cluster

Histone H3.1, also known as HIST1H3A, HIST1H3B, HIST1H3C, HIST1H3D, HIST1H3E, HIST1H3F, HIST1H3G, HIST1H3H, HIST1H3I, HIST1H3J, is a member of the histone H3 family which is a core component of nucleosome. It is expressed during the S phase, then expression strongly decreases as cell division slows down during the process of differentiation. Nucleosomes wrap and compact DNA into chromatin, limiting DNA accessibility to the cellular machinery which requires DNA as a template. Histones thereby play a central role in transcription regulation, DNA repair, DNA replication, and chromosomal stability. DNA accessibility is regulated via a complex set of post-translational modifications of histones, also called histone code, and nucleosome remodeling. Histones are basic nuclear proteins that are responsible for the nucleosome structure of the chromosomal fiber in eukaryotes. This structure consists of approximately 146 bp of DNA wrapped around an octamer composed of pairs of each of the four core histones (H2A, H2B, H3, and H4). The chromatin fiber is further compacted through the interaction of a linker histone, H1, with the DNA between the nucleosomes to form higher-order chromatin structures.

Mouse HLA class II histocompatibility antigen gamma chain (CD74), is a single-pass type II membrane protein that in humans is encoded by the CD74 gene. It contains 1 thyroglobulin type-1 domain. CD74 Plays a critical role in MHC class II antigen processing by stabilizing peptide-free class II alpha beta heterodimers in a complex soon after their synthesis and directing transport of the complex from the endoplasmic reticulum to compartments where peptide loading of class II takes place.

Histones are a complex family of highly conserved basic proteins responsible for packaging chromosomal DNA into nucleosomes. There are subtype diversities: H1, H2A, H2B, and H3 or H4. It has become more and more evident that histone modifications are key players in the regulation of chromatin states and dynamics as well as in gene expression. Therefore, histone modifications and the enzymatic machinery that set them are crucial regulators that can control cellular proliferation, differentiation, plasticity, and malignancy processes. However, extracellular histones are a double-edged sword because they also damage host tissue and may cause death. Histones bound to platelets, induced calcium influx, and recruited plasma adhesion proteins such as fibrinogen to induce platelet aggregation. Histone cluster 3, H2a also known as histone H2A (HIST3H2A) is a member of histones. Covalent modification of histones is important in regulating chromatin dynamics and transcription. One example of such modification is ubiquitination, which mainly occurs on histones H2A and H2B. E3 ubiquitin ligase complex is specific for histone H2A (HIST3H2A). Reducing the expression of Ring2 results in a dramatic decrease in the level of ubiquitinated H2A in HeLa cells. DNA damage induces monoubiquitylation of histone H2A (HIST3H2A) in the vicinity of DNA lesions.

Di-iron-containing protein involved in the repair of iron-sulfur clusters damaged by oxidative and nitrosative stress conditions. YTFE Protein, E. coli, Recombinant (GST) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-GST tag. The predicted molecular weight is 51.9 kDa and the accession number is P69506.

Histones are a complex family of highly conserved basic proteins responsible for packaging chromosomal DNA into nucleosomes. Histone proteins exhibit two levels of diversity: 1. evolutionary diversity between species and 2. subtype diversity in a class(H1, H2A, H2B, H3 or H4) within a species. It has become more and more evident that histone modifications are key players in the regulation of chromatin states and dynamics as well as in gene expression. Therefore, histone modifications and the enzymatic machinery that set them are crucial regulators that can control cellular proliferation, differentiation, plasticity, and malignancy processes. However, extracellular histones are a double-edged sword because they also damage host tissue and may cause death. Histones bound to platelets, induced calcium influx, and recruited plasma adhesion proteins such as fibrinogen to induce platelet aggregation. Histone H2B proteins have been studied in a variety of species and are easily detected in most species. The reversible ubiquitylation of histone H2B has long been implicated in transcriptional activation and gene silencing. Phosphorylation of H2B serine 32 occurs in normal cycling and mitogen-stimulated cells. Notably, this phosphorylation is elevated in skin cancer cell lines and tissues compared with normal counterparts. HIST2H2BE is a member of the histone H2B family and generates two transcripts through the use of the conserved stem-loop termination motif, and the polyA addition motif.

Scaffold protein for the de novo synthesis of iron-sulfur (Fe-S) clusters within mitochondria, which is required for maturation of both mitochondrial and cytoplasmic Functions as a cytoplasmic scaffold protein for the de novo synthesis of iron-sulfur clusters in the cytoplasm.

Anamorsin Protein, Human, Recombinant (His & SUMO) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-6xHis-SUMO tag. The predicted molecular weight is 49.6 kDa and the accession number is Q6FI81.

Activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule (ALCAM), also named as CD166 and MEMD, is a typeI transmembrane glycoprotein of immunoglobulin superfamily, which mediates homotypic and heterotypic interactions between cells. ALCAM interacts with high affinity with CD6 molecule but weaker homotypic (ALCAM–ALCAM) interactions have also been described. ALCAM–CD6 interactions play an important role in the maintenance of T cell activation, proliferation as well as in formation of immune synapse between antigen-presenting cell and lymphocytes. ALCAM is expressed on a wide variety of cells, particularly on activated lymphocytes, dendritic cells and monocytes, and on various epithelial cell types. It is also involved in multiple processes including embryogenesis, hematopoiesis, angiogenesis, and immune response. While expressed in a wide variety of tissues, ALCAM is usually restricted to subsets of cells in most adult tissues. Recently studies showed ALCAM has prognostic relevance in several human carcinomas, and it has been used as a biomarker for several tumor entities, including melanoma, gynecologic, urologic, and gastrointestinal cancers.

Clusterin Protein, Chinese hamster, Recombinant (His) is expressed in CHO mammalian cells with His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 50.9 kDa and the accession number is G3HNJ3-1.

Clusterin Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (His) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 50.8 kDa and the accession number is Q06890.

Clusterin Protein, Human, Recombinant (CLU34, His) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 51.5 kDa and the accession number is P10909-2.

Clusterin Protein, Human, Recombinant (hFc & His) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with C-Fc-6xHis tag. The predicted molecular weight is (33-45) and (60-85) KDa and the accession number is P10909.

Clusterin Protein, Human, Recombinant (sCLU, His) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 51.51 kDa and the accession number is NP_001822.3.

Clusterin Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with C-6xHis tag. The predicted molecular weight is 28-40 KDa and the accession number is P10909.

Cluster of differentiation 80 (also CD80 and B7-1) is a protein found on dendritic cells, activated B cells and monocytes that provides a costimulatory signal necessary for T cell activation and survival. It is the ligand for two different proteins on the T cell surface: CD28 and CTLA-4. B7-1 Protein, Human, Recombinant (aa 35-242, His & Avi), Biotinylated is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with C-His-Avi tag. The predicted molecular weight is 26.8 kDa and the accession number is P33681-1.

UBE1, also known as UBA1, belongs to the ubiquitin-activating E1 family. UBE1 gene complements an X-linked mouse temperature-sensitive defect in DNA synthesis, and thus may function in DNA repair. It is part of a gene cluster on chromosome Xp11.23. UBE1 catalyzes the first step in ubiquitin conjugation to mark cellular proteins for degradation. It also catalyzes the first step in ubiquitin conjugation to mark cellular proteins for degradation by first adenylating its C-terminal glycine residue with ATP, and thereafter linking this residue to the side chain of a cysteine residue in E1, yielding a ubiquitin-E1 thioester and free AMP. Defects in UBA1 can cause spinal muscular atrophy X-linked type 2 (SMAX2), also known as X-linked lethal infantile spinal muscular atrophy, distal X-linked arthrogryposis multiplex congenita or X-linked arthrogryposis type 1 (AMCX1). Spinal muscular atrophy refers to a group of neuromuscular disorders characterized by degeneration of the anterior horn cells of the spinal cord, leading to symmetrical muscle weakness and atrophy. SMAX2 is a lethal infantile form presenting with hypotonia, areflexia, and multiple congenital contractures.

Cluster of Differentiation 80, also called B7-1, is a member of cell surface immunoglobulin superfamily which plays key, yet distinct roles in the activation of T cells. B7-1 CD80 and B7-2 CD86, together with their receptors CD28 and CTLA4, constitute one of the dominant co-stimulatory pathways that regulate T- and B- cell responses. CD80 is mostly expressed on the surface of antigen-presenting cells including activated B cells, macrophages and dendritic cells. Although both CTLA-4 and CD28 can bind to the same ligands, CTLA-4 binds to B7-1 and B7-2 with a 20-100 fold higher affinity than CD28 and is involved in the down-regulation of the immune response.

Cluster of differentiation 80 (also CD80 and B7-1) is a protein found on dendritic cells, activated B cells and monocytes that provides a costimulatory signal necessary for T cell activation and survival. It is the ligand for two different proteins on the T cell surface: CD28 and CTLA-4. B7-1 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His & Avi) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with C-His-Avi tag. The predicted molecular weight is 26.8 kDa and the accession number is P33681-1.

Low-density lipoprotein receptor 9 (LDL receptor) is a single-pass type I membrane protein which belongs to the LDLR family. It contains 3 EGF-like domains, 7 LDL-receptor class A domains, and 6 LDL-receptor class B repeats. This protein binds LDL, the major cholesterol-carrying lipoprotein of plasma, and transports it into cells by endocytosis. In order to be internalized, the receptor-ligand complexes must first cluster into clathrin-coated pits. In case of HIV-1 infection, it functions as a receptor for extracellular Tat in neurons, mediating its internalization in uninfected cells. Defects in LDLR will result in familial hypercholesterolemia.

CD3E, is a single-pass type I membrane protein.CD3 (cluster of differentiation 3) T cell co-receptor helps to activate both the cytotoxic T cell (CD8 naive T cells) and also T helper cells (CD4 naive T cells). It consists of a protein complex and is composed of four distinct chains. In mammals, the complex contains a CD3γ chain, a CD3δ chain, and two CD3ε chains. CD3 epsilon CD3e 1-27 peptide Protein, Human, Recombinant (hFc & Avi) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with C-hFc-Avi tag. The predicted molecular weight is 31.3 kDa and the accession number is P07766.

The very low density lipoprotein receptor, known as VLDLR, is a single-pass type 1 integral membrance protein and a member of the LDL receptor family. This receptor family includes LDL receptor, LRP, megalin, VLDLR and ApoER2, and is characterized by a cluster of cysteine-rich class A repeats, epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like repeats, YWTD repeats and an O-linked sugar sdomain. VLDLR contains 3 EGF-like domains, 8 LDL-receptor class A domains, as well as 6 LDL-receptor class B repeats, and is abundant in heart, skeletal muscle, also ovary and kidney, but not in liver. VLDLR binds VLDL and transports it into cells by endocytosis. In order to be internalized, the receptor-ligand complexes must first cluster into clathrin-coated pits. VLDLR mediates the phosphorylation of mDab1 (mammalian disabled protein) via binding to Reelin, and induces the modulation of Tau phosphorylation. This pathway regulates the migration of neurons along with the radial glial fiber network during brain development. Defects of VLDLR may be the cause of VLDLR-associated cerebellar hypoplasia (VLDLRCH), a syndrome characterized by moderate-to-profound mental retardation, delayed ambulation, and predominantly truncal ataxia.

Tissue kallikrein 13 (hK13), also known as KLK-L4 (kallikrein-like gene 4), is a member of the human tissue kallikrein family of serine proteases having diverse physiological functions in many tissues. The KLK13 gene resides on chromosome 19q13.3-4 along with other 14 members in a gene cluster and shares a high degree of homology. KLK13 is a trypsin-like, secreted serine protease expressed specifically in the testicular tissue including prostate, salivary gland, breast, and testis. Growing evidence suggests that many kallikreins are implicated in carcinogenesis and may play a role in metastasis. KLK13 may be involved in the pathogenesis and or progression of breast and ovary cancers and is regarded as a novel cancer biomarker. Besides, KLK13 interacts and forms complexes with several serum protease inhibitors, such as alpha2-macroglobulin, and its expression is regulated by steroid hormones.

C12orf53 is mainly expressed in adult brain and cerebellum. It also can be detected in fetal brain and virtually no expression in spleen, heart, kidney, liver and dorsal ganglion relative to brain. C12orf53 acts as a ligand for PILRA in neural tissues, where it may be involved in immune regulation. Chromosome 12 encodes over 1,100 genes within 132 million bases. A number of skeletal deformities are linked to chromosome 12 including hypochondrogenesis, achondrogenesis and Kniest dysplasia. Noonan syndrome, which includes heart and facial developmental defects among the primary symptoms, is caused by a mutant form of PTPN11 gene product, SH-PTP2. Chromosome 12 is also home to a homeobox gene cluster which encodes crucial transcription factors for morphogenesis, and the natural killer complex gene cluster encoding C-type lectin proteins which mediate the NK cell response to MHC class I interaction.

Gap junction protein that acts as a regulator of bladder capacity. A gap junction consists of a cluster of closely packed pairs of transmembrane channels, the connexons, through which materials of low MW diffuse from one cell to a neighboring cell. Negative regulator of bladder functional capacity: acts by enhancing intercellular electrical and chemical transmission, thus sensitizing bladder muscles to cholinergic neural stimuli and causing them to contract. May play a role in cell growth inhibition through the regulation of NOV expression and localization. Plays an essential role in gap junction communication in the ventricles.; Connexin 43 is possibly the ATP-induced pore of mouse macrophages.

Aconitase 1(ACO1) or IRP1 is one member of the aconitase family that contains a diverse group of iron-sulphur(Fe-S) isomerases and two types of iron regulatory protein. Aconitase exits in two forms: one is soluble and the other is mitochondrial. ACO1 is the soluble existing form, and the mitochondrial form is ACO2. Residues from all three N-terminal domains and the larger C-terminal domain contribute to the active site region. When the enzyme is activated, it gains an additional iron atom. ACO1 can assume two different functions in cells, depending on different conditions. During iron scarcity or oxidative stress, ACO1 binds to mRNA stem-loop structures called iron responsive elements to modulate the translation of iron metabolism genes. In iron-rich conditions, ACO1 binds an iron-sulfur cluster to function as a cytosolic aconitase.

KLK3 (Kallikrein Related Peptidase 3) is a Protein Coding gene. The gene is one of the fifteen kallikrein subfamily members located in a cluster on chromosome 19. It encodes a single-chain glycoprotein, a protease that is synthesized in the epithelial cells of the prostate gland and is present in seminal plasma. KLK3, also known as Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA), kallikrein-related peptidase 3, Gamma-seminoprotein, is a secreted protein of the glandular kallikrein subfamily of serine proteases. KLK3 contains one peptidase S1 domain. KLK3 is a glycoprotein produced almost exclusively by the prostate gland. Growing evidence suggests that many kallikreins are implicated in carcinogenesis and some have potential as novel cancer and other disease biomarkers.Cancer ImmunotherapyImmune CheckpointImmunotherapyTargeted Therapy

Escherichia coli contains two major aconitases (Acns), AcnA and AcnB. They are distantly related monomeric Fe-S proteins that contain different arrangements of four structural domains. acnA is specifically subject to SoxRS-mediated activation, whereas acnB encodes the major aconitase that is synthesized earlier in the growth cycle than AcnA. It is concluded that AcnB is the major citric acid cycle enzyme. Aconitate hydratase 2 (acnB) catalyzes the isomerization of citrate to isocitrate via cis-aconitate as well as the dehydration of 2-methylisocitrate to cis-2-methylaconitate, thus it functions as the major citric-acid-cycle enzyme during exponential growth. Escherichia coli acnB serves as either an enzymic catalyst or a mRNA-binding post-transcriptional regulator, depending on the status of its iron sulfur cluster. AcnB represents a large, distinct group of Gram-negative bacterial aconitases that have an altered domain organization relative to mitochondrial aconitase and other aconitases.

Hemoglobin subunit theta-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HBQ1 gene. Theta-globin mRNA is originally found in human fetal erythroid tissue but not in adult erythroid or other nonerythroid tissue. Theta-1 is a member of the human alpha-globin gene cluster that includes five functional genes and two pseudogenes. Research supports a transcriptionally active role for the gene and a functional role for the peptide in specific cells, possibly those of early erythroid tissue. Hemoglobin has a quaternary structure characteristically composed of many multi-subunit globular proteins. Most of the amino acids in hemoglobin form alpha helices, connected by short non-helical segments. Hydrogen bonds stabilize the helical sections inside this protein, causing attractions within the molecule, folding each polypeptide chain into a specific shape. Hemoglobin's quaternary structure comes from its four subunits in roughly a tetrahedral arrangement.

CD3E, is a single-pass type I membrane protein.CD3 (cluster of differentiation 3) T cell co-receptor helps to activate both the cytotoxic T cell (CD8 naive T cells) and also T helper cells (CD4 naive T cells). It consists of a protein complex and is composed of four distinct chains. In mammals, the complex contains a CD3γ chain, a CD3δ chain, and two CD3ε chains. CD3 epsilon CD3e 1-27 peptide Protein, Cynomolgus, Recombinant (hFc & Avi) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with C-hFc-Avi tag. The predicted molecular weight is 31.3 kDa and the accession number is Q95LI5.2.

Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM-1) is the major antigen of the CD66 cluster of granulocyte differentiation antigens. The present study aimed to assess the biological function of CEACAM-1 on the growth of human colorectal cancer (CRC) cells in vitro. CEACAM1 Protein, Canine, Recombinant (His) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with C-His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 43.62 kDa and the accession number is XP_038509497.1.

One gap junction consists of a cluster of closely packed pairs of transmembrane channels, the connexons, through which materials of low MW diffuse from one cell to a neighboring cell. GJD2 Protein, Bovine, Recombinant (His & SUMO) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-6xHis-SUMO tag. The predicted molecular weight is 49.1 kDa and the accession number is Q866T7.

The cluster of differentiation (CD) system is a glycosyl phosphatidylinositol anchored membrane protein that belongs to the CD38 family.It is generally used in immunophynotyping. CD157 was discovered in a bone marrow stromal cell line where it facilitates pre-B-cell growth. CD157 is a bifunctional ectoenzyme that exhibits both ADP-ribosyl cyclase and cyclic ADP ribose hydrolase activities followed with CD38. It plays a role in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) due to its enhanced expression in RA-derived bone marrow stromal cell lines. Studies have shown that this protein have a role in predicted to function as a cell surface receptor and an immunoregulatory molecule.

Involved in iron-sulfur cluster biogenesis. Binds a 4Fe-4S cluster, can transfer this cluster to apoproteins, and thereby intervenes in the maturation of Fe S proteins. Could also act as a scaffold chaperone for damaged Fe S proteins. NfuA Protein, E. coli, Recombinant (His) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-6xHis tag. The predicted molecular weight is 25.1 kDa and the accession number is B1X760.

Involved in iron-sulfur cluster biogenesis. Binds a 4Fe-4S cluster, can transfer this cluster to apoproteins, and thereby intervenes in the maturation of Fe S proteins. Could also act as a scaffold chaperone for damaged Fe S proteins. NfuA Protein, Vibrio vulnificus, Recombinant is expressed in E. coli expression system. The predicted molecular weight is 21.0 kDa and the accession number is Q8DDU2.

Low affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc region receptor III-B, also known as Fc-gamma RIII-beta, FcR-10, IgG Fc receptor III-1, FCG3, FCGR3, CD16b and FCGR3B. FCGR3B is a GPI-anchor membrane protein and contains two Ig-like C2 type domains. FCGR3B can be expressed in orphonuclear leukocytes and stimulated eosinophils. FCGR3B can interact with INPP5D SHIP1. FCGR3B localizes in the FCGR gene cluster is a CN polymorphic gene involved in the recruitment of polymorphonuclear neutrophils to sites of inflammation and their activation. FCGR3B may serve as a trap for immune complexes in the peripheral circulation which does not activate neutrophils.

The cluster of differentiation (CD) system is commonly used as cell markers in Immunophenotyping. Different kinds of cells in the immune system can be identified through the surface CD molecules which associating with the immune function of the cell. There are more than 320 CD unique clusters and subclusters have been identified. Some of the CD molecules serve as receptors or ligands important to the cell through initiating a signal cascade which then alter the behavior of the cell. Some CD proteins do not take part in cell signal process but have other functions such as cell adhesion. CD300 is a glycoprotein family of cell surface molecules that regulate a diverse array of cellular processes via their triggering and inhibitory receptor functions. The CD300 family of myeloid immunoglobulin receptors includes activating(CD300b, CD300e) and inhibitory members(CD300a, CD300f), as well as CD300c and CD300d, whose function is uncertain.

Genetic variation in the cluster on chromosome 15, encoding the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunits (CHRNA5-CHRNA3-CHRNB4), has shown strong associations with tobacco consumption and an additional risk increase in smoking-related diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), peripheral artery disease and lung cancer. CHRNA5 may influence susceptibility to lung cancer among Han smokers. Genetic variation in nicotinic receptor alpha 5 (CHRNA5) has been associated with increased risk of addiction-associated phenotypes in humans.

KIR3DL3 (Killer Cell Immunoglobulin Like Receptor, Three Ig Domains And Long Cytoplasmic Tail 3) is a Protein Coding gene. KIR3DL3 is a framework gene of the Leukocyte Receptor Complex, present in all individuals and haplotypes analyzed to date.KIR3DL3 alleles were characterized by two families and one unrelated individual. The most centromeric gene in the human KIR cluster is KIR3DL3. The encoded protein belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily. KIR3DL3 has only one immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif and lacks the exon encoding the stem between the Immunoglobulin domains and the transmembrane region. KIR3DL3 gene is not a pseudogene but encodes a protein that is not expressed in healthy individuals. Protein expression might be induced under certain developmental or pathological situations.

TLR4, also known as TLR-4, is a member of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) family, which plays a fundamental role in pathogen recognition and activation of innate immunity. TLRs are highly conserved from Drosophila to humans and share structural and functional similarities. They recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) that are expressed on infectious agents, and mediate the production of cytokines necessary for the development of effective immunity. TLR4 is most abundantly expressed in placenta, and in myelomonocytic subpopulation of the leukocytes. TLR 4 has also been designated as CD284 (cluster of differentiation 284). It has been implicated in signal transduction events induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) found in most gram-negative bacteria. TLR4 Cooperates with LY96 and CD14 to mediate the innate immune response to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). It acts via MYD88, TIRAP and TRAF6, leading to NF-kappa-B activation, cytokine secretion and the inflammatory response. It is also involved in LPS-independent inflammatory responses triggered by Ni(2+).

The cluster of differentiation (CD) system is commonly used as cell markers in Immunophenotyping. Different kinds of cells in the immune system can be identified through the surface CD molecules associating with the immune function of the cell. There are more than 320 CD unique clusters and subclusters have been identified. Some of the CD molecules serve as receptors or ligands important to the cell through initiating a signal cascade which then alter the behavior of the cell. Some CD proteins do not take part in cell signal process but have other functions such as cell adhesion. CD209b, also known as SIGNR1, is a C-type lectin receptor. CD209b is present on most regions of mouse brain and found on microglia and dendritic cells but not on neurons or astrocytes. CD209b is implicated in the recently described SIGNR1 complement activation pathway, which operates against capsular polysaccharides in splenic marginal macrophages. CD209b in rat is homologue to SIGNR1 in mouse, both of which are found to mediate the uptake of dextran or CPS14 within the splenic marginal zone.

Protein argonaute-1, also known as eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2C 1, EIF2C1, and AGO1, is a member of the argonaute family and ago subfamily. Protein argonaute-1 in humans is encoded by the EIF2C1 gene. This gene is located on chromosome 1 in a cluster of closely related family members including argonaute 3, and argonaute 4. This genomic region is frequently lost in human cancers such as Wilms tumors, neuroblastoma, and carcinomas of the breast, liver, and colon. The human EIF2C1 gene is ubiquitously expressed at low to medium levels. Differential polyadenylation and splicing result in a complex transcriptional pattern.EIF2C1 protein contains onePAZ domain and onePiwi domain. It is required for RNA-mediated gene silencing (RNAi) and transcriptional gene silencing (TGS) of promoter regions which are complementary to bound short antigene RNAs (agRNAs). EIF2C1 binds to short RNAs such as microRNAs (miRNAs) or short interfering RNAs (siRNAs), and represses the translation of mRNAs which are complementary to them.

The cluster of differentiation (CD) system is commonly used as cell markers in Immunophenotyping. Different kinds of cells in the immune system can be identified through the surface CD molecules associating with the immune function of the cell. There are more than 320 CD unique clusters and subclusters have been identified. Some of the CD molecules serve as receptors or ligands important to the cell through initiating a signal cascade which then alter the behavior of the cell. Some CD proteins do not take part in cell signal process but have other functions such as cell adhesion. CD9 is a member of the transmembrane 4 superfamily, which is also known as the tetraspanin family. CD9 is a cell surface glycoprotein with 4 hydrophobic domains that are described as complex with integrins and other transmembrane 4 superfamily members. It is found expressed on the surface of the exosomes. The protein takes part in cellular signal transduction events and thus play a role in the regulation of cell development and activation, growth and motility. Besides, CD9 seems to be a key role in the egg-sperm fusion during the mammalian fertilization processes. CD9 is found on the membrane of the oocytes and also appears to intervene in maintaining the normal shape of oocyte microvilli.

LPAL2 (Lipoprotein(A) Like 2, Pseudogene) is a Pseudogene. This gene is similar to the lipoprotein, Lp(a) gene, but all transcripts produced by this gene contain a truncated open reading frame and are candidates for nonsense-mediated decay. Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] level is an established risk factor for coronary artery disease and has been implicated in carotid artery disease (CAAD). Mutations in the solute carrier family 22 member 3 (SLC22A3), lipoprotein (a)-like 2 (LPAL2), and the lipoprotein (a) (LPA) gene cluster, which encodes apolipoprotein (a) [apo (a)] of the lipoprotein (a) [Lp (a)] lipoprotein particle, have been suggested to contribute to the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD). Recent genome-wide association studies have identified that genetic variants in the SLC22A3-LPAL2-LPA gene cluster influence plasma lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] concentration.

Protein S100-A8(Mrp8) contains 2 EF-hand domains and belongs to the S-100 family. Mrp8 binds two calcium ions per molecule with an affinity similar to that of the S-100 proteins. S100 proteins are localized in the cytoplasm and or nucleus of a wide range of cells, and involved in the regulation of a number of cellular processes such as cell cycle progression and differentiation. S100 genes include at least 13 members which are located as a cluster on chromosome 1q21. It may function in the inhibition of casein kinase and as a cytokine. Altered expression of this protein is associated with the disease cystic fibrosis.

Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM-1) is the major antigen of the CD66 cluster of granulocyte differentiation antigens. The present study aimed to assess the biological function of CEACAM-1 on the growth of human colorectal cancer (CRC) cells in vitro. CEACAM1 Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (aa 35-428, His) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with C-His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 44.7 kDa and the accession number is P31809-1.

Involved in iron-sulfur cluster biogenesis. Binds a 4Fe-4S cluster, can transfer this cluster to apoproteins, and thereby intervenes in the maturation of Fe S proteins. Could also act as a scaffold chaperone for damaged Fe S proteins. NfuA Protein, E. coli, Recombinant (Avi & His & MBP), Biotinylated is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-MBP and C-6xHis-Avi tag. The predicted molecular weight is 68.8 kDa and the accession number is B1X760.

One gap junction consists of a cluster of closely packed pairs of transmembrane channels, the connexons, through which materials of low MW diffuse from one cell to a neighboring cell. GJA5 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) is expressed in E. coli expression system with C-6xHis tag. The predicted molecular weight is 21.6 kDa and the accession number is P36382.

CD3E, is a single-pass type I membrane protein.CD3 (cluster of differentiation 3) T cell co-receptor helps to activate both the cytotoxic T cell (CD8 naive T cells) and also T helper cells (CD4 naive T cells). It consists of a protein complex and is composed of four distinct chains. In mammals, the complex contains a CD3γ chain, a CD3δ chain, and two CD3ε chains. CD3 epsilon CD3e Protein, Cynomolgus, Recombinant (His) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with C-His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 11.7 kDa and the accession number is Q95LI5.