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6-Diazo-5-oxo-L-nor-Leucine (L-6-Diazo-5-oxonorleucine) is a glutaminase antagonist (Ki: 6 μM) and an antineoplastic antibiotic produced by an unidentified Streptomyces species from Peruvian soil.

L-5-Hydroxytryptophan (L-5-HTP), the immediate precursor in the biosynthesis of SEROTONIN from tryptophan, is used as an antiepileptic and antidepressant.

S-(5'-Adenosyl)-L-methionine tosylate (SAMe) is a ubiquitous methyl donor involved in a wide variety of biological reactions, including those mediated by DNA and protein methyltransferases [1]. S-(5'-Adenosyl)-L-methionine tosylate (SAMe) is a stable salt of SAM that is included in nutritional supplements for oral use [2]. S-(5'-Adenosyl)-L-methionine tosylate (SAMe) reportedly ameliorates depression, pain associated with osteoarthritis and fibromyalgia, and liver toxicity [3].

4-Chloro-3-methoxy-5-methylphenyl 6-O-(6-deoxy-β-L-mannopyranosyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside (compound 3), a natural anticancer agent extracted from Lilium regale, exhibits potent inhibitory effects on the proliferation of A549 lung cancer cells and holds promise for applications in cancer research [1].

S-(5'-Adenosyl)-L-methionine chloride is a natural product. The catalog number is TN6669 and the CAS number is 24346-00-7. S-(5'-Adenosyl)-L-methionine chloride can be used as a reference standard.

1-(3',5'-dimethoxy)phenyl-2-[4''-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl (6→1)-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl]phenylethane showed cytotoxic activities to Hela and hep2 cell lines.

Thymidine-5'-diphosphate-L-rhamnose disodium, isolated from Occhromonas malhamensis [1], is a chemical compound.

SAH (SAH (S-Adenosylhomocysteine)) is an inhibitor for the METTL3-METTL14 heterodimer complex (METTL3-14, IC50: 0.9 μM).

L-Histidine (L-(-)-Histidine) is a semi-essential amino acid (children should obtain it from food) needed in humans for growth and tissue repair, L-Histidine is important for maintenance of myelin sheaths that protect nerve cells and is metabolized to the neurotransmitter histamine. Histamines play many roles in immunity, gastric secretion, and sexual functions. L-Histidine is also required for blood cell manufacture and protects tissues against damage caused by radiation and heavy metals.

Liothyronine (Tresitope) is an active form of thyroid hormone, binding to β1 thyroid hormone receptor (TRβ1), and activates its activity.

L-Glutamine (L-Glutamic acid 5-amide), a non-essential amino acid, is synthesized from glutamic acid and ammonia.

Methyl L-pyroglutamate (L-Pyroglutamic acid methyl ester) shows anti-inflammatory activity. Methyl L-pyroglutamate is isolated from Portulaca oleracea L..

L-Pyroglutamic acid (pidolic acid), a cyclized derivative of the L-GLUTAMIC ACID, can elevate blood levels. This function may be associated with problems of GLUTATHIONE or GLUTAMINE metabolism.

Goitrin ((S)-Goitrin), formed through glucosinolate-myrosinase reactions, serves as a potent inhibitor of thyroid peroxidase, thereby hindering the thyroid's utilization of iodine. Additionally, it demonstrates anti-influenza virus (H1N1) activity.

(1beta,3beta,25S)-3-Hydroxyspirost-5-en-1-yl 2-O-(6-deoxy-alpha-L-mannopyranosyl)-beta-D-xylopyranoside is a natural product

Asymmetric dimethylarginine [an endogenous inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase (NOS)], is a compound that inhibits the enzyme responsible for producing nitric oxide.

Spinacine has been isolated from spinach and the roots of Panax ginseng. This conformationally constrained amino acid is a structural element in certain biologically active compounds as glucagon antagonists and angiotensin II receptor antagonists. Spinacine can be inserted as a His replacement with a locked imidazole moiety for elucidating the role of the lateral heterocycle in the activity of a peptide.

L-Arabinitol (L-(-)-Arabitol) is a potential biomarker for the comsuption of the food products such as sweet potato, deerberry, moth bean. L-Arabinitol is associated with Alzheimer's disease and ribose-5-phosphate isomerase deficiency.

5-aminovalerate (or 5-aminopentanoic acid) is a lysine degradation product. It can be produced both endogenously or through bacterial catabolism of lysine. 5-aminovalerate is formed via the following multi-step reaction: L-lysine leads to cadverine leads

2'-Deoxycytidine is one of the major nucleosides of DNA consisting of cytosine and deoxyribose and inhibits the biological effects of bromodeoxyuridine (Brdu). The nucleoside consists only of a pentose sugar attached to a purine or pyrimidine base and has no phosphate group. When N1 is attached to C1 of deoxyribose, deoxyribosides and nucleotides are formed from cytosine and deoxyribose; deoxycytidine monophosphate (dCMP), deoxycytidine diphosphate (dCDP), and deoxycytidine triphosphate (dCTP). cTP is the source of cytosine in RNA (ribonucleic acid) and deoxycytidine triphosphate (dCTP) is the source of deoxycytidine in DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). Itaconic acid is a polymer.

Histidine (abbreviated as His or H) is an alpha-amino acid. The L-isomer is one of the 22 proteinogenic amino acids, i.e., the building blocks of proteins. It is classified as a charged, polar because of the hydrophilic nature of the imidazole side chain.

Rotundine (Gindarine) (L-tetrahydropalmatine, L-THP) is a selective dopamine D1 receptor antagonist with IC50 of 166 nM.

Drotaverine hydrochloride is a type 4 cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (PDE4) inhibitor，and is an antispasmodic drug, used to enhance cervical dilation during childbirth. Drotaverine hydrochloride is structurally related to papaverine

Cinchonidine (L-Cinchonidine) is an alkaloid extracted from Cinchona officinalis. It is a pseudo-enantiomer and stereoisomer of cinchonine.

N-acetyl-L-methionine is nutritionally and metabolically equivalent to L-methionine. Methionine is a dietary indispensable amino acid required for normal growth and development of humans, other mammals, and avian species. In addition to being a substrate

5'-Guanylic acid disodium salt (GMP-5) is a purine ribonucleoside monophosphate. L-Glutamic acid and guanosine monophosphate are biosynthesized from xanthylic acid and L-glutamine via GMP synthase [glutamine-hydrolyzing]. Guanosine triphosphate and guanosine monophosphate are biosynthesized from diguanosine tetraphosphate via bis(5'-nucleosyl)-tetraphosphatase [asymmetrical]. In humans, guanosine monophosphate is involved in the kanamycin, telithromycin, tobramycin, and erythromycin action pathways, and several metabolic disorders including AICA-ribosiduria, adenosine deaminase deficiency, adenine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency (aprt), and 2-hydroxyglutric aciduria (D and L form) pathways. Guanosine monophosphate is also found in foods like onion-family vegetables, millet, Chinese water chestnut, and red rice, serving as a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods.

Catharanthine Tartrate is a natural product isolated from Madagascar periwinkle, Catharanthine Tartrate inhibits voltage-operated L-type Ca2+ channel, with anti-cancer and blood pressure-lowering activity

ALPHA-PINENE ((-)-Alpha-Pinene) is a bicyclic monoterpene found in pine trees and other plants, including Cannabis with diverse biological activities [1]. It reduces the growth of a panel of seven Gram-positive bacteria, seven Gram-negative bacteria, and eight yeast strains with MIC values of 0.75-1.29, 1.05-1.59, and 0.7-1.17%, respectively [2]. It has insecticidal activity against C. molestus larvae with LC50 values ranging from 47 to 49 mg L.3 ALPHA-PINENE (100 μg ml) induces apoptosis, increases anion superoxide production and DNA fragmentation, and activates caspase-3 in B16 F10 melanoma cells [4]. In a B16 F10 mouse xenograft model, ALPHA-PINENE(100 ml of a 10 mg ml solution) reduces the number of metastatic lung nodules by approximately 7-fold. ALPHA-PINENE(8.6 mg L, aerosol) also increases the time spent in the open arms of the elevated plus maze by approximately 2-fold in mice, indicating anxiolytic-like activity [5].

5-Methoxysuberenone is a chemical constituent of the root bark of Toddalia asiatica (L.) Lam. (T. aculeata Pers.), Rutaceae.

Xanthosine 5'-monophosphate sodium salt (L-XMP Sodium) serves as an intermediate in purine metabolism.

Nimbin is an anti-pyretic, can be used to treat arthritis, hypoglycaemia, peptic ulcers, anti-secretory activity, and it can also be used as an antibiotic. Nimbin requires to elicit a 50% inhibition of this steroid hydroxylase activity in the three insect

(-)-β-Peltatin-5-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside, an active compound, can be isolated from P. peltatum L. [1].

5-O-(3'-O-Glucosylcaffeoyl)quinic acid (compound 19) is a phenolic compound primarily found in the leaves of *Ilex glabra* L. Gray (Aquifoliaceae).

L-hydroxylysine dihydrochloride , is formed by posttranslational hydroxylation of some lysine residues. It is an amino acid, is exclusive to collagen protein.

Kadsulignan L shows in vitro antiviral effects on hepatitis B virus. It also shows moderate platelet-activating factor (PAF) antagonistic activities with the IC50 value of 2.6 x 10(-5) M.

Uvaol diacetate (Compound 5), a triterpenoid derivative sourced from the leaves of Nerium oleander L. [1], is a chemical entity belonging to the class of compounds known as triterpenoids.

P-Hydroxyphenethyl trans-ferulate exhibits affinity toward 5-HT(7) receptors in a competitive binding assay. P-Hydroxyphenethyl trans-ferulate can double quinone reductase specific activity in Hepa 1c1c7 cells at a level of 2.1 microg/mL (6.6 microM).

Qingyangshengenin 3-O-α-L-cymaropyranosyl-(1→4)-β-D-oleandropyranosyl-(1→4)-β-D-cymaropyranosyl-(1→4)-β-D-cymaropyranoside is a natural product for research related to life sciences. The catalog number is TN5301 and the CAS number is 1808159-02-5.

Bile acids are essential for solubilization and transport of dietary lipids, are the major products of cholesterol catabolism, and are physiological ligands for farnesoid X receptor (FXR), a nuclear receptor that regulates genes involved in lipid metabolism.1They are also inherently cytotoxic, as physiological imbalance contributes to increased oxidative stress.2,3Bile acid-controlled signaling pathways are promising novel targets to treat such metabolic diseases as obesity, type II diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and atherosclerosis.Guggulsterone, derived from resin of the guggul tree, is a competitive antagonist of FXR bothin vitroandin vivo.4Thecisstereoisomer of guggulsterone, (E)-guggulsterone, decreases chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA)-induced FXR activation with an IC50value of 15 μM.5,6By inhibiting CDCA-induced transactivation of FXR, guggulsterone lowers low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglyceride levels in rodents fed a high cholesterol diet.4 1.Makishima, M., Okamoto, A.Y., Repa, J.J., et al.Identification of a nuclear receptor for bile acidsScience2841362-1365(1999) 2.Barbier, O., Torra, I.P., Sirvent, A., et al.FXR induces the UGT2B4 enzyme in hepatocytes: A potential mechanism of negative feedback control of FXR activityGastroenterology1241926-1940(2003) 3.Tan, K.P., Yang, M., and Ito, S.Activation of nuclear factor (erythroid-2 like) factor 2 by toxic bile acids provokes adaptive defense responses to enhance cell survival at the emergence of oxidative stressMol. Pharmacol.72(5)1380-1390(2007) 4.Urizar, N.L., Liverman, A.B., Dodds, D.T., et al.A natural product that lowers cholesterol as an anatagonist ligand for FXRScience296(5573)1703-1706(2002) 5.Cui, J., Huang, L., Zhao, A., et al.Guggulsterone is a farnesoid X receptor antagonist in coactivator association assays but acts to enhance transcription of bile salt export pumpThe Journal of Biological Chemisty278(12)10214-10220(2003) 6.Wu, J., Xia, C., Meier, J., et al.The hypolipidemic natural product guggulsterone acts as an antagonist of the bile acid receptorMolecular Endocrinology16(7)1590-1597(2002)

Otophylloside B 4'''-O-alpha-L-cymaropyranoside is a natural product for research related to life sciences. The catalog number is TN4719 and the CAS number is 171422-82-5.

Polyporusterone C (Compound 3), a natural product extracted from Polyporus umbellatus, exhibits cytotoxic activities, displaying IC50 values of 37, 26, and 42 μg/mL against L-1210 cells after 3, 5, and 7 days of treatment, respectively [1].

3,5,7,8,3',4',5'-Heptamethoxyflavone is a natural product from Murraya exotica L

Euphoscopin B (compound 5), a macrocyclic diterpene with cytotoxic properties, has been isolated from Euphorbia helioscopia L [1].

Piliformic acid is a fungal metabolite found in [N. pseudotrichia] with diverse biological activities. It is cytotoxic to BC-1 human breast cancer cells (IC50 = 5 μg ml) and active against [L. braziliensis] amastigotes (IC50 = 78.5 μM). It also shows activity against the plant pathogenic fungi [C. gloeosporioides] (MIC = 292 μM).

Nε,Nε,Nε-Trimethyllysine chloride (Lys(Me)3-OH Chloride) is a methylated derivative of lysine, found in histone proteins and serves as a coenzyme in fatty acid oxidation. It is a precursor for carnitine, generated by S-adenosyl-L-methionine on lysine residues. Upon proteolysis, it is converted to 3-hydroxy-6-N-trimethyllysine by mitochondrial 6-N-trimethyllysine dioxygenase, initiating carnitine biosynthesis.

Trypacidin is a fungal metabolite originally isolated fromA. fumigatus.1It is active againstB. subtilisandM. bovis(MICs = 12.5 and 1.25 μg/ml, respectively), as well asT. cruziandT. gondii(MICs = 5-10 and 10-20 μg/ml, respectively).1,2It reduces viability and induces lysis of A549 human lung cancer cells (IC50s = 7.4 μM for both).3Trypacidin increases survival in a mouse model ofT. gondiiinfection when administered in six doses of 12.5 mg/kg each.1 1.Balan, J., Ebringer, L., Nemec, P., et al.Antiprotozoal antibiotics. II. Isolation and characterization of trypacidin, a new antibiotic, active against Trypanosoma cruzi and Toxoplasma gondiiJ. Antibiot. (Tokyo)16157-160(1963) 2.Song, Z., Liu, Y., Gao, J., et al.Antitubercular metabolites from the marine-derived fungus strain Aspergillus fumigatus MF029Nat. Prod. Res.1-8(2019) 3.Gauthier, T., Wang, X., Dos Santos, J.S., et al.Trypacidin, a spore-borne toxin from Aspergillus fumigatus, is cytotoxic to lung cellsPLoS One7(2)e29906(2012)

L-Alloisoleucine (L-allo-Isoleucine) is a branched chain amino acid and is a stereoisomer of L-isoleucine. It is a common constituent of human plasma (albeit at low levels). L-alloisoleucine is produced as a byproduct of isoleucine transamination. Plasma L-alloisoleucine, which is derived from L-isoleucine in vivo, can be used for the diagnosis of maple syrup urine disease (MSUD), a genetic disorder. Indeed, plasma L-alloisoleucine levels above 5 μmol L is the most specific and most sensitive diagnostic marker for all forms of MSUD.

DL-5-Hydroxylysine hydrochloride (5-hydroxylysine hydrochloride) is a racemic mixture of D- and L- enantiomers of 5-hydroxylysine which may be used as potential target markers for radical-induced protein oxidation.