anti-stress

ML385 is an NRF2 inhibitor (IC50=1.9 μM) with novelty and specificity. ML385 has anti-inflammatory activity by modulating anti-oxidative stress through the inhibition of NRF2. ML385 also exhibits anti-tumor activity.

L-Theanine is a relaxing and nondietary amino acid found pretty much exclusively in teas from Camellia sinensis and is known to promote relaxation without sedation.

Magnolin reduces the renal oxidative stress, suppresses caspase-3 activity, and increases Bcl-2 expression in vivo and in vitro. Magnolin has anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects.

Zingerone (Vanillylacetone) is a nontoxic methoxyphenol isolated from Zingiber officinale, with potent anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antidiarrhoeic, antilipolytic, antispasmodic and anti-tumor properties. Zingerone(Gingerone) alleviates oxidative stress and inflammation, down-regulates NF-κB mediated signaling pathways. Zingerone(Gingerone) acts as an anti-mitotic agent, and inhibits the growth of neuroblastoma cells.

5-(2-furyl)-N-propylisoxazole-3-carboxamide is a compound used as a molecular structural unit and is thought to be a modulator of NMDA receptors, and has been shown to be protective against glutamate-induced excitotoxicity and oxidative stress in neuronal cells. It has also been found to have anti-inflammatory activity, making it a potential therapeutic agent for diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease.

DL-Syringaresinol ( (±)-Syringaresinol) is a lignan from ginseng berries with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, analgesic and weak anti-mycobacterial activities.DL-Syringaresinol can delay oxidative stress-induced skin aging through autophagy, alleviate oxaliplatin-induced neuropathic pain and sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction by inhibiting inflammatory responses. neuropathic pain and sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction by inhibiting inflammatory responses.

Elsibucol (AGI 1096) is a VCAM1 inhibitor for the study of organ transplant rejection.Elsibucol is a metabolically stable propanol derivative with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative properties. It lowers blood cholesterol levels and reduces oxidative stress and inflammatory responses in injured arteries, thereby inhibiting atherosclerosis and protecting endothelial healing after arterial injury.

Miclxin (DS37262926) is a novel MIC60 inhibitor that induces apoptosis through mitochondrial stress in mutant tumor cells via β-catenin.Miclxin is a potent inhibitor of mutant β-catenin, which is involved in the Wnt signaling pathway.Miclxin induces β-catenin-dependent apoptosis, leading to mitochondrial damage and loss of mitochondrial membrane. Miclxin has anti-tumor activity and kills tumors by targeting MIC60.

PF-04447943 (Edelinontrine) is a potent and selective phosphodiesterase 9A inhibitor with an IC50 of 12 nM, which is 78-fold more selective than that used for other PDE family members (IC50>1000 nM).PF-04447943 exhibits anti-inflammatory activity, attenuates inflammatory responses by inhibiting oxidative stress, inflammation, and modulating T-cell polarization, and may be useful for research on sickle cell anemia.

Telomerase-IN-1 is a telomerase inhibitor (IC50: 0.19 μM). telomerase-IN-1 activates hTERT expression through the endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) of the ER overreaction (EOR), which then induces ERS, leading to apoptosis. telomerase-IN-1 leads to inhibition of cell proliferation through the expression of downstream signaling molecules including Telomease-IN-1 has high inhibitory activity against telomerase, high anti-proliferative capacity against SMMC-7721 cells, and no significant toxic effect on human normal hepatocytes. telomerase-IN-1 in xenograft tumor model exhibited antitumor activity.

Antroquinonol is a ubiquinone derivative from Antrodia camphorata with anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities.Antroquinonol reduces oxidative stress and inhibits inflammation and sclerosis in mice with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis through enhancement of the Nrf2 signaling pathway.Antroquinonol has potential for use in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer. Antroquinonol has potential for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer and may be used in colon cancer research.

Sinapinic Acid (Synapoic acid) protects the rat liver from CCl4-induced inflammation, most likely by acting as a free radical scavenger and modulator of NF-κB p65 activation and proinflammatory cytokine expression. Sinapic acid with antioxidant role protects cardiac cells and its functions from I/R induced oxidative stress. Sinapic acid is a potentially useful agent for the protection against liver fibrosis and cirrhosis. Sinapic acid prevents the alterations in the levels of lipids and lipoproteins by virtue of its anti-lipidaemic effect in isoproterenol induced myocardial infarcted rats. Sinapic acid ameliorates hyperglycemia through PLC-PKC signals to enhance the glucose utilization in diabetic rats.

Theaflavin 3,3'-digallate (8-Gingerol) , a major polyphenol found in black tea, is an inducer of oxidative stress which has anti-inflammatory and cancer chemopreventive actions, it reduces tumor angiogenesis by downregulating HIF-1αand VEGF.

Phillyrin (Forsythin) is a novel AMPK activator, has anti-obesity effects in nutritive obesity mice, it can prevent lipid accumulation in HepG2 cells by blocking the expression of SREBP-1c and FAS through LKB1/AMPK activation. Phillyrin(Forsythin) may be a new preventive agent of acute lung injury in the clinical setting, it potentially contributes to the suppression of the activation of MAPK and NF-κB pathways, it also has protective effects on H2O2-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in PC12 cells.

Naphthazarin (5,8-Dihydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone) is effective by various cellular mechanisms including oxidative stress, activation of mitochondrial apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF), depolymerization of microtubules, interference with lysosomal function and p53-dependent p21 activation. It triggers apoptosis and has anti-tumor effects

Isolongifolene ((-)-Isolongifolene), a tricyclic sesquiterpene isolated from Murraya koenigii, exhibits antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and neuroprotective properties. It mitigates Rotenone-induced oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and apoptosis by modulating the PI3K/AKT/GSK-3β signaling pathways.

Lycorine (Narcissine) inhibits protein synthesis and may inhibit ascorbic acid biosynthesis, although studies on the latter are controversial and inconclusive.

1. Flavokawain B (Flavokavain B) has potent anti-inflammatory activity, can significantly inhibit production of NO and PGE2 in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells. 2. Flavokawain B, the hepatotoxic constituent from kava root, induces GSH-sensitive oxidative stress through modulation of IKK/NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways. 3. Flavokawain B induces apoptosis, has the potential usefulness of FKB for prevention and treatment of hormone-refractory prostate cancer in an adjuvant setting. 4. Flavokawain B acts through ROS generation and GADD153 up-regulation to regulate the expression of Bcl-2 family members, thereby inducing mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis in HCT116 cells.

1. Cornuside (Comuside) has immunomodulatory activity . 2. Cornuside suppresses expression levels of cytokine-induced proinflammatory and adhesion molecules in the human endothelial cells. 3. Cornuside can treat myocardial I/R and protect the liver from CCl4-induced acute hepatotoxicity, by reducing oxidative stress and suppressing inflammatory responses. 4. Cornuside has anti-inflammatory activity by downregulations of iNOS and COX-2 due to NF-κB inhibition as well as the negative regulation of ERK1/2, p38, and JNK1/2 phosphorylations in RAW 264.7 cells. 5. Cornuside has protective potential against cerebral ischemic injury, may be due to the suppression of intracellular Ca(2+) elevation and caspase-3 activity, and improvements in mitochondrial energy metabolism and antioxidant properties.

Morroniside would act as a regulator of hepatic inflammatory reactions and lipid metabolism in db/db mice. It exhibits protective effects against diabetic renal damage and human umbilical vein endothelial cells, by inhibiting hyperglycemia and oxidative s

N-Acetylcarnosine (N-Acetyl-L-carnosine) is thought to be able to combat some of the effects of oxidative stress as it has anti-oxidant properties.

Anti-inflammatory agent 62 mitigates acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in HepG2 cells by modulating inflammatory and oxidative stress pathways [1].

Luvangetin may have anti-inflammatory activity, it can inhibit NO and PGE2 production in LPS-stimulated BV2 cells. Luvangetin shows significant protection against pylorus-ligated and aspirin-induced gastric ulcers in rats and cold restraint stress-induced

Flavokawain C is a melanogenesis inhibitor, it inhibited melanogenesis with IC50 values of 6.9 μM. Flavokawain C has anti-tumor activity, it inhibited cell cycle and promoted apoptosis, associated with endoplasmic reticulum stress and regulation of MAPKs and Akt signaling pathways in HCT 116 human colon carcinoma cells.

2-Aminothiazol-4-acetic acid acts by inhibiting the activity of certain enzymes and proteins related to inflammation, tumor growth and oxidative stress, and has anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor and anti-fungal activities.

Camellianin A is a flavonoid series of compounds derived from A. nitida and tea that exhibits anticancer activity, inhibits angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activity, and promotes apoptosis in Hep G2 and MCF-7 cells.Camellianin A prevents CCl4-induced liver injury by exerting anti-oxidative stress, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic properties.

Squalene synthase-IN-1 (compound 1) is a potent antihyperlipidemic agent that inhibits Squalene Synthase and demonstrates exceptional antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. It significantly reduces both glucose and oxidative stress levels without causing toxicity [1].

Nrf2 activation of the antioxidant response element (ARE) is central to cytoprotective gene expression against oxidative and/or electrophilic stress. Unless activated by inflammatory, environmental, or oxidative stressors, Nrf2 is sequestered in the cytoplasm by its repressor, Keap1. Because of its protective capabilities, small molecules that activate Nrf2 signaling are being examined as potential anti-cancer or anti-inflammatory agents. DL-Sulforaphane N-acetyl-L-cysteine (SFN-NAC) is a major metabolite of SFN , a powerful inducer of chemopreventative enzymes via Keap1-Nrf2 signaling and ARE-driven gene expression. At 75 μM, SFN-NAC has been shown to increase ARE expression in HepG2-C8 cells. Its reported potency on ARE-related gene expression is roughly 8-fold less than SFN.

Zederone has anti-bacterial activity,it inhibits gram-positive bacteria activity. Zederone induces hepatotoxicity implicated the induction of Cyps, which leads to the formation of biological reactive metabolites and that cause the oxidative stress and liver cell injuries.

Macranthoside A (Kalopanaxsaponin H) is a triterpenoid glycoside extracted from rehmannia and belongs to the iridoterpenoid synthesis. Macranthoside A has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antibacterial and neuroprotective activities, inhibits the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and inhibits the activation of inflammatory signaling pathways, helps neutralize harmful free radicals, protects cells from oxidative damage, and promotes the survival and growth of neurons. And prevent neuronal cell death caused by oxidative stress or neurotoxic compounds, which has the potential to treat neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases and liver damage.

Eclalbasaponin I has anti-oxidative, and antitumor activities, it reduces oxidative stress-induced neural cell death by autophagy activation, it can dose-dependently inhibit the proliferation of hepatoma cell smmc-7721 with the IC(50) value of 111.1703 ug

8-Epideoxyloganic acid possesses bioactivities of analgesia, homeostasis and anti-inflammatory. It has the potential to serve as anti-inflammatory agents during oxidative stress, the inhibition of ROS production, possibly through modulation of NOX activit

Isodunnianol exhibits anti-AChE activity with an IC50 value of 13.0 uM; it also exhibits neurite outgrowth-promoting activity at the concentration ranging from 0.1 to 10 uM in the primary cultured rat cortical neurons. Isodunnianol, dunnianol, and Macrant

Apigenin-7-diglucuronide is a flavonoid glycoside that exists in an assortment of medicinal plants with anti-inflammatory or ant-oxidant activities. It protects retinas against bright light-induced photoreceptor degeneration through the inhibition of reti

2-Methoxystypandrone displays an immunomodulatory effect in a cellular model, it blocks inflammatory responses by impairing NF-κB signaling to limit the inflammation and oxidative stress for preservation of BBB integrity. 2-Methoxystypandrone concomitant

β-Cryptoxanthin is isolated from Satsuma mandarin orange with an anti-stress effect. It is an oxygenated carotenoid and an antioxidant.

Methyl caffeate (Methyl caffeate acid) acid

XAP044 is a mGlu7-selective antagonist which inhibits lateral amygdala long term potentiation (LTP) in brain slices from wild type mice with a half-maximal blockade at 88 nm[1].

Catechin-7-O-xyloside(C7Ox) has anti-cancer activity, it induces apoptosis via endoplasmic reticulum stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in human non-small cell lung carcinoma H1299 cells.

Delphinidin-3-O-galactoside chloride has anti-obesity and hypolipidemic effects. Delphinidin-3-O-galactoside (D3G) is a water-soluble anthocyanin with antioxidant activity. D3G is capable of masking the EGCG-induced cytotoxicity and ER stress, presumably

1. Obtusifolin has antioxidant properties and improves chemically induced diabetes and its complications by modulation of oxidative stress. 2. Obtusifolin suppresses phthalate esters-mediated bone resorption, thus may be a novel anti-breast-cancer bone me

Dehydroandrographolide is a natural compound extracted from herbal medicine Andrographis paniculata (Burm f) Nees.

Anti-inflammatory agent 56 (Compound 9), a selective COX-2 inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.54 μM, exhibits anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties by inhibiting oxidative stress-induced cell death and neuroinflammation through the suppression of Keap1, COX-2, and iNOS. It also demonstrates low acute toxicity in mice with an LD50 of 1000 mg/kg [1].

Aβ-IN-6 is an orally active compound exhibiting anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-oligomeric activities, with significant implications for Alzheimer's disease (AD) research [1]. It effectively reduces the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines from microglia cells, promotes Nrf2 nuclear translocation, and impedes the formation of Aβ oligomers. Furthermore, Aβ-IN-6 demonstrates a stable neuroprotective effect by modulating redox-sensitive signaling pathways in an in vivo oxidative stress model.

Sul-121 has anti-oxidative capacity. In experimental chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) models, Sul-121 HCl inhibits airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness (AHR) prospectively through inhibition of oxidative stress.

Dehydroeffusol (Dehydro Effusol) possesses anti-cancer, anxiolytic and sedative properties. Dehydroeffusol inhibits gastric cancer cell growth and tumorigenicity by selectively inducing tumor-suppressive endoplasmic reticulum stress and a moderate apoptosis.

N,N'-Dimethylthiourea (DMTU) (DMTU), isolated from Allii Sativi Bulbus, is an orally active scavenger of hydroxyl radical ( OH) and blocks OH production by activated neutrophils in vitro. N,N'-Dimethylthiourea protects against water-immersion restraint stress (WIRS)-induced gastric mucosal lesions in rats by exerting its antioxidant action including OH scavenging and anti-inflammatory action [1][2] .

1. Kamebakaurin (Kamebakaurine) has the ability to protect the liver from APAP-induced hepatotoxicity, presumably by both inhibiting the inflammatory response and oxidative stress. 2. Kamebakaurin inhibits the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α and its target genes to confer antitumor activity. 3. Kamebakaurin has anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory activities through direct inhibition of DNA-binding activity of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) p50.4. Kamebakaurin has anti-neuroinflammatory activity via inhibition of c-Jun NH -terminal kinase and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway in activated microglial cells.

Matrine (Vegard), an alkaloid isolated from the Sophora genus, acts as a kappa opioid receptor agonist.

1. Curculigoside (Curculigoside A) can prevent bone loss , improve osteogenesis and inhibit osteoclastogenesis of hAFSCs, suggesting its potential use to regulate hAFSC osteogenic differentiation for treating bone disorders. 2. Curculigoside can promote calcium deposition and increase the levels of ALP and Runx2 in osteoblasts under oxidative stress via anti-oxidative character. 3. Curculigoside possesses potent antioxidant properties against oxidative stress insults. can protect endothelial cells against oxidative injury induced by H2O2, suggesting that this compound may constitute a promising intervention against cardiovascular disorders.