norepinephrine

Norepinephrine (Levophed) can stimulate apoptosis in adult rat ventricular myocytes by activation of the β-adrenergic pathway. It can up-regulate the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, and MMP-9 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma tumour cells.

Norepinephrine bitartrate salt is an adrenergic neurotransmitter.

DL-Norepinephrine hydrochloride (DL-lysine) is a high-affinity basic amino acid substrate of amino acid transporter b0 + with a Km value in the range of 100-400 μM.

Norepinephrine bitartrate monohydrate (Levophed) is a direct alpha-adrenergic receptors stimulator.

Norepinephrine hydrochloride (Levarterenol hydrochloride) is a β1 -selective agonist of the adrenergic receptor with EC 50 of 5.37 μM [1].

Norepinephrine bitartrate is a precursor of epinephrine. Norepinephrine is the principal transmitter of most postganglionic sympathetic fibers and of the diffuse projection system in the brain arising from the locus ceruleus.

Dopamine hydrochloride (ASL279) is a naturally occurring catecholamine formed by decarboxylation of dihydroxyphenylalanine and a precursor of norepinephrine and epinephrine. Dopamine hydrochloride binds to alpha-1- and beta-1- adrenergic receptors.

Jatrorrhizine hydrochloride is a compound extracted from the roots of Berberis vulgaris with neuroprotective, antimicrobial, antiplasmodial, and antioxidant activities.Jatrorrhizine hydrochloride is an orally active and selective inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), which inhibits norepinephrine (NE) uptake. It inhibits the uptake of norepinephrine (NE).

3,4-Dihydroxymandelic acid is a minor metabolite of norepinephrine in humans. Patients with neuroblastoma experience elevated levels of 3,4-Dihydroxymandelic acid.

D-Phenylalanine, a necessary aromatic amino acid, is a precursor of thyroxine, dopamine, melanin, and noradrenaline (norepinephrine).

Chrysoeriol-7-O-glucoside can strongly inhibit the classical pathway of the complement system.Chrysoeriol-7-O-d-glucoside and luteolin-7-O-d-glucoside can inhibit palmitic acid uptake into small intestinal brush border membrane, apigenin-7-O-d-glucoside can inhibit alpha-amylase activity; they can enhance norepinephrine-induced lipolysis in fat cells.

Methyl reserpate (NSC 81464), a yohimbine-type alkaloid derived from the roots and leaves of Rauwolfia vomitoria, inhibits the transport of norepinephrine into chromophobe vesicles.

Pyridoxine hydrochloride (Vitamin B6) is the 4-methanol form of vitaminB6 which is converted to pyridoxal phosphate which is a coenzyme for synthesis of amino acids, neurotransmitters (serotonin, norepinephrine), sphingolipids, aminolevulinic acid.

Jatrorrhizine hydroxide, an alkaloid derived from Coptis chinensis, exhibits a range of biological activities including neuroprotective, antimicrobial, antiplasmodial, and antioxidant properties [1]. It acts as a potent and orally active inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) with an IC50 value of 872 nM, demonstrating over 115-fold greater selectivity for AChE compared to butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) [2]. Additionally, Jatrorrhizine hydroxide impedes the uptake of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) by inhibiting uptake-2 transporters, further contributing to its pharmacological profile [3].

Vanillylmandelic acid, the end product of the metabolism of catecholamines, epinephrine, and norepinephrine, has antioxidant activity and is commonly used to help diagnose pheochromocytoma, as well as its elevation in association with depressive symptoms.

The 4-carboxyaldehyde form of vitamin B6 which is converted to pyridoxal phosphate which is a coenzyme for synthesis of amino acids, neurotransmitters (serotonin, norepinephrine), sphingolipids, aminolevulinic acid.

DL-Goitrin is a potent antithyroid compound found naturally in crucifers. DL-Goitrin is responsible for the induction of glutathione S-transferases. DL-Goitrin is a moderate inhibitor of purified bovine adrenal dopamine beta-hydroxylase, leads to a depression of brain norepinephrine and to an elevation of heart and adrenal dopamine.

3,4-Dihydroxymandelic acid exists in all living organisms, ranging from bacteria to humans. Within humans, 3,4-dihydroxymandelic acid participates in a number of enzymatic reactions. 3,4-Dihydroxymandelic acid is a metabolite of norepinephrine.

Trimipramine maleate (Surmontil maleate) appears to inhibit serotonin transport and norepinephrine uptake by nerve terminals. This increases available norepinephrine or serotonin and prolongs its action. Trimipramine Maleate is the maleate salt form of trimipramine, a tricyclic secondary amine of the dibenzazepine class, with an antidepressant property.

4-(1,2-Dihydroxyethyl)benzene-1,2-diol is a normal norepinephrine metabolite.

Reserpine (Serpalan) is an alkaloid found in the roots of Rauwolfia serpentina and R. vomitoria. Reserpine inhibits the uptake of norepinephrine into storage vesicles resulting in depletion of catecholamines and serotonin from central and peripheral axon terminals. It has been used as an antihypertensive and an antipsychotic as well as a research tool, but its adverse effects limit its clinical use.