endoplasmic reticulum

Endoplasmic reticulum dye 1 is a highly effective live cell imaging agent used to detect exocytotic events at the plasma membrane. The compound exhibits minimal cytotoxicity and is resistant to photobleaching, making it ideal for visualizing short- and long-term processes.

Rhod-5N AM is a cell-permeant acetoxymethyl ester of the fluorescent calcium indicator rhod-5N . As rhod-5N AM enters cells, it is hydrolyzed by intracellular esterases to produce rhod-5N. Rhod-5N displays a low affinity for calcium (Kd = 19 μM). Low affinity calcium indicators are particularly useful for studying compartments with high concentrations of calcium, such as endoplasmic reticulum, where high affinity dyes will be insensitive to luminal fluctuations. Rhod-5N has excitation/emission maxima of approximately 551 and 576 nm, respectively.

ER-Tracker dye, a derivative of BODIPY series dyes coupled with Glibenclamide, exhibits high selectivity for the endoplasmic reticulum and is non-toxic to cells at low concentrations. This environmentally sensitive probe retains part of its fluorescence after formaldehyde treatment and features high fluorescence life and a good extinction coefficient. Glibenclamide, an ATP-dependent K+ channel blocker (Kir6, KATP) and CFTR Cl-channel blocker, binds in the endoplasmic reticulum. However, ER-Tracker is not suitable for staining cells after fixation [1].

Rhod-FF is a difluorinated analog of the cell-impermeant calcium indicator rhod-2. It has a very low affinity for calcium (Kd = 320 μM). Low affinity calcium indicators are particularly useful for studying compartments with high concentrations of calcium, such as endoplasmic reticulum, where high affinity dyes will be insensitive to luminal fluctuations. Rhod-FF has excitation/emission maxima of approximately 552 and 580 nm, respectively.

ER Flipper-TR 28, a small molecule fluorophore flipper probe, enables imaging of membrane tension within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). This compound is characterized by a pentafluorophenyl group and reacts with protein thiolate on the cytoplasm-facing surface of the ER [1].

Rhod-FF AM is a cell-permeant acetoxymethyl ester of the fluorescent calcium indicator rhod-FF . As rhod-FF AM enters cells, it is hydrolyzed by intracellular esterases to produce rhod-FF. Rhod-FF is a difluorinated analog of the cell-impermeant calcium indicator rhod-2. It has a very low affinity for calcium (Kd = 320 μM). Low affinity calcium indicators are particularly useful for studying compartments with high concentrations of calcium, such as endoplasmic reticulum, where high affinity dyes will be insensitive to luminal fluctuations. Rhod-FF has excitation/emission maxima of approximately 552 and 580 nm, respectively.

AIE-ER is a specialized fluorescent probe for the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) that operates in the green channel with excitation at λ ex =405 nm and emission between λ em =450~650 nm. It is notable for its exceptional photostability, high brightness, and low working concentration, potentially facilitating research into ER-related diseases [1].

BODIPY Fl C5-Ceramide is a Golgi-specific green fluorescent dye used to visualize individual cells, with excitation emission wavelengths at 505 nm 512 nm. The Golgi fluorescent probe, a BODIPY-labeled ceramide derivative, is synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum and transported to the Golgi via ceramide transport protein (CERT) or vesicular translocation, enabling specific labeling of the dye [1][2].

Fluo-3FF is a fluorescent calcium indicator. It is a di-fluorinated analog of Fluo-3 that displays about a 100-fold lower affinity than Fluo-3 for calcium (Kds = 42 and 0.4 μM, respectively). Low affinity calcium indicators are particularly useful for studying compartments with high concentrations of calcium, such as endoplasmic reticulum, where high affinity dyes will be insensitive to luminal fluctuations. Fluo-3FF has excitation/emission maxima of approximately 506 and 526 nm, respectively.

Rhod-5N is a low affinity fluorescent calcium probe (Kd = 320 μM). Low affinity calcium indicators are particularly useful for studying compartments with high concentrations of calcium, such as endoplasmic reticulum, where high affinity dyes will be insensitive to luminal fluctuations. Rhod-5N has excitation/emission maxima of approximately 551 and 576 nm, respectively

BODIPY FL Thapsigargin, a potent green fluorescent dye, effectively inhibits intracellular SERCA-type Ca 2+ pumps localized in the sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum. It is utilized to investigate thapsigargin binding sites in live cells [1] [2]. For storage, it is crucial to protect this compound from light.