γ aminobutyric acid

γ-Aminobutyric acid (4-Aminobutyric acid) is the predominant inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system.

DL-2-Aminobutyric Acid is a natural product.

D(-)-2-Aminobutyric acid is a substrate of D-amino acid oxidase.

Cholesterol Myristate (Cholesteryl Myristate) is a natural steroid found in traditional Chinese medicine that interacts with various ion channels, including the GABAA receptor, nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, and the inward-rectifier potassium ion channel.

1. p-Hydroxybenzaldehyde (p-Oxybenzaldehyde) shows an inhibitory effect on the GABA transaminase to contribute to an antiepileptic and anticonvulsive activity, and its inhibitory activity was higher than that of valproic acid, a known anticonvulsant.

1. Pulegone ((+)-Pulegone) has cytotoxicity followed by regenerative cell proliferation is the MOA for Pulegone-induced urothelial tumors in female rats. 2. Pulegone induces a verapamil-sensitive psychostimulant effect that appears to independ on the opening of L-type calcium channels. 3. Pulegone has negative reinforcing properties and seems to possess anxiolytic-like actions unrelated to the benzodiazepine site of the γ-aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) receptor.

4-Acetamidobutanoic acid (4-ACETAMIDOBUTYRIC ACID) can be found in blood, feces, and urine, as well as in human prostate tissue. 4-Acetamidobutanoic acid exists in all eukaryotes, ranging from yeast to humans. 4-Acetamidobutanoic acid is a GABA derivative, a product of the urea cycle and the metabolism of amino groups, and the product of NAD-linked aldehyde dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.1.3) (KEGG).

DL-Menthol ((±)-Menthol) is a racemic mixture of the monoterpene alcohols (–)-menthol and (+)-menthod, which have been found in Cannabis. (–)-Menthol is more common than (+)-menthol in nature and exhibits analgesic, antibacterial, and anticancer properties, as well as inhibits cholinesterase.2 (+)-Menthol inhibits the growth of F. verticillioides (MIC: 1.5 mM) but, unlike (–)-menthol, does not exhibit analgesic, antibacterial, anticancer, or cholinesterase inhibitory activities.

3,4,5-Trimethoxycinnamic acid (O-Methylsinapic acid) (TMCA) is one of the constituents of Polygalae Radix and may exert anti-seizure activity by acting at the GABAA BZ receptor complex.

(E)-3,4,5-Trimethoxycinnamic acid (O-Methylsinapic acid) is a natural compound derived from the roots and rhizomes of Notopterygium incisum.

(-)-α-Pinene ((1S)-(-)-Alpha-Pinene) enhances the quantity of NREMS without affecting the intensity of NREMS by prolonging GABAergic synaptic transmission, acting as a partial modulator of GABAA-BZD receptors and directly binding to the BZD binding site of GABAA receptor.

Bemegride (3-Ethyl-3-methylglutarimide), a central nervous system stimulant, serves as an antidote for barbiturate poisoning.

Bicuculline ((+)-Bicuculline) is a light-sensitive competitive antagonist of GABAA receptors, originally identified in 1932 from plant alkaloid extracts, and isolated from Dicentra cucullaria, Adlumia fungosa, Fumariaceae, and various Corydalis species.

Amentoflavone (3',8''-Biapigenin), as a potent inhibitor of CYP3A4 and CYP2C9, can interact with many other medications. CYP3A4 and CYP2C9 are proteins used for drug metabolism in the body. Amentoflavone also is an inhibitor of human cathepsin B. It has antimalarial activity in trials significant affinities towards the Delta-1, kappa opioid receptors (as an antagonist) and binds to benzodiazepine receptors. Amentoflavone may be a potential lead for a new type of anti-inflammatory agents having the dual inhibitory activity of group II phospholipase A2 and cyclooxygenase. Amentoflavone and quercetin differentially exerted suppression of PGE2 biosynthesis via downregulation of COX-2/iNOS expression.

L-DABA (L-2,4-Diaminobutyric acid) is an inhibitor of GABA transaminase with an IC50 greater than 500 μM.

Arecaidine hydrochloride may have carcinogenesis.

(-)-Securinine (Securinine) is plant-derived alkaloid and also a GABAA receptor antagonist.

Thiocolchicoside (Thiocolchicine 2-glucoside analog) (Muscoril, Myoril, Neoflax) is a muscle relaxant with anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects. It acts as a competitive GABAA receptor antagonist and also glycine receptor antagonist with similar potency and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors to a much lesser extent. It has powerful convulsant activity and should not be used in seizure-prone individuals.

Guvacine hydrochloride is an inhibits of GABA uptake (IC50 : 10 μM)

6-Methylflavone is an activator of α1β2γ2L and α1β2 GABAA receptors.

Jujuboside A, a glycoside extracted from Semen Ziziphi Spinosae, exhibits neurophysiological inhibitory effects and is considered a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease.

6,2'-Dihydroxyflavone is a novel antagonist of the GABAA receptor.

Ginkgolide A (BN-52020) is a highly active PAF antagonist cage molecule isolated from Ginkgo biloba leaves, showing potential in various inflammatory and immunological disorders.

alpha-Asarone (trans-Asarone) is a psychoactive compound with antidepressant-like activity in mice.

(+)-Kavain ((R)-KAWAIN) is one of the six major kavalactones found in the Piper methysticum (kava) plant; reversible inhibitor of MAO-B.

Kavain, a compound extracted from the Kava plant, Piper methysticum, is found to be involved in TNF-α expression in human and mouse cells via regulation of transcriptional factors such as NF-kB and LITAF.

Songorine (Napellonine) shows favorable anti-tumor activity in preliminary pharmacological verification trials including cell proliferation and molecular docking assays.

Miltirone is a CYPs inhibitor, it has been characterized as a low-affinity ligand for central benzodiazepine receptors.

Dihydroergotoxine mesylate (Ergoloid mesylates) is mainly used to improve symptoms and physical symptoms of mental degeneration related to aging.

Cirsimaritin exhibits antibacterial, anti-inflammation, anti-tumor, antioxidant properties and renal protection. Cirsimaritin binds weakly to the benzodiazepine site on GABAA receptors.

γ-Glu-Gly TFA, a γ-glutamyl dipeptide and human lipid metabolite, structurally resembles GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid) and functions as an excitatory amino acid antagonist [1][2][3].

(2S)-6-Prenylnaringenin (6-Prenylnaringenin) is an isomer of the potent phytoestrogen, 8-prenylnaringenin. (2S)-6-Prenylnaringenin is the most potent compound in the forebrain and acts as a positive allosteric modulator of GABAA at the α+β binding site.

2'-O-Methylisoliquiritigenin, a compound synthesized by enzymes specifically induced in NR.2'-O-Methylisoliquiritigenin, isolated from the Arachis species, up-regulates 5-HT, NE, DA and GABA pathways, but does not put a very significant effect on ne NE pathway.

Ginsenoside Rc (Panaxoside Rc) is one of the ginsenosides from Panax ginseng, inhibits the expression of TNF-α and IL-1β.

γ-Glu-Gly (gamma-Glutamylglycine), a γ-glutamyl dipeptide, is a human lipid metabolite with a structure resembling that of GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid). It functions as an antagonist of excitatory amino acids.

α-Thujone is an inhibitor of ACh with an IC50 value of 24.7μM.