nadph

NADPH tetracyclohexanamine (NADPH (tetracyclohexanamine)) is a cofactor and biological reducing agent.

NADPH tetrasodium salt is the reduced form of the electron acceptor nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, which acts as an electron donor in a variety of biological reactions. NADPH tetrasodium salt is also an endogenous inhibitor of ferroptosis.

RV01 is a novel quinoline-substituted analogue of resveratrol that inhibits DNA damage, reduces ethanol-induced acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH2) mRNA expression, and has hydroxyl radical scavenging activity. rV01 reduces iNOS expression and has anti-neuroinflammatory effects. rV01 reduces tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) mRNA levels and secretion. RV01 reduced tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) mRNA levels and secretion, inhibited lps-induced ROS production and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase activation, decreased toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) protein expression, and inhibited lps-induced activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear transcription factor-кB (NF-кB) signaling pathways.

Chlorotrianisene (tri-p-anisylchloroethylene) is an orally bioavailable, highly lipophilic, synthetic triphenylethylene (TPE) derivative and selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM), with predominantly estrogenic but also antiestrogenic activities.

[Sar1, Ile8]-Angiotensin II acetate activates both the NADPH and NADH oxidases, and stimulates superoxide anion formation in vascular smooth muscle cells. [Sar1, Ile8]-Angiotensin II acetate has multiple effects on vascular smooth muscle, including contra

NoxA1ds acetate is a potent and selective NADPH oxidase 1 (NOX1) inhibitor (IC50 : 20 nM). Exhibits selectivity for NOX1 over NOX2, NOX4, NOX5 and xanthine oxidase. Inhibits NOX1-derived O2- production in HT-29 human colon cancer cells. Attenuates VEGF-induced human pulmonary artery endothelial cell migration under hypoxic conditions in vitro.

iNOS-IN-14 (3-bromo-1H-indazole-7-carbonitrile) is a potent nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor that inhibits the NADPH oxidase activity of nNOS.

APX-115 (Ewha-18278) (Ewha-18278) is a potent, orally active pan NADPH oxidase (Nox) inhibitor (Kis: 1.08 μM, 0.57 μM, and 0.63 μM for Nox1, Nox2, and Nox4). APX-115 effectively prevents kidney injury.

ML-090 is NOX1-specific inhibitor(IC50 = 90 nM) which is >100 selectivity for NOX1 over NOX2, NOX3, NOX4 (all IC50s >10 μM).

Ebselen (CCG-39161) is a organoselenium compound with anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and cytoprotective activity. Ebselen acts as a glutathione peroxidase mimetic and is thereby able to prevent cellular damage induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS). In addition, this agent inhibits the activity of a variety of enzymes including nitric oxide synthase (NOS), 5-lipoxygenase, cyclooxygenase, protein kinase C (PKC), NADPH oxidase and gastric H+/K+-ATPase. Furthermore, ebselen may be neuroprotective due to its ability to neutralize free radicals upon NMDA receptor activation thus, reducing lipoperoxidation mediated by glutamate-induced excitotoxicity.

Diphenyleneiodonium chloride (DPI)(DPI) is an irreversible inhibitor of iNOS and eNOS (IC50 values of 50 nM and 0.3 μM, respectively),and displays broad-spectrum bactericidal activity.

Apocynin (NSC 2146) is a specific NADPH-oxidase inhibitor (IC50: 10 μM).

GSK2795039 inhibits reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and NADPH consumption. GSK2795039 decreases apoptosis. GSK2795039 is an inhibitor of NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) (pIC50: 6 in different cell-free assays).

Potent and selective NADPH oxidase 1 (NOX1) inhibitor (IC50 = 20 nM). Exhibits selectivity for NOX1 over NOX2, NOX4, NOX5 and xanthine oxidase. Inhibits NOX1-derived O2- production in HT-29 human colon cancer cells. Attenuates VEGF-induced human pulmonary

Panaxydol has anti-cancer activity, can inhibit the growth and apoptosis of cancer cells, the signaling mechanisms involve a [Ca(2+)](i) increase, JNK and p38 MAPK activation, cAMP, MAP kinase and ROS generation through NADPH oxidase and mitochondria.

Fluorofenidone (AKF-PD) attenuates the progression of renal interstitial fibrosis partly by suppressing NADPH oxidase and extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition via the PI3K/Akt signalling pathway. Fluorofenidone is an analogue of AMR69. Which displays equivalent lower toxicity, antifibrotic activity, and longer half-life.

Glutathione can occur in reduced (GSH), oxidized (GSSG), or in mixed disulfide forms and is ubiquitous in multiple biological systems serving as the major thiol-disulfide redox buffer of the cell. GSSG is the oxidized form of GSH . It can be reduced back to GSH through the NADPH-dependent enzyme glutathione reductase. GSSG functions as a hydrogen acceptor in the enzymatic determination of NADP+ and NADPH and can be a proximal donor in S-glutathionylation post translational modifications. The ratio of reduced glutathione to oxidized glutathione within cells is often used as an indicator of oxidative stress, with higher concentrations of GSSG predicting increased oxidative stress.

GKT136901 (AK120765) is an inhibitor of NOX1/4.It acts as Selective and Direct Scavenger of Peroxynitrite

(E)-5-(2-Bromovinyl)uracil (BVU) is a pyrimidine base and an inactive metabolite of the antiviral agents sorivudine and (E)-5-(2-bromovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine (BVDU) that may be regenerated to BVDU in vivo. BVU irreversibly inactivates dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) in an NADPH-dependent manner. It enhances the efficacy of the chemotherapeutic agent and DPD substrate 5-fluorouracil in a P388 murine leukemia model when administered at a dose of 200 μmol/kg, increasing survival time.

Quercetin-3-O-glucose-6''-acetate (6 -O-Acetylisoquercitrin) is an inhibitor of NADPH oxidase. Quercetin-3-O-glucose-6''-acetate has antioxidant activities.

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, the crucial rate-limiting enzyme in the pentose phosphate pathway, plays a vital role in generating NADPH. This compound is indispensable for numerous critical cellular functions such as antioxidant pathways, nitric oxide synthase, NADPH oxidase, and the cytochrome p450 system, among others. Its significance extends to research applications in diabetes, aldosterone-induced endothelial dysfunction, and cancer [1].

NADP+ is the oxidized form of the electron donor nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate . It serves as a cofactor in various biological reactions. In addition, the balance between these reduced and oxidized forms plays key roles in diverse cellular functions, including cell survival, the maintenance of redox status, and intracellular signaling. For example, binding of NADP+ to β-subunits of Kv channels activates ion transport, whereas NADPH stabilizes channel inactivation. NADP+ is biosynthesized from NAD+ by NAD kinase, with ATP as the phosphoryl donor.

Selaginellin has a neuroprotective effect against L-glutamate-induced neurotoxicity through mechanisms related to anti-oxidation and anti-apoptosis via scavenging reactive oxygen species and up-regulating the expression of klotho gene. Selaginellin shows

GW274150 (dihydrochloride) is a potent, selective inhibitor of human and rat inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), exhibiting oral activity and NADPH-dependence with an IC50 of 2.19 μM and Kd of 40 nM for human iNOS, and an ED50 of 1.15 μM for rat iNOS. It demonstrates reduced effectiveness against endothelial NOS (eNOS) and neuronal NOS (nNOS) in both species. The compound has been shown to confer protective effects in acute lung injury inflammation models [1] [2] [3].

WKYMVM is a N-formyl peptide receptor (FPR1) agonist.

Gp91phox ds-tat, a biologically active peptide, functions as an inhibitor of NADPH oxidase assembly.

IHMT-IDH1-053 (compound 16) is an irreversible inhibitor exhibiting high selectivity for the IDH1 R132H mutant, achieving an IC50 of 4.7 nM. It preferentially targets IDH1 mutants over wild-type IDH1 and IDH2, both wild-type and mutants. In 293T cells transfected with the IDH1 R132H mutant, IHMT-IDH1-053 reduces 2-hydroxyglutarate (2-HG) production with an IC50 value of 28 nM. The compound engages with the R132H protein at an allosteric site near the NAPDH binding region, forming a covalent linkage with Cys269. Additionally, IHMT-IDH1-053 impedes the growth of both the HT1080 cell line and primary acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells harboring IDH1 R132 mutations [1].

Ac9-25 TFA, an N-terminal peptide of Annexin I, functions as a formyl peptide receptor (FPR) agonist, activating neutrophil NADPH oxidase via FPR [1] [2].

WKYMVM-NH2 TFA, a potent agonist for N-formyl peptide receptor (FPR1) and FPRL1/2, activates key leukocyte effector functions including chemotaxis, complement receptor-3 mobilization, and NADPH oxidase activation, as documented in references [1] [2] [3].

VAS 3947 is a specific inhibitor of NADPH oxidase (NOX).VAS 3947 has a potent anti-platelet effect, inducing apoptosis through UPR activation, mainly due to protein aggregation and misfolding, independent of anti-NOX activity.

Potent and selective human formyl peptide receptor FPR2 agonist (EC50 values are 1, 2 and > 10 000 nM at mFRP2, hFPR2 and hFPR1 respectively). Induces migration of human monocytes and neutrophils via a chemotactic mechanism and enhances production of proi

Iron sucrose (Sucroferric oxyhydroxide) is treatment of iron deficiency anemia.

NADP sodium salt (Sodium NADP) is a coenzyme that is widely distributed in living matter. Participates in oxidation-reduction reactions.

APX-115 free base (Ewha-18278 free base) (Ewha-18278 free base) is a potent, orally active pan NADPH oxidase (Nox) inhibitor (Kis: 1.08 μM, 0.57 μM, and 0.63 μM for Nox1, Nox2, and Nox4). APX-115 effectively prevents kidney injury.

(Rac)-Nebivolol ((Rac)-R 065824) is a racemic isomer of Nebivolol. Nebivolol is a selective antagonist of β1-adrenergic receptor (IC 50= 0.8 nM). Nebivolol shows Vasodilatory activity. In the early stages of ethanol-induced cardiac toxicity, Nebivolol can prevent up-regulation of Nox2/NADPH oxidase and lipoperoxidation.

L 012 sodium salt, a luminol analogue, is a widely used chemiluminescent (CL) probe for active oxygen and active nitrogen. L 012 sodium salt is widely used to detect the superoxides (O2•−) derived from NADPH oxidase (Nox) to find Nox inhibitors.

22-HDHA is an oxidation product of docosahexaenoic acid . In vitro, it is formed upon incubation of rat liver microsomes with DHA and NADPH and also by the human cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoform CYP4F3B in BTI-TN-5B1-4 microsomes. Serum levels of 22-HDHA increase following dietary DHA supplementation in humans.

Selective formyl peptide receptor 2 (FPR2) antagonist; cell permeable. Selectively inhibits FPR2-mediated NADPH oxidase activity but has no effect on FPR1 signaling in neutrophils. Displays PIP2 binding activity in vitro and blocks cell motility. Also exh

NoxA1ds TFA is a potent and selective inhibitor of NADPH oxidase 1 (NOX1), with an inhibition concentration (IC50) of 20 nM, demonstrating selectivity over NOX2, NOX4, NOX5, and xanthine oxidase. It effectively inhibits NOX1-derived O2- production in HT-29 human colon cancer cells and attenuates VEGF-induced migration of human pulmonary artery endothelial cells under hypoxic conditions in vitro.

Oleoyl-2-hydroxy-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serine sodium (18:1 Lyso-PS) is a modified PS product obtained through NADPH oxidase activation and Lyso-PS signal transduction. Oleoyl-2-hydroxy-sn-glycero-3phospho-L-serine sodium is able to utilize macrophage G2A function to enhance the existing receptor/ligand system and thereby resolve neutrophil inflammation.

GW274150 is an orally active, selective and potent dual inhibitor of NADPH-dependent human nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) (Kd=40 nM) and rat inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS).GW274150 has a low activity against endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) in humans and rats. GW274150 showed protective effects in an inflammatory model of acute lung injury.

1, 5-Isoquinolinediol is an inhibitor of poly(ADP-ribose) synthetase (PARP1; IC50: 0.39 μM). The poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) form a family of enzymes with roles in DNA repair and apoptosis. 1, 5-Isoquinolinediol has been used to study the role of

1. Acetylshikonin exhibits weak cytotoxicity against human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) with IC5 of over 2 microM, exhibits the antiangiogenic and antitumorigenic effects by suppressing proliferation and angiogenic factors. 2. Acetylshikonin inhibits the generation of NADPH oxidase complex in the activation of respiratory burst of PMNs, but does not directly inhibit the activity of NADPH oxidase already generated. 3. Certain shikonin derivatives(such as Acetylshikonin) act as modulators of the Nur77-mediated apoptotic pathway and identify a new shikonin-based lead that targets Nur77 for apoptosis induction. 4. Acetylshikonin, shikonin, and alkannin have accelerative effect on the proliferation of granulation tissue in rats. 5. Acetylshikonin has inhibitory effect on the edematous response is due neither to the release of steroid hormones from the adrenal gland nor to the glucocorticoid activity, but probably partly to the suppression of mast cell degranulation and partly to protection of the vasculature from mediator challenge. 6. Acetylshikonin induces apoptosis of hepatitis B virus X protein-expressing human hepatocellular carcinoma cells via endoplasmic reticulum stress.

GLX351322 is NADPH Oxidase 4 Inhibitor with IC50 of 5 μM.

CI-898 HCl is a lipophilic antifolate inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR). It has enhanced binding to DHFR in the presence of the cofactor NADPH. Cl-898 HCl inhibits cell growth and halts the cell cycle at the G1/S phase in L1210 mouse lymphocytic leukemia cells and is active against methotrexate-resistant cancer cell lines. It also enhances the activity of doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, and 6-thioguanine (6-TG) in mice with advanced stage P338 leukemia.

Rifamycin S is a potent DNA-dependent RNA polymerase inhibitor,is a quinone and an antibiotic agnet against Gram-positive bacteria

CL097 hydrochloride is a potent TLR7 and TLR8 agonist. CL097 hydrochloride induces pro-inflammatory cytokines in macrophages and NADPH oxidase priming, thereby increasing the fMLF-stimulated ROS production [2].

3-Hydroxyxanthone (3-Hydroxy-xanthen-9-one), a xanthone derivative, exhibits inhibitory effects on NADPH-catalyzed lipid peroxidation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and suppresses TNF-alpha-induced ICAM-1 expression [1].

Fulvene-5 is a chemical compound that exhibits antitumor activity. It functions as a potent inhibitor of NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) and possesses antioxidant properties. Additionally, Fulvene-5 acts as a reactive oxygen species (ROS) modifying agent and a powerful radioprotector.

L-NIO dihydrochloride, a potent and non-selective NADPH-dependent nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor, consistently induces focal ischemic infarct in rats. It exhibits inhibitory constants (Kis) of 1.7, 3.9, and 3.9 μM for neuronal (nNOS), endothelial (eNOS), and inducible (iNOS) forms, respectively.

Theobromine (3,7-Dimethylxanthine), a xanthine alkaloid, is used as a bronchodilator and as a vasodilator.