ribosomal

One of the primary rRNA binding proteins, it binds directly to 16S rRNA where it helps nucleate assembly of the platform of the 30S subunit by binding and bridging several RNA helices of the 16S rRNA. Binds to its own mRNA, stabilizing it 5-UTR and preventing its translation.; In the E.coli 70S ribosome it has been modeled to contact the 23S rRNA of the 50S subunit forming part of bridge B4. In the two 3.5 A resolved ribosome structures there are minor differences between side-chain conformations.

Located on the platform of the 30S subunit, it bridges several disparate RNA helices of the 16S rRNA. Forms part of the Shine-Dalgarno cleft in the 70S ribosome.

50S ribosomal protein L22, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Recombinant (His & Myc) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-10xHis and C-Myc tag. The predicted molecular weight is 17.2 kDa and the accession number is Q2GL54.

60S ribosomal protein L10 Protein, Drosophila melanogaster, Recombinant (His) is expressed in E. coli.

One of two assembly initiator proteins for the 30S subunit, it binds directly to 16S rRNA where it nucleates assembly of the body of the 30S subunit.; With S5 and S12 plays an important role in translational accuracy; many suppressors of streptomycin-dependent mutants of protein S12 are found in this protein, some but not all of which decrease translational accuracy (ram, ribosomal ambiguity mutations).; Plays a role in mRNA unwinding by the ribosome, possibly by forming part of a processivity clamp.; Protein S4 is also a translational repressor protein, it controls the translation of the alpha-operon (which codes for S13, S11, S4, RNA polymerase alpha subunit, and L17) by binding to its mRNA.; Also functions as a rho-dependent antiterminator of rRNA transcription, increasing the synthesis of rRNA under conditions of excess protein, allowing a more rapid return to homeostasis. Binds directly to RNA polymerase.; Part of the processive rRNA transcription and antitermination complex (rrnTAC). The complex forms an RNA-chaperone ring around the RNA exit tunnel of RNA polymerase (RNAP). It supports rapid transcription and antitermination of rRNA operons, cotranscriptional rRNA folding, and annealing of distal rRNA regions to allow correct ribosome biogenesis. This subunit may play a particular role in long-distance rRNA annealing needed for pre-rRNA processing.

With S4 and S12 plays an important role in translational accuracy.; Located at the back of the 30S subunit body where it stabilizes the conformation of the head with respect to the body. Ribosomal protein uS5 Protein, S. aureus, Recombinant (His & Myc) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-10xHis and C-Myc tag. The predicted molecular weight is 24.8 kDa and the accession number is A6QJ75.

One of the primary rRNA binding proteins, it binds directly to 16S rRNA where it nucleates assembly of the head domain of the 30S subunit. Is located at the subunit interface close to the decoding center, where it has been shown to contact mRNA. Has been shown to contact tRNA in both the P and E sites; it probably blocks exit of the E site tRNA.; Protein S7 is also a translational repressor protein; it regulates the expression of the str operon members to different degrees by binding to its mRNA.

Required for ribosomal protein S1 to bind to the 30S subunit.

PS6K, also known as RPS6KB1, is a serine threonine-protein kinase. It belongs to the RSK (ribosomal s6 kinase) family. Members of this family function in signal transduction. PS6K is an isoform of p70 ribosomal S6 kinase (S6K). S6K can be activated by mitogenic stimuli such as growth factors, insulin and cytokines. It phosphorylates the ribosomal protein S6. PS6K also phosphorylates other proteins such as elF4B, eEF2K and SKAR. It is a crucial effector of mTOR(rapamycin) signaling. PS6K is dissociated from the EIF3 complex and activated upon mitogenic stimulation, phosphorylation by the mammalian target of mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1). Its active form then phosphorylates and activates several substrates in the preinitiation complex, including the EIF2B complex and the cap-binding complex component EIF4B. PS6K also functions in cell proliferation, cell growth and cell cycle progression.

Ribosomal protein S6 kinase alpha-2, also known as 9 kDa ribosomal protein S6 kinase 2, MAP kinase-activated protein kinase 1c, MAPK-activated protein kinase 1c, Ribosomal S6 kinase 3, RSK-3, RPS6KA2 and MAPKAPK1C, is a nucleus protein that belongs to the protein kinase superfamily, AGC Ser Thr protein kinase family and S6 kinase subfamily. RPS6KA2 RSK-3 is expressed in many tissues. Highest expression is in lung and skeletal muscle. The expression of RPS6KA2 reduced proliferation, caused G1 arrest, increased apoptosis, reduced levels of phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase and altered other cell cycle proteins. RPS6KA2 RSK-3 contains one AGC-kinase C-terminal domain and two protein kinase domains. It forms a complex with either ERK1 or ERK2 in quiescent cells. It transiently dissociates following mitogenic stimulation. RPS6KA2 RSK-3 is a serine threonine kinase that may play a role in mediating the growth-factor and stress induced activation of the transcription factor CREB. RPS6KA1, RPS6KA2, RPS6KB1, RPS6KB2, and PDK1 are involved in several pathways central to the carcinogenic process, including regulation of cell growth, insulin, and inflammation.

RPSA Protein, Human, Recombinant (His & Myc) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-10xHis and C-Myc tag. The predicted molecular weight is 37.7 kDa and the accession number is P08865.

RPS13 Protein, Human, Recombinant (GST) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-GST tag. The predicted molecular weight is 44.0 kDa and the accession number is P62277.

40S Ribosomal Protein S19 (RPS19) is a ribosomal protein that Belongs to the ribosomal protein S19e family. RPS19 is located in the nucleoli, and higher level expression is seen in colon carcinoma tissue than normal colon tissue. It required for pre-rRNA processing and maturation of 40S ribosomal subunits. RPS19 plays a role in many biological processes, such as endocrine pancreas development, erythrocyte differentiation, mRNA metabolic process. Defects in RPS19 are the cause of Diamond-Blackfan anemia type 1 (DBA1), which is a form of Diamond-Blackfan anemia, a congenital non-regenerative hypoplastic anemia that usually presents early in infancy. Diamond-Blackfan anemia is characterized by a moderate to severe macrocytic anemia, erythroblastopenia, and an increased risk of malignancy.

RPS10P5 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His & SUMO) is expressed in E. coli.

40S ribosomal protein S7(RPS7) belongs to the S7E family of ribosomal proteins. It is phosphorylated by NEK6 during post-translational modification. RPS7 is located in the cytoplasm, binds IPO9 with high affinity. it also can interacts with NEK6. As is required for rRNA maturation and typical for genes encoding ribosomal proteins, there are multiple processed pseudogenes of this gene dispersed through the genome. The unnormal expression of RPS7 may cause Diamond-Blackfan anemia 8.

MRPL44 (Mitochondrial Ribosomal Protein L44) is a Protein Coding gene. MRPL44 encodes a protein in the large subunit of the mitochondrial ribosome and is suggested to locate near the tunnel exit of the yeast mitochondrial ribosome. It belongs to the mitochondrion-specific ribosomal protein mL44 subfamily. In the patient fibroblasts, decreased MRPL44 affected assembly of the large ribosomal subunit and stability of 16S rRNA leading to complex IV deficiency. It may have a function in the assembly stability of nascent mitochondrial polypeptides exiting the ribosome. MRPL44 is widely expressed in the bone marrow, lymph node, and other tissues. Diseases associated with MRPL44 include Combined Oxidative Phosphorylation Deficiency 16 and Combined Oxidative Phosphorylation Deficiency 1.

Ribosomal protein S6 kinase alpha-6, also known as Ribosomal S6 kinase 4, 9 kDa ribosomal protein S6 kinase 6,RSK-4, RSK4 and RPS6KA6, is a protein that belongs to the protein kinase superfamily, AGC Ser Thr protein kinase family and S6 kinase subfamily. RPS6KA6 contains one AGC-kinase C-terminal domain and two protein kinase domains. RPS6KA6 forms a complex with either ERK1 or ERK2 in quiescent cells. RPS6KA6 shows a high level of homology to three isolated members of the human RSK family. RSK2 is involved in Coffin-Lowry syndrome and nonspecific MRX. The localization of RPS6KA6 in the interval that is commonly deleted in mentally retarded males together with the high degree of amino acid identity with RSK2 suggests that RPS6KA6 plays a role in normal neuronal development. Further mutation analyses in males with X-linked mental retardation must prove that the gene of RPS6KA6 is indeed a novel MRX gene. RPS6KA6 is a serine threonine kinase that may play a role in mediating the growth-factor and stress induced activation of the transcription factor CREB. RPS6KA6 is activated by multiple phosphorylations on threonine and serine residues.

RPLP1 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) is expressed in Baculovirus insect cells with His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 13.8 kDa and the accession number is A0A024R608.

RPS3 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) is expressed in E. coli expression system with C-6xHis tag. The predicted molecular weight is 27.5 kDa and the accession number is P23396.

Ribosomal protein P0 is the functional equivalent of E.coli protein L10. RPLP0 Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (His & Myc & SUMO) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-10XHis-SUMO and C-Myc tag. The predicted molecular weight is 54.2 kDa and the accession number is P14869.

Forms part of the ribosomal stalk which helps the ribosome interact with GTP-bound translation factors. Is thus essential for accurate translation. rplL Protein, Legionella pneumophila, Recombinant (His & Myc) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-10xHis and C-Myc tag. The predicted molecular weight is 20.4 kDa and the accession number is Q5ZYQ1.

RPS13 Protein, Ciona intestinalis, Recombinant (His & Myc) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-10xHis and C-Myc tag. The predicted molecular weight is 23.9 kDa and the accession number is Q8I7D6.

Ribosomal protein P0 is the functional equivalent of E.coli protein L10. RPLP0 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His & SUMO) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-6xHis-SUMO tag. The predicted molecular weight is 50.3 kDa and the accession number is P05388.

One of the primary rRNA binding proteins. Required for association of the 30S and 50S subunits to form the 70S ribosome, for tRNA binding and peptide bond formation. It has been suggested to have peptidyltransferase activity; this is somewhat controversial. Makes several contacts with the 16S rRNA in the 70S ribosome. uL2 Protein, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Recombinant (His) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-6xHis tag. The predicted molecular weight is 34.7 kDa and the accession number is P9WHA5.

Located at the top of the head of the 40S subunit, it contacts several helices of the 18S rRNA. RPS18 Protein, Human, Recombinant (GST) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-GST tag. The predicted molecular weight is 44.6 kDa and the accession number is P62269.

MKI67 contains 1 FHA domain and plays a key role in cell proliferation. During interphase, the MKI67 antigen can be exclusively detected within the cell nucleus, whereas in mitosis most of the protein is relocated to the surface of the chromosomes. MKI67 protein is present during all active phases of the cell cycle (G1, S, G2, and mitosis), but is absent from resting cells. MKI67 is an excellent marker to determine the growth fraction of a given cell population. The fraction of MKI67-positive tumor cells is often correlated with the clinical course of cancer. It is also associated with ribosomal RNA transcription. Inactivation of antigen MKI67 leads to inhibition of ribosomal RNA synthesis. The MKI67 protein is a nuclear and nucleolar protein, which is tightly associated with somatic cell proliferation. Antibodies raised against the human MKI67 protein paved the way for the immunohistological assessment of cell proliferation, particularly useful in numerous studies on the prognostic value of cell growth in clinical samples of human neoplasms. MKI67 protein expression is an absolute requirement for progression through the cell-division cycle. Recently, MKI67 is proved to be an independent prognostic factor for disease-free survival (HR 1.5-1.72) in multivariate analyses studies using samples from randomized clinical trials with secondary central analysis of the biomarker. MKI67 was not found to be predictive for long-term follow-up after chemotherapy. Nevertheless, high KI-67 was found to be associated with immediate pathological complete response in the neoadjuvant setting, with an LOE of II-B. MKI67 could be considered as a prognostic biomarker for therapeutic decision.

Aminoglycoside 3'-phosphotransferase (APH(3')), also known as aminoglycoside kinase, is an aminoglycoside-modifying enzyme and widely presented in resistant bacteria. These ATP-dependent enzymes phosphorylate the 3'-hydroxyl of a variety of aminoglycosides including kanamycins, neomycins, paromomycins, neamine, ribostamycin, geneticin, and paromamine. These phosphorylated aminoglycosides fail to bind to their respective ribosomal binding sites with high affinity; hence resistance is conferred to the drugs that are phosphorylated. APH(3') is primarily found in certain species of gram-positive bacteria.

Eukaryotic Translation Initiation Factor 1A, X-Chromosomal (EIF1AX) is an essential eukaryotic translation initiation factor that belongs to the eIF-1A family. EIF1AX is required for the binding of the 43S complex (a 40S subunit, eIF2 GTP Met-tRNAi and eIF3) to the 5' end of capped RNA and has been shown to interact with IPO13. EIF1AX contains one S1-like domain and seems to be required for maximal rate of protein biosynthesis. Enhances ribosome dissociation into subunits and stabilizes the binding of the initiator Met-tRNA(I) to 40 S ribosomal subunits.

The A chain is responsible for inhibiting protein synthesis through the catalytic inactivation of 60S ribosomal subunits by removing adenine from position 4,324 of 28S rRNA. Abrin-a is more toxic than ricin.; The B chain is a galactose-specific lectin that facilitates the binding of abrin to the cell membrane that precedes endocytosis. Abrin-a Protein, Abrus precatorius, Recombinant (E. coli, His) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-10xHis tag. The predicted molecular weight is 33.6 kDa and the accession number is P11140.

Involved in translation termination in response to the termination codons UAA, UAG and UGA. Stimulates the activity of ETF1. Involved in regulation of mammalian cell growth. Component of the transient SURF complex which recruits UPF1 to stalled ribosomes in the context of nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) of mRNAs containing premature stop codons. Required for SHFL-mediated translation termination which inhibits programmed ribosomal frameshifting (-1PRF) of mRNA from viruses and cellular genes. GSPT1 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His & Myc) is expressed in yeast with N-10xHis and C-Myc tag. The predicted molecular weight is 59.8 kDa and the accession number is P15170.

MRTO4 (MRT4 Homolog, Ribosome Maturation Factor) is a Protein Coding gene. MRTO4, also known as MRT4, belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL10 family. This gene encodes a protein sharing a low level of sequence similarity with ribosomal protein P0. MRTO4 is a nuclear paralog of the ribosomal protein P0, it binds pre-60S subunits at an early stage of assembly in the nucleolus, and is replaced by P0 in cytoplasmic pre-60S subunits and mature 80S ribosomes. The precise function of MRTO4 is currently unknown. It appears to be involved in mRNA turnover and ribosome assembly. MRTO4 is widely expressed in the appendix, lymph node, and other tissues. Diseases associated with MRTO4 include Bacterial Conjunctivitis and Robinow Syndrome, Autosomal Dominant 1.

DNA-dependent RNA polymerase catalyzes the transcription of DNA into RNA using the four ribonucleoside triphosphates as substrates. Common component of RNA polymerases I, II and III which synthesize ribosomal RNA precursors, mRNA precursors and many functional non-coding RNAs, and small RNAs, such as 5S rRNA and tRNAs, respectively. Pol II is the central component of the basal RNA polymerase II transcription machinery. Pols are composed of mobile elements that move relative to each other. In Pol II, RPB5 is part of the lower jaw surrounding the central large cleft and thought to grab the incoming DNA template. Seems to be the major component in this process.

ATP-dependent RNA helicase which is a subunit of the eIF4F complex involved in cap recognition and is required for mRNA binding to ribosome. In the current model of translation initiation, eIF4A unwinds RNA secondary structures in the 5'-UTR of mRNAs which is necessary to allow efficient binding of the small ribosomal subunit, and subsequent scanning for the initiator codon. EIF4A1 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His & Myc) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-10xHis and C-Myc tag. The predicted molecular weight is 53.5 kDa and the accession number is P60842.

The A chain is responsible for inhibiting protein synthesis through the catalytic inactivation of 60S ribosomal subunits by removing adenine from position 4,324 of 28S rRNA. The B chain binds to cell receptors and probably facilitates the entry into the cell of the A chain; B chains are also responsible for cell agglutination (lectin activity). Inhibits growth of the human tumor cell line Molt4. Viscumin Protein, Viscum album, Recombinant (His) is expressed in yeast with N-6xHis tag. The predicted molecular weight is 30.4 kDa and the accession number is P81446.

Nucleolin is the major nucleolar protein of growing eukaryotic cells. It is found associated with intranucleolar chromatin and pre-ribosomal particles. It induces chromatin decondensation by binding to histone H1. It is thought to play a role in pre-rRNA transcription and ribosome assembly. May play a role in the process of transcriptional elongation. Binds RNA oligonucleotides with 5'-UUAGGG-3' repeats more tightly than the telomeric single-stranded DNA 5'-TTAGGG-3' repeats. Nucleolin Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) is expressed in yeast with N-6xHis tag. The predicted molecular weight is 54.4 kDa and the accession number is P19338.

Inactivates eukaryotic 60S ribosomal subunits. Alpha-TCS Protein, Trichosanthes kirilowii, Recombinant (His) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-10xHis tag. The predicted molecular weight is 30.8 kDa and the accession number is P09989.

EBP1, also known as PA2G4, is an RNA-binding protein that belongs to the peptidase M24 family. It can be detected n several cell lines tested, including primary and transformed cell lines. EBP1 also present in pre-ribosomal ribonucleoprotein complexes and may be involved in ribosome assembly and the regulation of intermediate and late steps of rRNA processing. This protein is a transcriptional co-repressor of androgen receptor-regulated genes and other cell cycle regulatory genes through its interactions with histone deacetylases. PA2G4 can interact with the cytoplasmic domain of the ErbB3 receptor and may contribute to transducing growth regulatory signals. EBP1 has been implicated in growth inhibition and the induction of differentiation of human cancer cells. It seems to be involved in growth regulation. EBP1 also mediates cap-independent translation of specific viral IRESs (internal ribosomal entry site).

One of the essential components for the initiation of protein synthesis. Protects formylmethionyl-tRNA from spontaneous hydrolysis and promotes its binding to the 30S ribosomal subunits. Also involved in the hydrolysis of GTP during the formation of the 70S ribosomal complex. IFM1 Protein, S. cerevisiae, Recombinant (GST) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-GST tag. The predicted molecular weight is 97.5 kDa and the accession number is P25038.

Component of the PeBoW complex, which is required for maturation of 28S and 5.8S ribosomal RNAs and formation of the 60S ribosome. Pescadillo homolog Protein, Human, Recombinant (His & Myc) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-10xHis and C-Myc tag. The predicted molecular weight is 75.4 kDa and the accession number is O00541.

NHP2-Like Protein 1 (NHP2L1) is a member of the ribosomal protein L7Ae family. NHP2L1 proteinis limited to the nucleus, primarily focused in the dense fibrillar component of the nucleolus. NHP2L1 has been shown to interact with RAD17and PRPF31. The protein undergoes a conformational change upon RNA-binding. NHP2L1 binds to the 5-stem-loop of U4 snRNA and may play a role in the late stage of spliceosome assembly, prior to step I of splicing catalysis.

The A chain is responsible for inhibiting protein synthesis through the catalytic inactivation of 60S ribosomal subunits by removing adenine from position 4,324 of 28S rRNA. Abrin-a is more toxic than ricin.; The B chain is a galactose-specific lectin that facilitates the binding of abrin to the cell membrane that precedes endocytosis. Abrin-c Protein, Abrus precatorius, Recombinant (His & Myc) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-10xHis and C-Myc tag. The predicted molecular weight is 35.3 kDa and the accession number is P28590.

60S Ribosome Subunit Biogenesis Protein NIP7 Homolog (NIP7) belongs to the NIP7 family. NIP7 contains one PUA domain, it is essential for the process of proper 27S pre-rRNA and 60S ribosome subunit assembly. NIP7 is a monomer form and interacts with NOL8 and SBDS, and may bind to RNA. In addition, NIP7 is one of the many trans-acting factors required for eukaryotic ribosome biogenesis, which interacts with nascent pre-ribosomal particles and dissociates as they complete maturation and are exported to the cytoplasm.

Importin subunit beta-1(KPNB1) is a member of the importin beta family. KPNB1 contains 1 importin N-terminal domain and 19 HEAT repeats. It is involved in nucleocytoplasmic transport, a signal- and energy-dependent process, takes place through nuclear pore complexes embedded in the nuclear envelope. Its functions in nuclear protein import, either in association with an adapter protein, like an importin-alpha subunit, which binds to nuclear localization signals (NLS) in cargo substrates, or by acting as autonomous nuclear transport receptor. The import of proteins containing a classical nuclear localization signal (NLS) requires the NLS import receptor, a heterodimer of importin alpha and beta subunits. Each of these subunits is part of the karyopherin family of proteins. Importin alpha binds the NLS-containing cargo in the cytoplasm and importin beta docks the complex at the cytoplasmic side of the nuclear pore complex. It mediates autonomously the nuclear import of ribosomal proteins RPL23A, RPS7 and RPL5.

Eukaryotic Translation Initiation Factor 1B (EIF1B) is an element of a complex involved in recognition of the initiator codon during the scanning process. Translation is also initiated by the function of EIF1B in regulating the activity of ribosomal subunits 43S, 48S and 40S. EIF1B enables 43S ribosomal complexes to distinguish between cognate and near-cognate initiation codons, perceiving the nucleotide content of initiation codons.

Recognizes the ribosomal RNA gene promoter and activates transcription mediated by RNA polymerase I through cooperative interactions with the transcription factor SL1 TIF-IB complex. It binds specifically to the upstream control element. Nucleolar transcription factor 1 Protein, Human, Recombinant (Cell-Free, His & SUMO) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-10xHis-SUMO tag. The predicted molecular weight is 107.9 kDa and the accession number is P17480.

Component of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 (eIF-3) complex, which is required for several steps in the initiation of protein synthesis. The eIF-3 complex associates with the 40S ribosome and facilitates the recruitment of eIF-1, eIF-1A, eIF-2:GTP:methionyl-tRNAi and eIF-5 to form the 43S pre-initiation complex (43S PIC). The eIF-3 complex stimulates mRNA recruitment to the 43S PIC and scanning of the mRNA for AUG recognition. The eIF-3 complex is also required for disassembly and recycling of post-termination ribosomal complexes and subsequently prevents premature joining of the 40S and 60S ribosomal subunits prior to initiation. The eIF-3 complex specifically targets and initiates translation of a subset of mRNAs involved in cell proliferation, including cell cycling, differentiation and apoptosis, and uses different modes of RNA stem-loop binding to exert either translational activation or repression.

Recognizes the ribosomal RNA gene promoter and activates transcription mediated by RNA polymerase I through cooperative interactions with the transcription factor SL1 TIF-IB complex. It binds specifically to the upstream control element. Nucleolar transcription factor 1 Protein, Human, Recombinant (E. coli, His & SUMO) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-6xHis-SUMO tag. The predicted molecular weight is 95.2 kDa and the accession number is P17480.

Catalyzes the GTP-dependent ribosomal translocation step during translation elongation. During this step, the ribosome changes from the pre-translocational (PRE) to the post-translocational (POST) state as the newly formed A-site-bound peptidyl-tRNA and P-site-bound deacylated tRNA move to the P and E sites, respectively. Catalyzes the coordinated movement of the two tRNA molecules, the mRNA and conformational changes in the ribosome.