uridine

Uridine (Uridin), a nucleoside, consists of uracil and D-ribose by a β-N1-glycosidic bond.

Uridine triphosphate trisodium salt (UTP, Trisodium Salt) is a nucleotide.

Uridine-5'-diphosphate disodium salt (UDP disodium salt) is a specific agonist of the P2Y6 receptors (EC50 = 13 nM for human P2Y6), stimulating the production of inflammatory mediators, phagocytosis, and vasoconstriction. Uridine-5'-diphosphate disodium salt also acts as an antagonist of P2Y14.

Uridine 5′-triphosphate tris salt (Uridine 5'-triphosphoric acid) is an agonist to the P2Y receptor and has been used to study concentrations of intracellular Ca2+, as well as a phosphate donor for in vitro kinase assays.

Uridine diphosphate glucose is an important intermediate in several different metabolic pathways and biosynthetic reactions.

Uridine 5'-triphosphate tris salt is an endogenous metabolite .

Uridine 5'-monophosphate disodium salt (Disodium UMP) has been used to study the effect of pyrimidine synthesis inhibitor, 5-azacytidine, on cholesterol and lipid metabolism. It has been used to study the effect of nucleotides on growth of specific intestinal bacteria.

Uridine 5′-diphosphoglucose disodium salt (UDP-Glucose sodium salt) is an endogenous nucleotide sugar involved in glycosyltransferase reactions in Metabolism. It is an agonist of the P2Y14 receptor (EC50 = 0.35 μM). It can also bind to and activate GPR17, inducing oligodendrocyte differentiation at a maximal concentration of 100 μM.

Uridine triphosphate (Uridine 5'-triphosphate) increases proliferation of human cancerous pancreatic duct epithelial cells by activating P2Y2 receptor.

5'-Uridylic acid. A uracil nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety in the 2', 3' or 5' position. Uridine 5'-monophosphate (Uridylic acid) is a nucleotide that is found in RNA. It is an ester of phosphoric acid with the nucleoside uridine. UMP consists of the phosphate group, the pentose sugar ribose, and the nucleobase uracil.

Uridine 5'-diphosphate sodium salt is a selective native agonist of the P2Y6 receptor (EC50: 300 nM; pEC50: 6.52), and also is a potent antagonist of P2Y14 (pEC50: 7.28).

L-Uridine is the enantiomer of D-uridine, a nucleoside that acts as a phosphate acceptor for nucleoside phosphotransferase, in the normal RNA component of a normal RNA isolated from Polyporaceae fungus Poria cocos (Schw.) L-Uridine has potential antiviral activity.

2'-Deoxyuridine (2-deoxyuridine). An antimetabolite that is converted to deoxyuridine triphosphate during DNA synthesis. Laboratory suppression of deoxyuridine is used to diagnose megaloblastic anemias due to vitamin B12 and folate deficiencies.

2′-O-Methyluridine is a natural product that found in RNA such as rRNA, snRNA, snoRNA and tRNA in Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukaryota.

Pseudouridine is the most abundant modified nucleoside in non-coding RNAs. It enhances the function of transfer RNA and ribosomal RNA by stabilizing RNA structure.

5-Methyluridine (Thymine riboside) is an endogenous methylated nucleoside found in human fluids; methylated purine bases are present in higher amounts in tumor-bearing patients compared to healthy controls.DNA hypermethylation is a common finding in malignant cells and has been explored as a therapeutic target for hypomethylating agents.

3-Methyluridine is a modified nucleoside of cellular RNA.

2'-Deoxyuridine 5'-monophosphate disodium (2'-dUMP⋅2Na) salt is used by the enzyme thymidylate synthetase (TS) for the de novo production of dTMP. dUMP is used as the reference substrate in studies of dUMP analogues in potential chemotherapy applications.

5,6-Dihydrouridine is a modified base found in conserved positions in the D-loop of tRNA in Eukaryota, Bacteria, and some Archaea.

N6-Methyladenosine is a methylated adenine residue, glycoside is an endogenous uridine product of transfer RNA degradation. It is the most prevalent internal modification of messenger RNA present in all higher eukaryotes and can modify viral RNA with antiviral activity.

Orotidine 5′-monophosphate, a pyrimidine ribonucleoside, functions as an endogenous metabolite in human, E. coli, and mouse processes. It serves as an intermediate in uridine monophosphate (UMP) biosynthesis and is utilized in researching the mechanism of orotidine 5′-monophosphate decarboxylase.

Pyrimidine (Metadiazine)s are heterocyclic, six-membered, nitrogen-containing carbon ring structures, with uracil, cytosine and thymine being the basal structures of ribose-containing nucleosides (uridine, cytidine, and thymidine respectively), or deoxyribose-containing deoxynucleosides, and their corresponding ribonucleotides or deoxyribonucleotides. Pyrimidines serve essential functions in human metabolism as ribonucleotide bases in RNA (uracil and cytosine), and as deoxyribonucleotide bases in DNA (cytosine and thymine), and are linked by phosphodiester bridges to purine nucleotides in double-stranded DNA, in both the nucleus and the mitochondria. Pyrimidine activated sugars are also involved in polysaccharide and phospholipid synthesis, glucuronidation in detoxification processes, glycosylation of proteins and lipids and in the recently identified novel endothelium-derived vasoactive dinucleotides.

2'-Deoxycytidine-5'-monophosphoric acid (2'-Deoxycytidine 5'-monophosphate) is used as a substrate of uridine monophosphate (UMP)/cytidine monophosphate (CMP) kinase (EC 2.7.4.4) to form dCDP which upon phosphorylation to dCTP supports DNA biosynthesis.

Cytidine 5'-diphosphate trisodium salt (CDP) can produce Cytidine triphosphate for synthesis of DNA and RNA through the transfer of phosphoryl group from ATP to cytidine monophosphate (CMP) catalyzed by uridine monophosphate kinase (UMPK).

6-Hydroxypyridin-2(1H)-one hydrochloride (2,6-Dihydroxypyridine hydrochloride) is used as a reagent to synthesize uridine phosphorylase inhibitors that increase Uridine (Urd) (U829910) levels. Uridine is a promising biochemical modulator to reduce 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) toxicity without impairing its antitumor activity.

Cylindrospermopsin, a tricyclic uracil derivative, is a cyanobacterial toxin that was first discovered in an algal bloom contaminating a local drinking supply on Palm Island in Queensland, Australia after an outbreak of a mysterious disease. Cylindrospermopsin targets protein and glutathione synthesis in hepatocytes (IC50s = 1.3 and 2.4 µM, respectively), leading to cell death. [1] It has been shown to inhibit the activity of the uridine monophosphate synthase complex with a Ki value of 10 µM.[2] Cylindrospermopsin is genotoxic, inducing DNA damage as evidenced by double strand breaks and reducing cell viability in HepG2 cells at 0.1-0.5 µg/ml.[3]

Cytidine (Cytosine-1-β-D-ribofuranoside) is a pyrimidine nucleoside comprised of a cytosine bound to ribose via a beta-N1-glycosidic bond. Cytidine is a precursor for uridine. Both cytidine and uridine are utilized in RNA synthesis.