Functions as a GC-rich promoter-specific transactivating transcription factor. Vasculin Protein, Human, Recombinant (His & SUMO) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-6xHis-SUMO tag. The predicted molecular weight is 36.8 kDa and the accession number is Q86WP2.

HWP1 Protein, Candida albicans, Recombinant (His) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-6xHis tag. The predicted molecular weight is 24.2 kDa and the accession number is P46593.

Influenza A H5N1 (A/barnswallow/HongKong/D10-1161/2010) Hemagglutinin/HA Protein (His) is expressed in Baculovirus insect cells with His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 60.2 kDa and the accession number is L7S370.

Influenza A H5N1 (A/barn swallow/Hong Kong/D10-1161/2010) Hemagglutinin/HA1 Protein (His) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 38.2 kDa and the accession number is L7S370.

Influenza A H5N1 (A/barnswallow/HongKong/D10-1161/2010) Hemagglutinin Protein (HA1+HA2, His) is expressed in Baculovirus insect cells with His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 59.8 kDa and the accession number is L7S370.

Polymerizes chitin, a structural polymer of the cell wall and septum, by transferring the sugar moiety of UDP-GlcNAc to the non-reducing end of the growing chitin polymer. Required for mitotic division septum formation during adverse conditions. CHS1 Protein, S. cerevisiae, Recombinant (His) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-6xHis tag. The predicted molecular weight is 26.6 kDa and the accession number is P08004.

Mediates digestion of the cell walls of the 2 mating type gametes during mating as a necessary prelude to cell fusion. This enzyme acts specifically on the framework proteins (inner wall) of the cell wall, cleaving several model peptides at specific sites. Autolysin Protein, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, Recombinant (His & SUMO) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-6xHis-SUMO tag. The predicted molecular weight is 65.6 kDa and the accession number is P31178.

CXC chemokine ligand 16 (CXCL16) is a CXC soluble chemokine, an adhesion molecule and a cell surface scavenger receptor. CXCL16 regulates inflammation, tissue injury and fibrosis. Parenchymal renal cells, vascular wall cells, leukocytes and platelets express and/or release CXCL16 under the regulation of inflammatory mediators. CXCL16 expression is increased in experimental and human nephropathies. Targeting CXCL16 protected from experimental glomerular injury or interstitial fibrosis. CXCL16 Protein, Human, Recombinant (hFc) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with C-hFc tag. The predicted molecular weight is 45.9 kDa and the accession number is Q9H2A7.

Collagen alpha-1(VIII) chain, also known as endothelial collagen, C3orf7 and COL8A1, can be cleaved into vastatin chain. COL8A1 is a short chain collagen and a major component of the basement membrane of the corneal endothelium. COL8A1 forms homotrimers, or heterotrimers in association with alpha 2(VIII) type collagens. Four homotrimers can form a tetrhedron stabilized by central interacting C-terminal NC1 trimers. COL8A1 contains one C1q domain and is primarily expressed in the subendothelium of large blood vessels. The expression level can be up-regulated during vascular injury, in atherosclerosis and in diabetes. COL8A1 may have a role in the maintenance of vessel wall integrity and structure, in particular in atherogenesis.

Responsible for the post-translational oxidative deamination of peptidyl lysine residues in precursors to fibrous collagen and elastin. Regulator of Ras expression. May play a role in tumor suppression. Plays a role in the aortic wall architecture. LOX Protein, Human, Recombinant (His & Myc & SUMO) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-10xHis-SUMO and C-Myc tag. The predicted molecular weight is 49.0 kDa and the accession number is P28300.

Component of the cytoskeleton-like structure which stabilizes the shape of the wall-less mycoplasma. This cytoskeleton-like network of accessory proteins containing HMW proteins 1 to 5 allows the proper anchoring of cytadhesin proteins in the mycoplasmal membrane at the attachment organelle. Essential for successful surface parasitism. HMW3 Protein, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Recombinant (His & Myc) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-10xHis and C-Myc tag. The predicted molecular weight is 27.1 kDa and the accession number is Q50360.

With TolR probably plays a role in maintaining the position of the peptidoglycan cell wall in the periplasm. Acts as a porin with low permeability that allows slow penetration of small solutes; an internal gate slows down solute passage.; Required for conjugation with F-type plasmids; probably serves as the mating receptor on recipient cells. OmpA Protein, E. coli O157:H7, Recombinant (His & SUMO) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-6xHis-SUMO tag. The predicted molecular weight is 35.6 kDa and the accession number is P0A911.

Essential cell division protein that forms a contractile ring structure (Z ring) at the future cell division site. The regulation of the ring assembly controls the timing and the location of cell division. One of the functions of the FtsZ ring is to recruit other cell division proteins to the septum to produce a new cell wall between the dividing cells. Binds GTP and shows GTPase activity. FtsZ Protein, E. coli O6:H1, Recombinant (His & SUMO) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-6xHis-SUMO tag. The predicted molecular weight is 56.3 kDa and the accession number is P0A9A7.

Responsible for the post-translational oxidative deamination of peptidyl lysine residues in precursors to fibrous collagen and elastin. Regulator of Ras expression. May play a role in tumor suppression. Plays a role in the aortic wall architecture. LOX Protein, Rat, Recombinant (His) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-6xHis tag. The predicted molecular weight is 33.0 kDa and the accession number is P16636.

Hydrolyzes the N-acetamido groups of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in chitin to form chitosan and acetate. Chitosan is a component of the spore wall. CDA2 Protein, S. cerevisiae, Recombinant (His) is expressed in yeast with N-6xHis tag. The predicted molecular weight is 34.9 kDa and the accession number is Q06703.

Has a role in cell separation where it is required for the degradation of the cell wall material surrounding the septum (the septum edging) which must be hydrolyzed before full separation of the daughter cells can occur. Hydrolyzes 1,3-alpha-glucan predominantly into pentasaccharides. Agn1 Protein, S. pombe, Recombinant (His & Myc) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-10xHis and C-Myc tag. The predicted molecular weight is 51.8 kDa and the accession number is O13716.

TFAP2C, also known as AP2-GAMMA, is a member of the activating protein 2 family of transcription factors. AP-2 factors bind to the consensus sequence 5'-GCCNNNGGC-3' and activate genes involved in a large spectrum of important biological functions including proper eye, face, body wall, limb and neural tube development. They also suppress a number of genes including MCAM/MUC18, C/EBP alpha and MYC. TFAP2C may be prognostic indicators for patients with breast tumors. TFAP2C gene has been tested for association to diseases (Breast Neoplasms; Carcinoma) and proposed to participate in processes (cell-cell signaling, male gonad development, regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter). Proteins are expected to have molecular functions (DNA binding, protein binding, protein dimerization activity, transcription factor activity) and to localize in various compartments (membrane, nucleus).

With TolR probably plays a role in maintaining the position of the peptidoglycan cell wall in the periplasm. Acts as a porin with low permeability that allows slow penetration of small solutes; an internal gate slows down solute passage.; Required for conjugation with F-type plasmids; probably serves as the mating receptor on recipient cells.

Cell wall formation. Synthesis of cross-linked peptidoglycan from the lipid intermediates. The enzyme has a penicillin-insensitive transglycosylase N-terminal domain (formation of linear glycan strands) and a penicillin-sensitive transpeptidase C-terminal domain (cross-linking of the peptide subunits) (Probable). Has a partially redundant function with PBP-2A (pbpA) during spore outgrowth. PBP 4 Protein, Bacillus subtilis, Recombinant (His & SUMO) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-6xHis-SUMO tag. The predicted molecular weight is 43.0 kDa and the accession number is P40750.

Essential cell division protein that forms a contractile ring structure (Z ring) at the future cell division site. The regulation of the ring assembly controls the timing and the location of cell division. One of the functions of the FtsZ ring is to recruit other cell division proteins to the septum to produce a new cell wall between the dividing cells. Binds GTP and shows GTPase activity.

Protein O-mannosyltransferase involved in O-glycosylation which is essential for cell wall rigidity. Forms a heterodimeric complex with PMT3 and more rarely with PMT2 to transfer mannose from Dol-P-mannose to Ser or Thr residues on proteins. PMT5 Protein, S. cerevisiae, Recombinant (His) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-6xHis tag. The predicted molecular weight is 38.6 kDa and the accession number is P52867.

Acts as a fimbriae subunit, allowing adhesion to host cells.; With TolR probably plays a role in maintaining the position of the peptidoglycan cell wall in the periplasm. Acts as a porin with low permeability that allows slow penetration of small solutes; an internal gate slows down solute passage.

Essential cell division protein that forms a contractile ring structure (Z ring) at the future cell division site. The regulation of the ring assembly controls the timing and the location of cell division. One of the functions of the FtsZ ring is to recruit other cell division proteins to the septum to produce a new cell wall between the dividing cells. Binds GTP and shows GTPase activity. FtsZ Protein, S. aureus, Recombinant (His) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-6xHis tag. The predicted molecular weight is 45.1 kDa and the accession number is P0A031.

Component of the cytoskeleton-like structure which stabilizes the shape of the wall-less Mycoplasma. This cytoskeleton-like network of accessory proteins containing HMW proteins 1 to 5 allows the proper anchoring of cytadhesin proteins in the mycoplasmal membrane at the attachment organelle.

Galectin-Related Protein (LGALSL) is a 172 amino acid protein that contains one Galectin domain. LGALSL does not appear to bind carbohydrates or lactose as the critical residues required for binding are not conserved. LGALSL may play a significant role in stimulating smooth muscle growth in developing alveolar wall vessels and the development of pulmonary capillaries.

Surfactant Pulmonary-Associated Protein D (SP-D) is a 43 kDa member of the collectin family of innate immune modulators. Its principal components consist of a collagen-like region and a C-terminal carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD), a structure that places it in a subset of pattern recognition proteins termed defense collagens. SP-D is constitutively secreted by alveolar lining cells and epithelium associated with tubular structures and induced in cardiac smooth muscle and endothelial cells. It binds both secreted and transmembrane proteins that transduce its function. It binds human neutrophil defensins, modulating influenza anti-viral defense. It binds MD-2/LY96, a secreted protein that cooperates with Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in the response of macrophages to bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) or cell wall components. It also binds macrophage CD14 and TLRs directly, blocking binding of LPS and down-regulating TNF-α secretion. SP-D binding of both SIRPα and the calreticulin/CD91 complex on macrophages allows for a graded response to environmental challenge.

Vasorin is a typical type I membrane protein. It contains 1 EGF-like domain, 1 fibronectin type-III domain, 10 LRR (leucine-rich) repeats, 1 LRRCT domain and 1 LRRNT domain. Vasorin is predominantly expressed in vascular smooth muscle cells, and that its expression is developmentally regulated. vasorin It directly binds to transforming growth factor (TGF)-β and attenuates TGF-β signaling in vitro. This suggests that down-regulation of vasorin expression contributes to neointimal formation after vascular injury and that vasorin modulates cellular responses to pathological stimuli in the vessel wall.

An outer membrane lipoprotein that controls the distance between the inner and outer membranes; adding residues to Lpp increases the width of the periplasm. The only protein known to be covalently linked to the peptidoglycan network (PGN). Also non-covalently binds the PGN. The link between the cell outer membrane and PGN contributes to the maintenance of the structural and functional integrity of the cell envelope, and maintains the correct distance between the PGN and the outer membrane. The most abundant cellular protein in terms of copy number, there can be up to one million Lpp molecules per cell. About one-third of Lpp is bound to the PGN (called bound or periplasmic) the rest is called free or transmembrane. The 'free' form can be surface labeled by membrane impermeable agents and so must cross the outer membrane; it is thought that this transmembrane form is still anchored in the inner leaflet of the outer membrane. Modeling suggests that non-covalent binding of OmpA (from the outer membrane) and TolR (from the inner membrane) to peptidoglycan maintains the position of the cell wall in the periplasm, holding it approximately equidistant from both the inner and outer membranes. Trimeric Lpp controls the width of the periplasm, adjusts its tilt angle to accommodate to the available space, and can compensate in part for an absence of OmpA (Probable). The role of the cell surface-exposed, free form (transmembrane) of Lpp is unknown.

Catalyzes the first step in the D-alanylation of lipoteichoic acid (LTA), the activation of D-alanine and its transfer onto the D-alanyl carrier protein (Dcp) DltC. In an ATP-dependent two-step reaction, forms a high energy D-alanyl-AMP intermediate, followed by transfer of the D-alanyl residue as a thiol ester to the phosphopantheinyl prosthetic group of the Dcp. D-alanylation of LTA plays an important role in modulating the properties of the cell wall in Gram-positive bacteria, influencing the net charge of the cell wall.

Provides the (R)-glutamate required for cell wall biosynthesis. Glutamate racemase Protein, Helicobacter pylori, Recombinant (His & Myc) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-10xHis and C-Myc tag. The predicted molecular weight is 35.9 kDa and the accession number is B5Z6S2.

Splits internally a 1,3-beta-glucan molecule and transfers the newly generated reducing end (the donor) to the non-reducing end of another 1,3-beta-glucan molecule (the acceptor) forming a 1,3-beta linkage, resulting in the elongation of 1,3-beta-glucan chains in the cell wall. Involved in cell wall morphogenesis.

Copper-containing oxidase that catalyzes both the o-hydroxylation of monophenols and the subsequent oxidation of the resulting o-diphenols into reactive o-quinones, which evolve spontaneously to produce intermediates, which associate in dark brown pigments. Involved in the initial step of melanin synthesis. Melanins constitute a mechanism of defense and resistance to stress such as UV radiations, free radicals, gamma rays, dehydratation and extreme temperatures, and contribute to the fungal cell-wall resistance against hydrolytic enzymes in avoiding cellular lysis. Fungal pigments are also involved in the formation and stability of spores.

Toxic component of a type II toxin-antitoxin (TA) system. Phosphorylates UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (UNAG) on the 3'-hydroxyl group of the N-acetyl-D-glucosamine moiety, yielding UNAG-3P. UNAG-3P inhibits MurA, the first committed step in cell wall synthesis, which is then blocked. Phosphorylation is inhibited by cognate epsilon antitoxin. Part of a postsegregational killing (PSK) system involved in the killing of plasmid-free cells. The zeta toxin induces programmed cell death. Toxin zeta Protein, S. agalactiae, Recombinant (His) is expressed in yeast with N-6xHis tag. The predicted molecular weight is 34.7 kDa and the accession number is P0A4M2.

Protein A is surface protein originally found in the cell wall of the bacteria Staphylococcusaureus. It is encoded by the spa gene and its regulation is controlled by DNA topology, cellular osmolarity, and a two component system called ArlS-ArlR. Protein A binds the Fc region of various mammalian IgG subclasses including: Human IgG1, IgG2, IgG3 (weakly), IgG4 Mouse IgG1 (weakly), IgG2a, IgG2b, IgG3 SPA also binds IgG from monkey, rabbit, pig, guinea pig, dog, rat and cat. It also weakly binds to streptavidin.

Protein O-mannosyltransferase involved in O-glycosylation which is essential for cell wall rigidity. Forms a heterodimeric complex with PMT5 and more rarely with PMT1 to transfer mannose from Dol-P-mannose to Ser or Thr residues on proteins. Seems to have redundant activity to PMT2. PMT3 Protein, S. cerevisiae, Recombinant (His) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-6xHis tag. The predicted molecular weight is 39.6 kDa and the accession number is P47190.

Cell wall formation. Ddl Protein, S. aureus, Recombinant (His & Myc) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-10xHis and C-Myc tag. The predicted molecular weight is 47.7 kDa and the accession number is P63891.

Cell wall formation. Synthesis of cross-linked peptidoglycan from the lipid intermediates. The enzyme has a penicillin-insensitive transglycosylase N-terminal domain (formation of linear glycan strands) and a penicillin-sensitive transpeptidase C-terminal domain (cross-linking of the peptide subunits).

Releases hydrogen peroxide in the apoplast which may be important for cross-linking reactions in the cell wall biochemistry. May play an important role in several aspects of plant growth and defense mechanisms. Oxalate oxidase 1 Protein, Hordeum vulgare, Recombinant (His & Myc) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-10xHis and C-Myc tag. The predicted molecular weight is 28.2 kDa and the accession number is P45850.

Functions as a porin. Induces apoptosis in human cell lines through caspase-dependent and AIF-dependent pathways. Purified Omp38 enters host cell and localizes to the mitochondria, which presumably leads to a release of proapoptotic molecules such as cytochrome c and AIF (apoptosis-inducing factor). Binds peptidoglycan, contributes to cell wall maintenance (Probable). Outer membrane protein Omp38, Acinetobacter baumannii, Recombinant (His & Myc) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-10xHis and C-Myc tag. The predicted molecular weight is 44.0 kDa and the accession number is Q6RYW5.

Part of the Tol-Pal system, which plays a role in outer membrane invagination during cell division and is important for maintaining outer membrane integrity. The Tol-Pal system is also required for polar localization of chemoreceptors clusters. The system also appears to be required for the activity of several outer membrane-localized enzymes with cell wall remodeling activity.

Cell wall formation. Catalyzes the transfer of a GlcNAc subunit on undecaprenyl-pyrophosphoryl-MurNAc-pentapeptide (lipid intermediate I) to form undecaprenyl-pyrophosphoryl-MurNAc-(pentapeptide)GlcNAc (lipid intermediate II). MURG Protein, Bacillus subtilis, Recombinant (His) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-6xHis tag. The predicted molecular weight is 43.9 kDa and the accession number is P37585.

Activator of the cell wall hydrolase AmiC. Required for septal murein cleavage and daughter cell separation during cell division.

Lutheran/basal cell adhesion molecule (Lu/BCAM) is a transmembrane adhesion molecule expressed by erythrocytes and endothelial cells that can interact with the extracellular matrix protein laminin-α5. In sickle cell disease, Lu/BCAM is thought to contribute to adhesion of sickle erythrocytes to the vascular wall, especially during vaso-occlusive crises.

CXC chemokine ligand 16 (CXCL16) is a CXC soluble chemokine, an adhesion molecule and a cell surface scavenger receptor. CXCL16 regulates inflammation, tissue injury and fibrosis. Parenchymal renal cells, vascular wall cells, leukocytes and platelets express and/or release CXCL16 under the regulation of inflammatory mediators. CXCL16 expression is increased in experimental and human nephropathies. Targeting CXCL16 protected from experimental glomerular injury or interstitial fibrosis. CXCL16 Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (hFc) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with C-hFc tag. The predicted molecular weight is 45.9 kDa and the accession number is Q8BSU2.

Protein G is a bacterial cell wall protein expressed at the cell surface of certain group C and group G Streptococcal strains. It has affinity for both Fab- and Fc-fragments of human IgG by independent and separate binding sites. Binding to the Fc region of immunoglobulins from several species by a non-immune mechanism exhibits great affinity for almost all mammalian immunoglobulin G (IgG) classes, including all human IgG subclasses (IgG1, IgG2, IgG3 and IgG4) and also rabbit, mouse, and goat IgG. Protein G bound all tested monoclonal IgG from mouse IgG1, IgG2a, and IgG3, and rat IgG2a, IgG2b, and IgG2c. In addition, polyclonal IgG from man, cow, rabbit, goat, rat, and mouse bound to protein G, whereas chicken IgG did not. Protein G has also been shown to bind human serum albumin but at a site that is structurally separated from the IgG-binding region. Protein G shows a broader range of binding to IgG subclasses than staphylococcal protein A. This applies to polyclonal IgG from cow, rat, goat, human and rabbit sources as well as several of rat and mouse monoclonal antibodies. In contrast, protein A shows stronger interaction with polyclonal IgG from human, guinea-pig, pig, dog and mouse. Both proteins interacted with same relative strength to polyclonal rabbit IgG. Protein G consists of nearly 600 amino acid residues. The carboxy-terminal half contains three immunoglobulin G (IgG)-binding domains which are referred to as domains I, II, and III or units C1, C2 and C3, each containing 55 amino acid residues with two 'spacers', of 16 amino acids, Dl and D2. Following the IgG-binding regions there is a region W, which most likely is involved in cell wall interactions. Domains in the NH2-terminal half of the protein have been found to bind human serum albumin (HSA).

LYG1 (Lysozyme G1) is a Protein Coding gene. It belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 23 family. Glycoside hydrolases are a widespread group of enzymes that hydrolyze the glycosidic bond between two or more carbohydrates, or between a carbohydrate and a non-carbohydrate moiety. LYG1 exhibits hydrolase activity, acting on glycosyl bonds (inferred); lysozyme activity (inferred). It is found in the extracellular region and may function in the cell wall macromolecule catabolic process, metabolic process, and peptidoglycan catabolic process. The lysozyme G gene structure has been largely conserved during vertebrate evolution, except at the 5' end of the gene, which varies in some exons.

LY96 (Lymphocyte Antigen 96, also known as ESOP-1) is a Protein Coding gene. 2 alternatively spliced human isoforms have been reported. This gene encodes a protein that associates with toll-like receptor 4 on the cell surface and confers responsiveness to lipopolysaccharide (LPS), thus providing a link between the receptor and LPS signaling. LY-96 also cooperates with TLR2 in the response to cell wall components from Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. It enhances the TLR4-dependent activation of NF-kappa-B. ESOP-1 has 16 amino acids, the sequence of which shows 64% identity with human ESOP-1/MD-2. ESOP-1 mRNA is highly expressed in the mouse embryos at 7.5 days after coitus. Diseases associated with LY96 include Melioidosis and Intestinal Botulism.

Responsible for the post-translational oxidative deamination of peptidyl lysine residues in precursors to fibrous collagen and elastin. Regulator of Ras expression. May play a role in tumor suppression. Plays a role in the aortic wall architecture.

Cell wall-anchored surface receptor that extracts heme from oxidized metHb to enable growth on hemoglobin as a sole iron source. Rapidly extracts heme from hemoglobin and transfers it to IsdA or IsdC, which then relays it to the membrane transporter/IsdEF for internalization. Promotes also resistance to hydrogen peroxide and killing by neutrophils. lsdB Protein, S. aureus, Recombinant (His & SUMO) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-6xHis-SUMO tag. The predicted molecular weight is 41.6 kDa and the accession number is P0C7J5.

Splits internally a 1,3-beta-glucan molecule and transfers the newly generated reducing end (the donor) to the non-reducing end of another 1,3-beta-glucan molecule (the acceptor) forming a 1,3-beta linkage, resulting in the elongation of 1,3-beta-glucan chains in the cell wall. Involved in cell wall morphogenesis.