type 1 diabetes

C-Type Natriuretic Peptide (CNP) (1-22), human acetate is an agonist of natriuretic peptide receptor B (NPR-B), an endothelial-derived relaxant and growth inhibitory factor. C-Type Natriuretic Peptide (CNP) (1-22), human acetate inhibits cAMP synthesis stimulated by histamine and 5-HT or directly by Forskolin.

C-Type Natriuretic Peptide (CNP) (1-22), human, is the 1-22 fragment of the parent C-Type Natriuretic Peptide.

Fibronectin Type III Connecting Segment Fragment 1-25 is a peptide involved in melanoma cell adhesion and essential for the development of the chicken peripheral nervous system [1] [2].

CNP, a member of the natriuretic peptide family, was first identified in porcine brain and later found in other mammals as well as non-mammals. Processing of the CNP precursor gives rise to CNP-22 and its N-terminally elongated form, CNP-53. The CNPs shar

C-Type Natriuretic Peptide (CNP) (1-22), human (TFA), is a 22 amino acid fragment of CNP that functions as an agonist for the natriuretic peptide receptor B (NPR-B). It can inhibit cAMP synthesis induced by histamine, 5-HT, or Forskolin, while exhibiting strong endothelial-derived relaxation properties and acting as a growth inhibitor.

Semaglutide Acetate is an agonist of a glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor and can be used in studies about the treatment of type 2 diabetes.

Liraglutide (Liraglutida) is a synthetic analog of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), an agonist of the GLP-1 receptor. Liraglutide can be used to treat type 2 diabetes and chronic obesity.

Albiglutide TFA (782500-75-8 free base) (Albiglutide TFA) is a long acting GLP-1 receptor agonist for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Retatrutide sodium salt is a potent triple agonist peptide for glucagon receptor (GCGR), glucose-dependent proinsulinotropic polypeptide receptor (GIPR), and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) Retatrutide sodium salt is used in the study of type 2 diabetes and obesity.

Lixisenatide acetate is a receptor agonist similar to glucagon-like peptide-1 (glp-1) for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Mazdutide (IBI-362; LY-3305677) TFA is a dual agonist for the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) and the glucagon receptor (GCGR), recognized as a long-acting synthetic oxyntomodulin analog. It demonstrates a favorable safety and tolerability profile and is utilized in research related to obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) [1] [2].

Pegloxenatide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1 RA) agonist, is utilized in type 2 diabetes research [1].

RG33 Peptide, utilized in type 2 diabetes (T2D) research [1], enhances glucose clearance in insulin-resistant mice and facilitates cholesterol efflux in cultured macrophages by effectively solubilizing lipid vesicles.

Pegapamodutide (LY-2944876), a dual glucagon-GLP-1 receptor agonist, is utilized in research concerning type 2 diabetes and obesity [1].

FC382K10W15 TFA, a glucagon analogue and GLP-1R/GCGR agonist, holds promise for research in type 2 diabetes [1].

Acetyl-Exenatide, an acetylated derivative of Exenatide, mirrors insulin's functionality and is utilized in type 2 diabetes research. It promotes Th17 differentiation, inhibits Tregs differentiation, and downregulates PI3K/Akt/FoxO1 phosphorylation [1].

Nisotirotide (LY-3457263), a PYY analog agonist, has been investigated for its therapeutic potential in type 2 diabetes and obesity [1].

BDC2.5 Mimotope 1040-63 is a biologically active peptide used in the investigation of type 1 diabetes (T1D), an autoimmune disease where T cells induce destruction of pancreatic islet β cells. This mimotope, originating from the TCR transgenic model (BDC2.5), facilitates the examination of antigen presentation mechanisms to islet autoantigen-specific T cells, contributing to the understanding of T cell-mediated beta-cell damage due to autoreactive T cell responses.

GAD65(247-266) epitope TFA, a T cell epitope derived from islet antigens, exhibits competitive binding to the type I diabetes-associated molecule I-A g7, albeit with low affinity. This epitope corresponds to a sequence within Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase 65, an enzyme implicated in the transformation of glutamate into gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) [1].

Dulaglutide (LY2189265), a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist, is utilized in the study of type 2 diabetes (T2D) [1] [2].

CPF-7 (Caerulein precursor fragment), an insulinotropic peptide, promotes insulin secretion and drives epithelial-mesenchymal transition via Snai1 upregulation in PANC-1 ductal cells. Moreover, it induces exocrine plasticity through Ngn3 upregulation, with applications in type 2 diabetes research [1] [2].

Tirzepatide TFA (LY3298176 TFA), a dual glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist, is under development for type 2 diabetes treatment [1].

Bay 55-9837 TFA, a potent and highly selective VPAC2 agonist with a dissociation constant (Kd) of 0.65 nM, represents a potential research therapy for type 2 diabetes [1].

Dalazatide (ShK-186) is a specific inhibitor of the Kv1.3 potassium channel, used in research on autoimmune conditions such as multiple sclerosis (MS), lupus erythematosus, psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, type 1 diabetes, and inflammatory bowel disease [1] [2] [3].

Taspoglutide is a long-acting glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist (EC50 value of 0.06 nM) used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.

GAD65 (524-543) is a biologically active peptide comprising amino acids 524 to 543 of glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 (GAD65). It represents an early islet antigen fragment that elicits proliferative T cell responses in the non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse model, instrumental in spontaneous autoimmune diabetes research. The peptide serves as a specific, possibly low-affinity stimulant for the diabetogenic T cell clone BDC2.5. Notably, immunization with GAD65 (524-543) heightens NOD mice's vulnerability to type 1 diabetes when subjected to the adoptive transfer of BDC2.5 T cells.

Insulin Detemir, an artificial insulin, effectively controls blood sugar levels by stimulating GLP-1 secretion through enhanced Gcg expression via the activation of Akt- and/or extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)-dependent-cat and CREB signaling pathways. It is applicable for type 2 diabetes research [1] [2].

Mazdutide (IBI-362; LY-3305677), a synthetic oxyntomodulin analog, serves as a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1R) glucagon receptor (GCGR) co-agonist. Demonstrating safety and tolerability, Mazdutide is utilized in obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) research [1] [2].

Bamadutide (SAR425899) is a potent dual agonist for the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor and glucagon receptor, enhancing β-cell function and reducing glucose absorption in vivo, thereby improving postprandial glucose control. This compound has potential applications in type 2 diabetes research [1].

Tirzepatide acts as an agonist for both the glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor (GLP-1R) and G protein-coupled receptor 119 (GPR119), effectively inducing cAMP production in HEK293 cells that express either human GLP-1R or GPR119, with EC50 values of 6.54 and 1.01 nM, respectively. Additionally, at a concentration of 100 nM, it triggers receptor internalization in these cells. In vivo studies demonstrate that tirzepatide, administered at 10 nmol/kg per day, significantly reduces body weight, food intake, as well as plasma and hepatic triglyceride levels, free fatty acids (FFAs), leptin, and blood glucose in mice with high-fat diet-induced obesity. Furthermore, a dose of 50 nmol/kg every three days prevents an increase in eosinophils and lymphocytes in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and inhibits bronchoconstriction prompted by methacholine in mice models of both asthma and diabetes, indicating its potential in treating type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Dalazatide (ShK-186) TFA, a precise Kv1.3 potassium channel peptide inhibitor, is employed in researching autoimmune conditions, including multiple sclerosis (MS), lupus erythematosus, psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, type 1 diabetes, and inflammatory bowel disease [1] [2] [3].

Lixisenatide is a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist that can be used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).It is an injectable diabetes medicine that helps control blood sugar levels.