of plants, fungi, and bacteria. It has anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor activity.4-HMC is used as a flavoring agent, preservative and antioxidant in the food industry.

Paradol ([6]-Gingerone) is a pungent phenolic substance found in ginger and other Zingiberaceae plants, and exhibits a variety of biological activities including anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, and anti-oxidative activities,neuroprotective Effects.

L-Hyoscyamine sulfate (Levsin Sulfate) is the sulfate salt of a belladonna alkaloid derivative and the levorotatory form of racemic atropine isolated from the plants Hyoscyamus niger or Atropa belladonna, which exhibits anticholinergic activity. Hyoscyamine functions as a non-selective, competitive antagonist of muscarinic receptors, thereby inhibiting the parasympathetic activities of acetylcholine on the salivary, bronchial, and sweat glands, as well as the eye, heart, bladder, and gastrointestinal tract. These inhibitory effects cause a decrease in saliva, bronchial mucus, gastric juices, and sweat. Furthermore, its inhibitory action on smooth muscle prevents bladder contraction and decreases gastrointestinal motility.

Oleanolic Acid (Caryophyllin) is a natural compound with anti-tumor activities, which are widely distributed in plants.

L-Tryptophan (Tryptophane), an essential amino acid, is necessary for normal growth in infants and for nitrogen balance in adults. It is a precursor of SEROTONIN (hence its use as an antidepressant and sleep aid) and of INDOLE ALKALOIDS in plants. It can be a precursor to NIACIN, although inefficiently in mammals.

Berberine chloride (Natural Yellow 18) is an alkaloid from Hydrastis canadensis L., Berberidaceae and also found in many other plants. It is relatively toxic to parenterally but has been used orally for various fungal and parasitic infections and an anti-diarrheal.

Camphor (2-Camphanone) is a bicyclic monoterpene ketone found widely in plants, especially CINNAMOMUM CAMPHORA. It is used topically as a skin antipruritic and as an anti-infective agent.

Lycopene (ψ,ψ-Carotene) is a linear, unsaturated hydrocarbon carotenoid, the major red pigment in fruits such as tomatoes, pink grapefruit, apricots, red oranges, watermelon, rosehips, and guava. As a class, carotenoids are pigment compounds found in photosynthetic organisms (plants, algae, and some types of fungus), and are chemically characterized by a large polyene chain containing 35-40 carbon atoms; some carotenoid polyene chains are terminated by two 6-carbon rings. In animals, carotenoids such as lycopene may possess antioxidant properties which may retard aging and many degenerative diseases. As an essential nutrient, lycopene is required in the animal diet.

Oxalic acid dihydrate (Ethanedioic acid dihydrate) is a strong dicarboxylic acid occurring in many plants and vegetables. It is produced in the body by metabolism of glyoxylic acid or ascorbic acid. It is not metabolized but excreted in the urine. It is used as an analytical reagent and general reducing agent.

D-Mannopyranose (Mannose) is a hexose or fermentable monosaccharide and isomer of glucose from manna, the ash Fraxinus ornus and related plants.

Taxifolin (Dihydroquercetin) is a flavonoid in many plants such as Taxus chinensis, Siberian larch, Cedrus deodara and so on.

Trans-2-Hexenal (trans-2-Hexenal) is an α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compound protecting plants against harmful substances.

Coumarin is a chemical compound/poison found in many plants, notably in high concentration in the tonka bean, woodruff, and bison grass. It has clinical value as the precursor for several anticoagulants, notably warfarin.

Methyl (E)-4-hydroxycinnamatee is found in several plants such as onion or Morinda citrifolia. It induces apoptosis in combination with Carnosic Acid and kills acute myeloid leukemia cells. It has antioxidant and antibacterial activity.

Umbelliferone (7-Hydroxycoumarin) is found in anise. Umbelliferone occurs widely in plants including Angelica species Phytoalexin of infected sweet potat. It has been reported to have antioxidant properties.

Tropine is a secondary metabolite of the Solanaceae family of plants and is an anticholinergic reagent. It is a common intermediate used in the synthesis of various biologically active alkaloids (e.g. hyoscyamine, scopolamine).

L-aspartic acid potasium salt（VX-548） is an amino acid widely found in plants and animals.L-aspartic acid potasium salt drives the production of nitrogen oxides, which promotes phagocytosis and contributes to fish survival.L-aspartic acid potasium salt may stimulate antibiotics. The stimulatory effect may be related to precursors involved in aspartic acid-4-semialdehyde biosynthesis.

L-Tartaric acid ((2R,3R)-(+)-Tartaric acid) occurs naturally in many plants, particularly grapes and tamarinds, and is one of the main acids found in wine. It is used as an antioxidant. Salts of tartaric acid are known as tartrates. L-Tartaric acid is a muscle toxin, which works by inhibiting the production of malic acid, and in high doses causes paralysis and death.

D-Glucose (Glucopyranose) is a primary source of energy for living organisms. It is naturally occurring and is found in fruits and other parts of plants in its free state. It is used therapeutically in fluid and nutrient replacement.

Choline chloride (Biocoline) is a basic constituent of lecithin that is found in many plants and animal organs. It is important as a precursor of acetylcholine, as a methyl donor in various metabolic processes, and in lipid metabolism.

Berberine hydrogen sulphate (Umbellatine Sulfate) , an alkaloid extracted from several plants, possesses antimicrobial activity against a wide variety of microorganisms including Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, fungi, and protozoa.

alpha-D-glucose (α-Dextrose) is a primary source of energy for living organisms. It is naturally occurring and is found in fruits and other parts of plants in its free state. It is used therapeutically in fluid and nutrient replacement.

Raffinose (Melitriose) is an indigestible short-chain oligosaccharide, a trisaccharide composed of galactose, glucose and fructose, found in many plants. It can be hydrolyzed by α-galactosidase (α-GAL) to D-galactose and sucrose.

Zeatin is a cytokinin derived from adenine. Zeatin was discovered in immature corn kernels from the genus Zea. It promotes growth of lateral buds and when sprayed on meristems stimulates cell division to produce bushier plants.

D-Pantothenic acid (vitamin B5) is a water-soluble vitamin ubiquitously found in plants and animal tissues with an antioxidant property. D-Pantothenic acid is a component of coenzyme A (CoA) and a part of the vitamin B2 complex. D-Pantothenic acid is a growth factor and is essential for various metabolic functions, including the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fatty acids. This vitamin is also involved in the synthesis of cholesterol, lipids, neurotransmitters, steroid hormones, and hemoglobin.

Gallic acid (Benzoic acid) is found in almost all plants. Plants known for their high gallic acid content include gallnuts,grapes,tea,hops and oak bark.

L-Sophoridine (Matridin-15-one) , a natural product obtained from medicinal plants, which has a variety of pharmacological effects, including anti-Y effects, and selectively induces apoptotic cell death in a variety of human Y cells in vitro and in vivo; however, its mechanism of action needs to be further elaborated.

Soy Isoflavone is extracted from the seeds of leguminous plants. The isoflavones in soybeans are natural phytoestrogens, which have good medicinal value and can reduce the incidence of breast cancer in women, relieve menopausal symptoms, and increase bone density.

L-Galactose (Galactose, L-) is a natural product that is widely found in plants and animals. L-Galactose has been shown to be a key intermediate in the molecular pathway for the conversion of D-glucose to oxalic acid in Pistia stratiotes.L-Galactose has been shown to be a key intermediate in the molecular pathway for the conversion of D-glucose to oxalic acid.

Sumaresinolic Acid is a natural lignan found in a variety of plants such as flaxseed, sesame and wheat bran and is a secondary metabolite of plants. It has been widely studied for its potential health benefits, including its ability to reduce inflammation, improve lipid metabolism and provide antioxidant protection.

(E,E)-Farnesol ((2E,6E)-Farnesol) is a sesquiterpene acyclic alcohol produced by bacteria, protozoa, fungi, plants, and animals. (E,E)-Farnesol promotes vasodilation.

2,6,6-Trimethyl-2,4-cycloheptadien-1-one is a terpene compound found in many plants, including parsley, dill and celery. It is an important component of essential oils and has a variety of medicinal and pharmacological properties.

rel-(2R,3S)-2,3-Dihydroxysuccinic acid hydrate (meso-Tartaric acid monohydrate) occurs naturally in many plants, particularly grapes and tamarinds, and is one of the main acids found in wine. It is used as an antioxidant. Salts of tartaric acid are known as tartrates. Tartaric acid is a muscle toxin, which works by inhibiting the production of malic acid, and in high doses causes paralysis and death.

4,7-DIHYDROXYCOUMARIN is a naturally occurring coumarin derivative found in a variety of plants, including parsley and chamomile. It has been found to inhibit the activity of several enzymes, including cytochrome P450, cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase. It can also bind to DNA, regulate gene expression, and inhibit cell cycle progression. It can also induce apoptosis in tumor cells and reduce inflammation.

Cis-N-Feruloyltyramine is a naturally occurring compound found in various plants that shows cytotoxicity against the P-388 cancer cell line. Cis-N-Feruloyltyramine is an inhibitor of in vitro prostaglandin (PG) synthesis.

Girinimbine (Girinimbin) is a carbazole alkaloid isolated from the plants M. koenigii, M. koenigii and Murraya koenigii.Girinimbine has a wide range of biological effects, including apoptosis, antitrypanosomal, antiplatelet, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antitumor activities. Girinimbine has a variety of biological effects, including apoptosis, antitrypanosomal, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antitumor activities.

Protoanemonin is a naturally occurring compound which may be isolated from plants of the family Ranunculaceae. Protoanemonin can also be produced by Pseudomonas sp.

Diosgenin (Nitogenin) is a spirostan found in DIOSCOREA and other plants. It has favorable effects in the improvement of diabetes and regulation of lipid metabolism.

Rosmarinic acid (Labiatenic acid) is widely found in plants and has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial activities. It inhibits MAO-A, MAO-B, and COMT with IC50 of 50.1, 184.6, and 26.7 μM respectively.

Deguelin ((-)-Deguelin) is a PI3K/AKT Inhibitor, which is a natural product isolated from plants in the Mundulea sericea family.

Protocatechuic acid (3, 4-Dihydroxybenzoic acid) (3, 4-dihydroxybenzoic acid) is a natural phenolic compound found in many edible and medicinal plants. Recent studies indicate that it could be used as a protective agent against cardiovascular diseases and neoplasms. The mechanism of its action is mostly associated with antioxidant activity, including inhibition of generation as well as scavenging of free radicals and up-regulating enzymes which participate in their neutralization.

1. Vitexin has antinociceptive and antispasmodic activities. 2. Vitexin exhibits a prominent first-pass effect. 3. Vitexin has antioxidant, antimyeloperoxidase, and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities. 4. Vitexin can either inhibit or induce activities of

Vicenin 2 is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor (IC50=43.83 μM) from the aerial parts of Desmodium styracifolium. Vicenin 2 is an inhibitor of α-glucosidase, PTP1B, and RLAR. Vicenin 2 has hepatoprotective, anti-cancer, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, and DTL co-administration is more effective than either of the single agents in androgen-independent prostate cancer. Vicenin 2 might be a useful lead for the development of multiple target-oriented therapeutic modalities for the treatment of diabetes and diabetes-associated complications. Vicenin 2 could act as a UV light barrier to protect the plants.