Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells, a type of cell-based immunotherapy, have shown some promising results in multiple myeloma, a bone marrow cancer.The orphan G protein–coupled receptor, class C group 5 member D (GPRC5D), normally expressed only in the hair follicle, Using quantitative immunofluorescence, we determined that GPRC5D protein is expressed on CD138 MM cells from primary marrow samples with a distribution that was similar to, but independent of, BCMA. GPRC5D Protein-VLP, Mouse, Recombinant is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells. The predicted molecular weight is 39.90 kDa and the accession number is Q9JIL6-1.

Orphan receptor. GPR146 Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (His) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-10xHis tag. The predicted molecular weight is 39.4 kDa and the accession number is Q99LE2.

Mast cell-specific receptor for basic secretagogues, i.e. cationic amphiphilic drugs, as well as endo- or exogenous peptides, consisting of a basic head group and a hydrophobic core. Recognizes and binds small molecules containing a cyclized tetrahydroisoquinoline (THIQ), such as non-steroidal neuromuscular blocking drugs (NMBDs), including tubocurarine and atracurium. In response to these compounds, mediates pseudo-allergic reactions characterized by histamine release, inflammation and airway contraction. Acts as a receptor for a number of other ligands, including peptides and alkaloids, such as cortistatin-14, proadrenomedullin N-terminal peptides PAMP-12 and, at lower extent, PAMP-20, antibacterial protein LL-37, PMX-53 peptide, beta-defensins, and complanadine A.

C1QTNF1 is a secreted protein，contains 1 C1q domain and 1 collagen-like domain. C1qTNF proteins constitute a highly conserved family of Acrp30/Adiponectin paralogs that share a modular organization comprising an N-terminal signal peptide, a short variable region, a collagenous domain and a C-terminal globular domain. C1qTNF proteins are predicted to have trimeric structures that assemble into hexameric and higher order molecular forms. C1QTNF1 is a novel adipokine, providing a significant framework to further address the physiological functions and mechanisms of the action of this family of secreted glycoproteins in normal and disease states. C1QTNF1 increases the production of aldosterone. C1QTNF1 is vastly expressed in obese subjects as well as up-regulated in hypertensive patients, C1QTNF1 is identified molecular link between obesity and hypertension. C1QTNF1 expression may be associated with a low-grade chronic inflammation status in adipose tissues.

RAMP3 belongs to the RAMP family. Members of this family are single-transmembrane-domain proteins, called receptor (calcitonin) activity modifying proteins (RAMPs). RAMPs have a wide biological distribution; high concentrations are found in the brain, lung, liver, heart and spleen with lower expression levels present in the testes, gastrointestinal tract and thyroid. RAMPs are type I transmembrane proteins with an extracellular N terminus and a cytoplasmic C terminus. They are required to transport calcitonin-receptor-like receptor (CRLR) to the plasma membrane. CRLR, a receptor with seven transmembrane domains, can function as either a calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) receptor or an adrenomedullin receptor, depending on which members of the RAMP family are expressed. In the presence of RAMP3 protein, CRLR functions as an adrenomedullin receptor.

CXCR3 Protein, Human, Recombinant (GST & His) is expressed in E. coli.

Specifically phosphorylates the agonist-occupied form of the beta-adrenergic and closely related receptors, probably inducing a desensitization of them. Key regulator of LPAR1 signaling. Competes with RALA for binding to LPAR1 thus affecting the signaling properties of the receptor. Desensitizes LPAR1 and LPAR2 in a phosphorylation-independent manner. Positively regulates ciliary smoothened (SMO)-dependent Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway by facilitating the trafficking of SMO into the cilium and the stimulation of SMO activity. Inhibits relaxation of airway smooth muscle in response to blue light.

Receptor for the C-X-C chemokine CXCL9, CXCL10 and CXCL11 and mediates the proliferation, survival and angiogenic activity of mesangial cells through a heterotrimeric G-protein signaling pathway. Probably promotes cell chemotaxis response. Binds to CCL21.

GPR52 Protein, Bovine, Recombinant (His & KSI) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-6xHis-KSI tag. The predicted molecular weight is 20.4 kDa and the accession number is A6QLE7.

CCR6 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His & Myc) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-10xHis and C-Myc tag. The predicted molecular weight is 12.9 kDa and the accession number is P51684.

GPR37 (cathepsin Z) is an orphan receptor that belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family. G protein-coupled receptors are a large protein family comprised of transmembrane receptors that sense molecules outside the cell and activate inside signal transduction pathways and, ultimately, cellular responses. They only exist in eukaryotes, including yeast, choanoflagellates, and animals. These receptors are bonded and activated by light-sensitive compounds, odors, pheromones, hormones, and neurotransmitters. These ligands vary in size from small molecules to peptides to large proteins. G protein-coupled receptors are involved in many diseases and are also the target of approximately 40% of all modern medicinal drugs. GPR37 is expressed in the brain and spinal cord, and at lower levels in the testis, placenta, and liver, but no detectable expression is observed in any other tissue. GPR37 may have a unique functional role in the central nervous system.

CD97 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 42.6 kDa and the accession number is P48960-2.

G protein-coupled receptor kinase 5, also known as G protein-coupled receptor kinase GRK5 and GRK5, is a member of the protein kinase superfamily, AGC Ser/Thr protein kinase family, and GPRK subfamily. GRKs specifically phosphorylate agonist-occupied G protein-coupled receptors at the inner surface of the plasma membrane (PM), leading to receptor desensitization. GRKs utilize a variety of mechanisms to bind tightly, and sometimes reversibly, to cellular membranes. GRKs play an important role in mediating agonist-specific desensitization of numerous G protein-coupled receptors.GRK5 contains one AGC-kinase C-terminal domain, one protein kinase domain, and one RGS domain. GRK5 specifically phosphorylates the activated forms of G protein-coupled receptors. Phospholipid-stimulated autophosphorylation may represent a novel mechanism for membrane association and regulation of GRK5 activity. GRK5 deficiency significantly exaggerates microgliosis and astrogliosis in the presence of an inflammatory initiator, such as the excess fibrillar Abeta and the subsequent active inflammatory reactions. GRK5 deficiency has been linked to early Alzheimer's disease in humans and mouse models of the disease.

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells, a type of cell-based immunotherapy, have shown some promising results in multiple myeloma, a bone marrow cancer.The orphan G protein–coupled receptor, class C group 5 member D (GPRC5D), normally expressed only in the hair follicle, Using quantitative immunofluorescence, we determined that GPRC5D protein is expressed on CD138 MM cells from primary marrow samples with a distribution that was similar to, but independent of, BCMA. GPRC5D Protein-VLP, Cynomolgus, Recombinant is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells. The predicted molecular weight is 35.10 kDa and the accession number is A0A2K5W6I7.

ADGRG1 (Adhesion G Protein-Coupled Receptor G1, also known as GPR56) is a Protein Coding gene. GPR56 is a member of an adhesion G protein-coupled receptor family with a very long N-terminal stalk and seven transmembrane domains. The encoded protein binds specifically to transglutaminase 2, a component of tissue and tumor stroma implicated as an inhibitor of tumor progression. GPR56 may be a target for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. GPR56 inhibits melanoma metastatic growth by impeding the expansion of micrometastases to macrometastases. GPR56 loss of function promotes mesenchymal differentiation and radioresistance of glioma initiating cells both in vitro and in vivo. Diseases associated with ADGRG1 include Polymicrogyria, Bilateral Frontoparietal, and Polymicrogyria, Bilateral Perisylvian, Autosomal Recessive.

CD97 Protein, Human, Recombinant (hFc) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with hFc tag. The predicted molecular weight is 68.2 kDa and the accession number is P48960-2.

G protein-coupled receptor kinase 6, also known as G protein-coupled receptor kinase GRK6, GRK6, and GPRK6, is a lipid-anchor protein that belongs to the protein kinase superfamily, AGC Ser/Thr protein kinase family, and GPRK subfamily. GRK6 / GPRK6 contains one AGC-kinase C-terminal domain, one protein kinase domain, and one RGS domain. This protein phosphorylates the activated forms of G protein-coupled receptors thus initiating their deactivation. Several transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described. GRK6 / GPRK6 is widely expressed. GRK6 / GPRK6 silencing causes suppression of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) phosphorylation associated with a reduction in MCL1 levels and phosphorylation, illustrating a potent mechanism for the cytotoxicity of GRK6 inhibition in multiple myeloma (MM) tumor cells. GRK6 also appears to be involved in responses to morphine. Inhibition of GRK6 represents a uniquely targeted novel therapeutic strategy in human multiple myeloma.

CMKLR1 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-10xHis tag. The predicted molecular weight is 45.1 kDa and the accession number is Q99788.

Receptor for R-spondins that potentiates the canonical Wnt signaling pathway and acts as a marker of multipotent stem cells in the epidermis. Upon binding to R-spondins (RSPO1, RSPO2, RSPO3 or RSPO4), associates with phosphorylated LRP6 and frizzled receptors that are activated by extracellular Wnt receptors, triggering the canonical Wnt signaling pathway to increase expression of target genes. In contrast to classical G-protein coupled receptors, does not activate heterotrimeric G-proteins to transduce the signal. May act as a tumor suppressor.

Receptor for chemoattractant adipokine chemerin/RARRES2 suggesting a role for this receptor in the regulation of inflammation and energy homesotasis. Signals mainly via beta-arrestin pathway. Binding of RARRES2 activates weakly G proteins, calcium mobilization and MAPK1/MAPK3 (ERK1/2) phosphorylation too. Acts also as a receptor for TAFA1, mediates its effects on neuronal stem-cell proliferation and differentiation via the activation of ROCK/ERK and ROCK/STAT3 signaling pathway.

G protein-coupled receptor 5 (LGR5), known as a stem cell marker for colon cancer and gastric cancer, can serve as a novel GSC marker involved in EMT and a therapeutic target in glioma.LGR5 is a new functional GSC marker and prognostic indicator that can promote EMT by activating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and would thus be a novel therapeutic target for glioma.

GPR146 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) is expressed in in vitro E. coli expression system.

Receptor for relaxin. The activity of this receptor is mediated by G proteins leading to stimulation of adenylate cyclase and an increase of cAMP. May also be a receptor for Leydig insulin-like peptide (INSL3). RXFP2 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His & Myc) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-10xHis and C-Myc tag. The predicted molecular weight is 21.1 kDa and the accession number is Q8WXD0.

Receptor for medium-chain free fatty acid (FFA) with carbon chain lengths of C9 to C14. Capric acid (C10:0), undecanoic acid (C11:0) and lauric acid (C12:0) are the most potent agonists. Not activated by short-chain and long-chain saturated and unsaturated FFAs. Activation by medium-chain free fatty acid is coupled to a pertussis toxin sensitive G(i/o) protein pathway. May have important roles in processes from fatty acid metabolism to regulation of the immune system. GPR84 Protein, Human, Recombinant (hFc) is expressed in yeast with C-hFc tag. The predicted molecular weight is 31.2 kDa and the accession number is Q9NQS5.

Orphan receptor. Could be involved in modulating differentiation and maintaining homeostasis of epithelial cells. This retinoic acid-inducible GPCR provide evidence for a possible interaction between retinoid and G-protein signaling pathways. Functions as a negative modulator of EGFR signaling. May act as a lung tumor suppressor. GPRC5A Protein, Human, Recombinant (GST) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-GST tag. The predicted molecular weight is 37.0 kDa and the accession number is Q8NFJ5.

Receptor for cysteinyl leukotrienes mediating bronchoconstriction of individuals with and without asthma. Stimulation by LTD4 results in the contraction and proliferation of smooth muscle, edema, eosinophil migration and damage to the mucus layer in the lung. This response is mediated via a G-protein that activates a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system. The rank order of affinities for the leukotrienes is LTD4 >> LTE4 = LTC4 >> LTB4.

Frizzled-1, also known as FZD1, belongs to theG-protein coupled receptor Fz/Smo family. FZD1 contains a signal peptide, a cysteine-rich domain in the N-terminal extracellular region, 7 transmembrane domains, and a C-terminal PDZ domain-binding motif. FZD1 is expressed in adult heart, placenta, lung, kidney, pancreas, prostate, and ovary and in fetal lung and kidney. Frizzled is a family of G protein-coupled receptor proteins that serve as receptors in the Wnt signaling pathway and other signaling pathways. When activated, Frizzled leads to activation of Dishevelled in the cytosol. Frizzled proteins and the genes encoding them have been identified in an array of animals, from sponges to humans. Frizzled proteins play key roles in governing cell polarity, embryonic development, formation of neural synapses, cell proliferation, and many other processes in developing and adult organisms. Most of frizzled receptors are coupled to the beta-catenin canonical signaling pathway, which leads to the activation of disheveled proteins, inhibition of GSK-3 kinase, nuclear accumulation of beta-catenin and activation of Wnt target genes.

GNG13 is a subunit of heterotrimeric G proteins which consist of alpha, beta, and gamma subunits. Heterotrimeric G proteins are membrane-bound GTPases that are linked to 7-TM receptors. They function as signal transducers for the 7-transmembrane-helix G protein-coupled receptors. They are involved as a modulator or transducer in various transmembrane signaling systems. Each G protein is composed of an alpha-, beta- and gamma-subunit and is bound to GDP in the 'off' state. Ligand-receptor binding results in detachment of the G protein, switching it to an 'on' state and permitting Galpha activation of second messenger signaling cascades. There are several types of Galpha proteins; besides, some Gbetagamma subunits have active functions. Gbetagamma coupled to H1 receptors can activate PLA2 and Gbetagamma coupled to M1 receptors can activate KIR channels. The beta and gamma chains are required for the GTPase activity, for replacement of GDP by GTP, and G protein-effector interaction. GNG13 is a gamma subunit that is expressed in taste, retinal, and neuronal tissues and plays a key role in taste transduction.

ADGRD1 (Adhesion G Protein-Coupled Receptor D1, also known as GPR133) is a Protein Coding gene. 4 alternatively spliced human isoforms have been reported. ADGRD1, an orphan member of the adhesion family of G-protein-coupled receptors, is a critical regulator of the response to hypoxia and tumor growth in Glioblastoma (GBM). ADGRD1 represents a novel molecular target in GBM and possibly other malignancies where hypoxia is fundamental to pathogenesis. Variations in the ADGRD1 locus are linked with differences in metabolism, human height, and heart frequency. ADGRD1 is a Gs protein-coupled receptor belonging to the class of adhesion GPCRs. The adhesion G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), including GPR133, are membrane-bound proteins with long N termini containing multiple domains.

Serine/threonine-protein kinase D3, also known as Protein kinase C nu type, Protein kinase EPK2, PRKD3, EPK2 and PRKCN, is a cytoplasm and membrane protein that belongs to the protein kinase superfamily, CAMK Ser/Thr protein kinase family and PKD subfamily. PRKD3 / PRKCN contains one PH domain, two phorbol-ester/DAG-type zinc fingers and one protein kinase domain. Protein kinase C (PKC) is a family of serine- and threonine-specific protein kinases that can be activated by calcium and the second messenger diacylglycerol. PKC family members phosphorylate a wide variety of protein targets and are known to be involved in diverse cellular signaling pathways. They also serve as major receptors for phorbol esters, a class of tumor promoters. Each member of the PKC family has a specific expression profile and is believed to play a distinct role. PRKD3 / PRKCN converts transient diacylglycerol (DAG) signals into prolonged physiological effects, downstream of PKC. It is involved in resistance to oxidative stress. PRKD3 / PRKCN is activated by DAG and phorbol esters. Phorbol-ester/DAG-type domains 1 and 2 bind both DAG and phorbol ester with high affinity and mediate translocation to the cell membrane. Autophosphorylation of Ser-735 and phosphorylation of Ser-731 by PKC relieves auto-inhibition by the PH domain. PRKD3 / PRKCN can be activated rapidly by the agonists of G protein-coupled receptors. It resides in both cytoplasm and nucleus, and its nuclear accumulation is found to be dramatically enhanced in response to its activation. PRKD3 / PRKCN can also be activated after B-cell antigen receptor (BCR) engagement, which requires intact phospholipase C gamma and the involvement of other PKC family members.

G-protein coupled receptor for glutamate. Ligand binding causes a conformation change that triggers signaling via guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) and modulates the activity of down-stream effectors. Signaling activates a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system and generates a calcium-activated chloride current. Plays an important role in the regulation of synaptic plasticity and the modulation of the neural network activity.

Plays a role as a neuroprotective factor. Protects against neuronal cell death induced by multiple different familial Alzheimer disease genes and amyloid-beta proteins in Alzheimer disease. Mediates its neuroprotective effect by interacting with a receptor complex composed of IL6ST/GP130, IL27RA/WSX1 and CNTFR. Also acts as a ligand for G-protein coupled receptors FPR2/FPRL1 and FPR3/FPRL2. Inhibits amyloid-beta protein 40 fibril formation. Also inhibits amyloid-beta protein 42 fibril formation. Suppresses apoptosis by binding to BAX and preventing the translocation of BAX from the cytosol to mitochondria. Also suppresses apoptosis by binding to BID and inhibiting the interaction of BID with BAX and BAK which prevents oligomerization of BAX and BAK and suppresses release of apoptogenic proteins from mitochondria. Forms fibers with BAX and also with BID, inducing BAX and BID conformational changes and sequestering them into the fibers which prevents their activation. Can also suppress apoptosis by interacting with BIM isoform BimEL, inhibiting BimEL-induced activation of BAX, blocking oligomerization of BAX and BAK, and preventing release of apoptogenic proteins from mitochondria. Plays a role in up-regulation of anti-apoptotic protein BIRC6/APOLLON, leading to inhibition of neuronal cell death. Binds to IGFBP3 and specifically blocks IGFBP3-induced cell death. Competes with importin KPNB1 for binding to IGFBP3 which is likely to block IGFBP3 nuclear import. Induces chemotaxis of mononuclear phagocytes via FPR2/FPRL1. Reduces aggregation and fibrillary formation by suppressing the effect of APP on mononuclear phagocytes and acts by competitively inhibiting the access of FPR2 to APP. Protects retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells against oxidative stress-induced and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-induced apoptosis. Promotes mitochondrial biogenesis in RPE cells following oxidative stress and promotes STAT3 phosphorylation which leads to inhibition of CASP3 release. Also reduces CASP4 levels in RPE cells, suppresses ER stress-induced mitochondrial superoxide production and plays a role in up-regulation of mitochondrial glutathione. Reduces testicular hormone deprivation-induced apoptosis of germ cells at the nonandrogen-sensitive stages of the seminiferous epithelium cycle. Protects endothelial cells against free fatty acid-induced inflammation by suppressing oxidative stress, reducing expression of TXNIP and inhibiting activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome which inhibits expression of proinflammatory cytokines IL1B and IL18. Protects against high glucose-induced endothelial cell dysfunction by mediating activation of ERK5 which leads to increased expression of transcription factor KLF2 and prevents monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells. Inhibits the inflammatory response in astrocytes. Increases the expression of PPARGC1A/PGC1A in pancreatic beta cells which promotes mitochondrial biogenesis. Increases insulin sensitivity.

G-protein coupled receptor for glucagon that plays a central role in the regulation of blood glucose levels and glucose homeostasis. Regulates the rate of hepatic glucose production by promoting glycogen hydrolysis and gluconeogenesis. Plays an important role in mediating the responses to fasting. Ligand binding causes a conformation change that triggers signaling via guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) and modulates the activity of down-stream effectors, such as adenylate cyclase. Promotes activation of adenylate cyclase. Besides, plays a role in signaling via a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system.

Regulates G protein-coupled receptor signaling cascades, including signaling via muscarinic acetylcholine receptor CHRM2 and dopamine receptor DRD2. Inhibits signal transduction by increasing the GTPase activity of G protein alpha subunits, thereby driving them into their inactive GDP-bound form. Binds selectively to GNAZ and GNAI2 subunits, accelerates their GTPase activity and regulates their signaling activities. Negatively regulates mu-opioid receptor-mediated activation of the G-proteins. RGS17 Protein, Human, Recombinant (GST) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-GST tag. The predicted molecular weight is 51.4 kDa and the accession number is Q9UGC6.

β-Arrestin-1 (ARRB1) is a cytoplasmic protein that belongs to the arrestin family. ARRB1 is expressed at high levels in peripheral blood leukocytes and the central nervous system. ARRB1 regulates agonist-mediated G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling by mediating both receptor desensitization and resensitization processes. ARRB1 acts as a cofactor in the beta-adrenergic receptor kinase (BARK) mediated desensitization of beta-adrenergic receptors. ARRB1 is believed to play a major role in regulating receptor-mediated immune functions. ARRB1 is involved in Toll-like receptor and IL-1 receptor signaling through the interaction with TRAF6.

Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 9 (CXCL9, MIG), is a small cytokine belonging to the CXC chemokine family. CXCL9 functions as one of the three ligands of chemokine receptor CXCR3 which is a G protein-coupled receptor found predominantly on T cells. It together with CXCL10 and CXCL11, may activate CXCR3 by binding to it. CXCL9 serves as a cytokine that affects the growth, movement, or activation state of cells that participate in immune and inflammatory response. It has been observed that tumour endothelial cells secrete high levels of CXCL9 in all, and CXCL10 in most melanoma metastases. it plays an important role in CD4+ T lymphocyte recruitment and development of CAV, MOMA-2+ macrophages are the predominant recipient-derived source of CXCL9, and recipient CD4 lymphocytes are necessary for sustained CXCL9 production and CAV development in this model.

GNGT1 is a subunit of transducin. Heterotrimeric G proteins consist of alpha, beta, and gamma subunits. They are membrane-bound GTPases that are linked to 7-TM receptors. They function as signal transducers for the 7-transmembrane-helix G protein-coupled receptors. They are involved as a modulator or transducer in various transmembrane signaling systems. G proteins are bound to GDP in the 'off' state. GNGT1 is the gamma subunit of transducin. Ligand-receptor binding results in detachment of the G protein, switching it to an 'on' state and permitting Galpha activation of second messenger signaling cascades. There are several types of Galpha proteins; also, some Gbetagamma subunits have active functions. Gbetagamma coupled to H1 receptors can activate PLA2 and Gbetagamma coupled to M1 receptors can activate KIR channels. The beta and gamma chains are required for the GTPase activity, for replacement of GDP by GTP, and G protein-effector interaction.

GPR114 belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 2 family. Members of this family share a common molecular architecture which consists of seven transmembrane domains, three extracellular loops, three intracellular loops, an amino-terminal extracellular domain, and an intracellular carboxyl terminus. It is thought that light acts as the activating stimulus of a G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR). GPCRs are expected to have a molecular function (G-protein coupled receptor activity) and to localize in various compartments (endoplasmic reticulum membrane, plasma membrane, integral to the membrane). Family B of the GPCRs is a small but structurally and functionally diverse group of proteins that includes receptors for polypeptide hormones, molecules thought to mediate intercellular interactions at the plasma membrane, and a group of Drosophila proteins that regulate stress responses and longevity. GPR114 contains 1 GPS domain. GPR114 gene has been proposed to participate in processes (G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway, neuropeptide signaling pathway).

G-protein coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2), also referred as Adrenergic, beta, receptor kinase 1 (ADRBK1), is a ubiquitous member of the G protein-coupled receptor kinase (GRK) family that appears to play a central, integrative role in signal transduction cascades. GRK2 can phosphorylate a growing number of non-GPCR substrates and associate with a variety of proteins related to signal transduction, thus suggesting that this kinase could also have diverse 'effector' functions. GRK2 has been reported to interact with a variety of signal transduction proteins related to cell migration such as MEK, Akt, PI3Kgamma or GIT. Interestingly, the levels of expression and activity of this kinase are altered in a number of inflammatory disorders (as rheumatoid arthritis or multiple sclerosis), thus suggesting that GRK2 may play an important role in the onset or development of these pathologies. The important physiological function of GRK2 as a modulator of the efficacy of GPCR signal transduction systems is exemplified by its relevance in cardiovascular physiopathology as well as by its emerging role in the regulation of chemokine receptors. Besides its canonical role in the modulation of the signalling mediated by many G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR), this protein can display a very complex network of functional interactions with a variety of signal transduction partners, in a stimulus, cell type, or context-specific way.

Final heterodimeric neurohormone released at the end of the molting cycle, involved in the sclerotization (tanning) of the insect cuticle, melanization and wing spreading. Heterodimer specifically activates the G protein-coupled receptor rk. Bursicon Protein, Drosophila melanogaster, Recombinant (GST) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-GST tag. The predicted molecular weight is 42.5 kDa and the accession number is Q9VD83.

Frizzled homolog 1 (FZD1), also known as Frizzled-1, a member of the G-protein-coupled receptor superfamily, mediates Wnt signaling by serving as a co-receptor with LRP-5 for Wnt ligands. The FZD1 protein contains a signal peptide, a cysteine-rich domain in the N-terminal extracellular region, 7 transmembrane domains, and a C-terminal PDZ domain-binding motif.

Parathyroid hormone / parathyroid hormone-related peptide receptor, also known as PTH / PTHrP type I receptor, PTH/PTHr receptor, Parathyroid hormone 1 receptor, PTH1 receptor, PTH1R and PTHR, is a multi-pass membrane protein which belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 2 family. PTH1R is expressed in most tissues. It is most abundant in kidney, bone and liver. PTH1R is expressed in high levels in bone and kidney and regulates calcium ion homeostasis through activation of adenylate cyclase and phospholipase C. In bone, PTH1R is expressed on the surface of osteoblasts. When the receptor is activated, these cells in turn stimulate osteoclasts to ultimately increase the resorption rate. PTH1R is a receptor for parathyroid hormone and for parathyroid hormone-related peptide. The activity of PTH1R is mediated by G proteins which activate adenylyl cyclase and also a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system. Defects in PTH1R are the cause of Jansen metaphyseal chondrodysplasia (JMC), chondrodysplasia Blomstrand type (BOCD), enchondromatosis multiple (ENCHOM), Eiken skeletal dysplasia (EISD) and primary failure of tooth eruption (PFE).

G-protein coupled receptor for glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1). Ligand binding triggers activation of a signaling cascade that leads to the activation of adenylyl cyclase and increased intracellular cAMP levels. Plays a role in regulating insulin secretion in response to GLP-1. GLP1R Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (His & SUMO) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-6xHis-SUMO tag. The predicted molecular weight is 30.4 kDa and the accession number is O35659.

Plays a role as a neuroprotective factor. Protects against neuronal cell death induced by multiple different familial Alzheimer disease genes and amyloid-beta proteins in Alzheimer disease. Mediates its neuroprotective effect by interacting with a receptor complex composed of IL6ST/GP130, IL27RA/WSX1 and CNTFR. Also acts as a ligand for G-protein coupled receptors FPR2/FPRL1 and FPR3/FPRL2. Inhibits amyloid-beta protein 40 fibril formation. Also inhibits amyloid-beta protein 42 fibril formation. Suppresses apoptosis by binding to BAX and preventing the translocation of BAX from the cytosol to mitochondria. Also suppresses apoptosis by binding to BID and inhibiting the interaction of BID with BAX and BAK which prevents oligomerization of BAX and BAK and suppresses release of apoptogenic proteins from mitochondria. Forms fibers with BAX and also with BID, inducing BAX and BID conformational changes and sequestering them into the fibers which prevents their activation. Can also suppress apoptosis by interacting with BIM isoform BimEL, inhibiting BimEL-induced activation of BAX, blocking oligomerization of BAX and BAK, and preventing release of apoptogenic proteins from mitochondria. Plays a role in up-regulation of anti-apoptotic protein BIRC6/APOLLON, leading to inhibition of neuronal cell death. Binds to IGFBP3 and specifically blocks IGFBP3-induced cell death. Competes with importin KPNB1 for binding to IGFBP3 which is likely to block IGFBP3 nuclear import. Induces chemotaxis of mononuclear phagocytes via FPR2/FPRL1. Reduces aggregation and fibrillary formation by suppressing the effect of APP on mononuclear phagocytes and acts by competitively inhibiting the access of FPR2 to APP. Protects retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells against oxidative stress-induced and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-induced apoptosis. Promotes mitochondrial biogenesis in RPE cells following oxidative stress and promotes STAT3 phosphorylation which leads to inhibition of CASP3 release. Also reduces CASP4 levels in RPE cells, suppresses ER stress-induced mitochondrial superoxide production and plays a role in up-regulation of mitochondrial glutathione. Reduces testicular hormone deprivation-induced apoptosis of germ cells at the nonandrogen-sensitive stages of the seminiferous epithelium cycle. Protects endothelial cells against free fatty acid-induced inflammation by suppressing oxidative stress, reducing expression of TXNIP and inhibiting activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome which inhibits expression of proinflammatory cytokines IL1B and IL18. Protects against high glucose-induced endothelial cell dysfunction by mediating activation of ERK5 which leads to increased expression of transcription factor KLF2 and prevents monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells. Inhibits the inflammatory response in astrocytes. Increases the expression of PPARGC1A/PGC1A in pancreatic beta cells which promotes mitochondrial biogenesis. Increases insulin sensitivity.

G-protein coupled receptor for glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1). Ligand binding triggers activation of a signaling cascade that leads to the activation of adenylyl cyclase and increased intracellular cAMP levels. Plays a role in regulating insulin secretion in response to GLP-1. GLP1R Protein, Human, Recombinant (E. coli, His) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-6xHis tag. The predicted molecular weight is 18.3 kDa and the accession number is P43220.

G-protein coupled receptor for glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1). Ligand binding triggers activation of a signaling cascade that leads to the activation of adenylyl cyclase and increased intracellular cAMP levels. Plays a role in regulating insulin secretion in response to GLP-1. GLP1R Protein, Rat, Recombinant (E. coli, His) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-6xHis tag. The predicted molecular weight is 17.1 kDa and the accession number is P32301.

G-protein coupled receptor for 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin). Also functions as a receptor for various alkaloids and psychoactive substances. Ligand binding causes a conformation change that triggers signaling via guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) and modulates the activity of down-stream effectors, such as adenylate cyclase. Signaling inhibits adenylate cyclase activity. HTR1F Protein, Human, Recombinant (His & SUMO) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-10xHis-SUMO tag. The predicted molecular weight is 60.2 kDa and the accession number is P30939.

G protein-coupled receptor for follitropin, the follicle-stimulating hormone. Through cAMP production activates the downstream PI3K-AKT and ERK1/ERK2 signaling pathways. FSHR Protein, Human, Recombinant (E. coli, His) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-6xHis tag. The predicted molecular weight is 44.0 kDa and the accession number is P23945.

Retinoic acid receptor responder protein 2(RARRES2) is a secreted protein that in humans is encoded by the RARRES2 gene. It is highly expressed in skin, also found in pancreas, liver, spleen, prostate, ovary, small intestine and colon. It is a chemoattractant protein that acts as a ligand for the G protein-coupled receptor CMKLR1. RARRES2 is secreted in an inactive form as prochemerin and is activated through cleavage of the C-terminus by inflammatory and coagulation serine proteases. It is thought to act as a cell surface receptor, found to stimulate chemotaxis of dendritic cells and macrophages to the site of inflammation. RARRES2 is inhibited in psoriatic lesions,it is activated by tazarotene in skin rafts and in the epidermis of psoriatic lesions.

Neurocalcin-delta (NCALD) is a neuronal calcium-binding protein that belongs to the neuronal calcium sensor (NCS) family. It expressed in mammalian brains. NCALD contains an N-terminal myristoylation signal and four EF-hand calcium binding loops. The protein possesses a Ca2+ /myristoyl switch. It is cytosolic at resting calcium levels. However, elevated intracellular calcium levels induce a conformational change which exposes the myristoyl group, resulting in protein association with membranes and partial co-localization with the perinuclear trans-golgi network. NCALD protein is thought to be a regulator of G protein-coupled receptor signal transduction.