antimicrobial,antibiotic

Taurolidine is a synthetic taurine analog with antimicrobial and anti-neoplastic actions. It displays broad bactericidal and fungicidal activity.

Neomycin sulfate (Framycin sulfate) is a broad-spectrum aminoglycoside antibiotic that blocks the synthesis of bacterial proteins in order to exert antimicrobial activity. Neomycin sulfate is commonly used to screen prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells for Neo resistance genes.

Vancomycin is a glycopeptide antibiotic that exerts its antimicrobial activity by altering the permeability of cell membranes and selectively inhibiting ribonucleic acid synthesis. Vancomycin can be used for the treatment of serious infections for which all antibiotics have failed.

Trimethoprim (NSC-106568) is a Dihydrofolate Reductase Inhibitor Antibacterial. The mechanism of action of trimethoprim is as a Dihydrofolate Reductase Inhibitor, and Cytochrome P450 2C8 Inhibitor, and Organic Cation Transporter 2 Inhibitor.

Chlorhexidine diacetate (Bactigras) is a disinfectant and topical anti-infective agent used also as mouthwash to prevent oral plaque.

Magainin 1 acetate is an antimicrobial peptide. Magainin 1 acetate exhibits antibiotic activity against numerous Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria.

PNU288034 is a potent oxazolidinone antibiotic with antimicrobial activity for the prevention and treatment of Gramnegative infections.

Cefetamet sodium (Ro 15-8074/001) is an orally available cephalosporin antibiotic with antimicrobial activity and is used to study cirrhosis of the liver and lung infections.

Erythromycin (E-Mycin) is a Macrolide and Macrolide Antimicrobial. The physiologic effect of erythromycin is by means of Decreased Sebaceous Gland Activity.

Sitafloxacin (Sitafloxacin anhydrous) is an orally active fluoroquinolone antibiotic with broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity.Sitafloxacin has been used in the study of respiratory tract infections and urinary tract infections.

Clarithromycin (A-56268) is a Macrolide Antimicrobial. The mechanism of action of clarithromycin is as a Cytochrome P450 3A4 Inhibitor, and Cytochrome P450 3A Inhibitor, and P-Glycoprotein Inhibitor. The chemical classification of clarithromycin is Macrolides.

Ochromycinone (STA 21) is a selective STAT3 inhibitor.

Amoxicillin (Amoxycillin) binds to and inactivates penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located on the inner membrane of the bacterial cell wall. Amoxicillin Anhydrous is the anhydrous form of a broad-spectrum, semisynthetic aminopenicillin antibiotic with bactericidal activity. Inactivation of PBPs interferes with the cross-linkage of peptidoglycan chains necessary for bacterial cell wall strength and rigidity. This interrupts bacterial cell wall synthesis and results in the weakening of the bacterial cell wall and causes cell lysis.

Demeclocycline (Declostatin) is a tetracycline antibiotic produced by a strain of Streptomyces aureofaciens.Demeclocycline has antimicrobial activity and inhibits the action of vasopressin on the renal tubules, leading to diuresis. Demeclocycline can be used to induce diuresis and acute renal failure.

Minocycline hydrochloride (Minocycline HCl) is a tetracycline antibiotic with excellent absorption and tissue penetration that is used for several bacterial infections as well as treatment of acne. Minocycline hydrochloride can cause both an acute hepatitis-like syndrome occurring within 1 to 3 months of starting therapy or a more insidious chronic hepatitis with autoimmune features typically after long-term treatment.

Dermcidin-1L (human), an antibiotic peptide secreted by sweat glands, exhibits antimicrobial activity and is utilized in the research of inflammatory skin disorders [1].

Sulfaguanidine (Guanicil), a sulfonamide, is served as an anti-infective agent.

Murepavadin (POL7080) (TFA), a 14-amino-acid cyclic peptide, serves as a highly potent, specific antibiotic with remarkable antimicrobial activity against P. aeruginosa, demonstrated by MIC 50 and MIC 90 values of 0.12 mg/L. It uniquely targets the lipopolysaccharide transport protein D, showing potential for research on bacterial resistance [1] [2].

Desacetyl cefapirin is an active metabolite of the cephalosporin antibiotic cefapirin .1 Desacetyl cefapirin is active against E. coli, K. pneumoniae, P. mirabilis, and S. aureus with MIC values of 120, 24, 34, and 0.42 μg/ml, respectively.References1. Jones, R.N., and Packer, R.R. Cefotaxime, cephalothin, and cephapirin: Antimicrobial activity and synergy studies of cephalosporins with significant in vivo desacetyl metabolite concentrations. Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 2(1), 65-68 (1984). Desacetyl cefapirin is an active metabolite of the cephalosporin antibiotic cefapirin .1 Desacetyl cefapirin is active against E. coli, K. pneumoniae, P. mirabilis, and S. aureus with MIC values of 120, 24, 34, and 0.42 μg/ml, respectively. References1. Jones, R.N., and Packer, R.R. Cefotaxime, cephalothin, and cephapirin: Antimicrobial activity and synergy studies of cephalosporins with significant in vivo desacetyl metabolite concentrations. Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 2(1), 65-68 (1984).

Faropenem, a highly efficacious and orally bioavailable beta-lactam antibiotic, exhibits an extensive range of in vitro antimicrobial activity against diverse gram-positive and -negative aerobes and anaerobes. Notably, Faropenem possesses inherent resistance to hydrolysis by virtually all beta-lactamases, including extended-spectrum beta-lactamases and AmpC beta-lactamases. Moreover, Faropenem has been developed as an oral prodrug, namely faropenem medoxomil, for the investigation of respiratory tract infections.

Amoxicillin D4 (Amoxycillin D4) is a deuterium-labeled Amoxicillin. Amoxicillin is an antibiotic with broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity.

Zifanocycline (KBP-7072) TFA is a semi-synthetic aminomethylcycline antibiotic with oral bioavailability, targeting bacterial ribosomes to impede their function. Displaying a broad spectrum of in vitro antimicrobial efficacy, it combats both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, inclusive of numerous multidrug-resistant strains. Its clinical investigations focus on efficacies in treating acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections, community-acquired bacterial pneumonia, and complicated intra-abdominal infections [1] [2].

Antimicrobial agent-26 is a powerful antimicrobial that has demonstrated the ability to counteract antibiotic resistance in vitro [1].

Avilamycin A is an antibiotic.1 It is active against veterinary isolates of C. perfringens (MICs = ≤0.06-0.5 mg/L) and B. hyodysenteriae (MICs = 12.5-100 μg/ml).1,2 Dietary administration of avilamycin A (15 and 30 ppm) reduces mortality in a broiler cockerel model of C. perfringens infection.3 Formulations containing avilamycin A have been used in the prevention of necrotic enteritis in livestock. |1. Watkins, K.L., Shryock, T.R., Dearth, R.N., et al. In-vitro antimicrobial susceptibility of Clostridium perfringens from commercial turkey and broiler chicken origin. Vet. Microbiol. 54(2), 195-200 (1997).|2. Uezato, K., Kinjo, E., and Adachi, Y. In vitro susceptibility of 21 antimicrobial agents to 37 isolates of Brachyspira hyodysenteriae isolated from pigs in Okinawa Prefecture. J. Vet. Med. Sci. 66(3), 307-309 (2004).|3. Paradis, M.A., McMillan, E., Bagg, R., et al. Efficacy of avilamycin for the prevention of necrotic enteritis caused by a pathogenic strain of Clostridium perfringens in broiler chickens. Avian Pathol. 45(3), 365-369 (2016).

Berkeleylactone E, a macrolide antibiotic [1], exhibits antimicrobial properties.

SF2312 is a natural phosphonate antibiotic produced by Actinobacillus microsporus and is a potent inhibitor of the glycolytic enzyme enolase.SF2312 has antimicrobial activity and inhibits bacterial growth against both Gram-negative and Gram-negative bacteria. SF2312 inhibits human recombinant ENO1 and ENO2.

Cefmetazole is a second-generation semi-synthetic β-lactam cephalosporin antibiotic with antimicrobial activity.

Human β-defensin-3 (HβD-3) is an antibiotic antimicrobial peptide synthesized by epithelial cells. It exhibits potent antimicrobial properties and mitigates inflammatory cytokine responses. HβD-3 efficiently targets various microorganisms, displaying IC90 values ranging from 6 to 25 μg/ml.

Efrotomycin, an orally active antibiotic derived from Streptomyces lactamdurans, exhibits minimal impact on the quantity, duration, shedding rate, and antimicrobial susceptibility of Salmonella typhimurium in infected pigs [1] [2].

Ciprofloxacin EP IMpurity A (Fluoroquinolonic Acid) is an antibiotic and antimicrobial agent.

IKD-8344 is a macrocyclic dilactone originally isolated from an actinomycete species and has diverse biological activities, including anticancer, antimicrobial, and anthelmintic properties.1,2,3 It is cytotoxic to L5178Y murine leukemia cells (IC50 = 0.54 ng/ml).1 IKD-8344 inhibits growth of the mycelial form of C. albicans (MIC = 6.25 μg/ml) and potentiates the activity of polymyxin B against the multidrug-resistant pathogenic bacterium B. cenocepacia.2,3 It is active against T. spiralis in vitro and in vivo.1 |1. Minami, Y., Yoshida, K., Azuma, R., et al. Structure of a novel macrodiolide antibiotic IKD-8344. Tetrahedron Lett. 33(48), 7373-7376 (1992).|2. Hwang, E.I., Yun, B.S., Yeo, W.H., et al. Compound IKD-8344, a selective growth inhibitor against the mycelial form of Candida albicans, isolated from Streptomyces sp. A6792. J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 15(4), 909-912 (2005).|3. Loutet, S.A., El-Halfawy, O.M., Jassem, A.N., et al. Identification of synergists that potentiate the action of polymyxin B against Burkholderia cenocepacia. Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents 46(4), 376-380 (2015).

Obafluorin is a β-lactone antibiotic that has been found in P. fluorescens.1 It is active against S. aureus, S. faecalis, K. pneumoniae, and P. vulgaris (MIC = 125 μg/ml for all). |1. Pu, Y., Lowe, C., Sailer, M., et al. Synthesis, stability, and antimicrobial activity of (+)-obafluorin and related β-lactone antibiotics. J. Org. Chem. 59(13), 3642-3655 (1994).

Hetacillin is a β-lactam Antibiotic that belongs to the amino-penicillin family and is converted to ampicillin by esterase.Ampicillin is a prodrug that has no antimicrobial activity.

Brilacidin tetrahydrochloride (PMX 30063 tetrahydrochloride) is a defensin mimetic antibiotic compound, exhibiting potent anti-infective antimicrobial activity against a range of bacteria. It demonstrates MIC90 values of 1 μg/mL and 8 μg/mL against the Gram-positive bacteria Streptococcus pneumoniae and Streptococcus viridans, respectively. Additionally, it has a MIC90 value of 8 μg/mL for the Gram-negative bacteria Haemophilus influenzae and a MIC90 value of 4 μg/mL for Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

LAH4 TFA, an alpha-helix of the designed amphipathic peptide antibiotic, demonstrates potent antimicrobial, nucleic acid transfection, and cell penetration capabilities, alongside high plasmid DNA delivery capacities. It also exhibits a strong affinity for anionic lipids present in the outer membrane of bacterial membranes [1] [2] [3].

Mirosamicin is a macrolide antibiotic, it has antimicrobial effect against gram-positive bacteria, some gram-negative bacteria and mycoplasma.

Aurein 2.3, an antibiotic antimicrobial peptide, partially inhibits E. coli ATPase activity and suppresses cell growth [1] [2].

Aurein 3.2 is an antimicrobial peptide with antibiotic properties and exhibits anticancer activity [1].

Dihydropleuromutilin, a semisynthetic antibiotic derived from pleuromutilin, exhibits antimicrobial efficacy against S. aureus, M. hominis, M. gallisepticum, and M. hyorhinis, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 0.5, 0.3, 0.3, and 2 µg/ml, respectively.

Nemonoxacin (TG-873870) is an orally available non-fluorinated quinolone antibiotic with broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against staphylococci, streptococci, and enterococci, as well as against Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Haemophilus influenzae.Nemonoxacin is used in the study of bacterial infections and community-acquired pneumonia.

Amoxicillin (trihydrate) mixed with potassium clavulanate (4:1) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic that exhibits strong oral absorption. It functions by inhibiting the biosynthesis of polypeptides in bacterial cell walls, which effectively halts cell growth, demonstrating its antimicrobial activity [1] [2] [3].

Josamycin (EN-141) is a macrolide antibiotic exhibiting antimicrobial activity. The dissociation constant Kd from ribosome for Josamycin is 5.5 nM.

Oleandomycin is similar to Erythromycin has antimicrobial activity. Oleandomycin is a macrolide antibiotic structurally closely related to Erythromycin.

Erythromycin dihyrate dihydrate is a macrolide antibiotic produced by actinomycete Streptomyces erythreus with a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity. Erythromycin dihyrate acts by binding to bacterial 50S ribosomal subunits and inhibits RNA-dependent protein synthesis by blockage of transpeptidation and/or translocation reactions, without affecting synthesis of nucleic acid.

Marbofloxacin (Zeniquin) is an effective, broad-spectrum antibiotic of bacterial, which inhibits DNA replication.

Difloxacin is a second-generation, synthetic fluoroquinolone antimicrobial antibiotic.

Dimboa (2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one) is an antifungal compound used in crops.

An antibiotic produced by Streptomyces fradiae.

Danofloxacin (Danofloxacin free base) is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic used in veterinary medicine.

Sulfaquinoxaline (Sulfabenzpyrazine) is an antiprotozoal agent.

Hydrocortisone buteprate (Hydrocortisone probutate) is a medium potent, non-halogenated double-ester of hydrocortisone with a favorable benefit/risk ratio for the treatment of inflammatory skin disorders.