Compound E1, also known as G-quadruplex DNA fluorescence probe 1, is a selective fluorescent probe targeting G-quadruplex DNA. It possesses the ability to penetrate membranes and enter living cells, demonstrating low cytotoxicity [1].

IMP-1710 is a selective UCH-L1 inhibitor with an IC50 value of 38 nM in a fluorescence polarization assay.

Chlorobenzothiazolinone inhibits recombinant human chymase using bis(succinoyl-L-alanyl-L-prolyl-L-phenylalanylamide) as substrate after 1 hr by fluorescence assay with activity value of 90 μM.

1,3,5-tris(pyridin-4-ylethynyl)benzene is a heterocyclic compound with a wide range of properties such as fluorescence and electrochemical activity with relatively low toxicity. It has been used as a building block for the synthesis of various materials such as polymers, nanomaterials and organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs). It is also a promising material for the development of novel drug delivery systems.

GLF16 HCl is a fluorophore-coupled Sudan Black B analog that allows rapid detection, isolation and real-time tracking of senescent cells by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry.

Rufigallol (AI3-00865) is an electron-deficient disk-shaped molecule with six hydroxyl groups and is a good unit for inducing the formation of DLC from non-planar AIE molecules, an anthraquinone derivative.Rufigallol induces the acquisition of DLC properties, while the introduction of TPE groups gives the molecular structure good fluorescence in the aggregated state.The remarkable synergistic in vitro antimalarial effect, in vivo with vitamin C and ketones was synergistic and showed antimalarial activity.

IR820-PTX is a nanoparticle composed of IR-820 and paclitaxel that is highly permeable and tumor-targeting.IR820-PTX can be used for near-infrared fluorescence imaging and tumor diagnostics.9-cis-Retinoic Acetylcholine (RAC) is a nanoparticle that is highly permeable and tumor-targeting.

5-TAMRA can produce bright, pH insensitive orange fluorescence (Ex/ Em= 546 / 579nm), and has good photostability

Mutant IDH1-IN-2 is a mutant Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) proteins inhibitor

Acetylcholine Chloride is the chloride salt form of acetylcholine, a synthetic, quaternary amino alcohol with cholinergic properties. Acetylcholine chloride (Pilofrin) mimics the parasympathomimetic effect of the endogenous compound acetylcholine. Administered as an ophthalmic solution, this drug stimulates the cholinoceptors in the sphincter muscle of the iris, causing the pupil to constrict.

YO-Pro 1, a cyanine dye consisting of benzoxazole and quinoline rings connected by a linker, is almost nonfluorescent in water, but its fluorescence is greatly enhanced after intercalation in double-stranded DNA, forming the basis of DNA concentration assays. Ex/Em (bound DNA) = 491/509 nm. YO-Pro 1 can be used to identify apoptotic cells.

Fluoroscein NAD+ is a substrate for ADP-ribosylation, providing a convenient non-isotopic alternative to radiolabelled NAD for use in PARP assays. Allows direct measurement of NAD-dependent enzymes, such as PARP, by fluorescence microscopy. This product is a replacement for R&D Systems product 4673-500-01 81 μg is supplied as 250 μl of a 0.25 mM solution in water.

NKG2D-IN-2 (compound 47) is an inhibitor of the natural killer group 2D receptor (NKG2D), demonstrating half-maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50s) of 0.1 µM for NKG2D/MICA and 0.2 µM for ULBP6 in time-resolved fluorescence resonance energy transfer (TR-FRET) assays [1].

D-Ala-Lys-AMCA hydrochloride is a known substrate of proton-coupled oligopeptide transporter 1 (PEPT1) that emits blue fluorescence. D-Ala-Lys-AMCA hydrochloride may be transported into Caco-2 cells and liver cancer cells.

4-Methylumbelliferyl β-D-N,N'-diacetylchitobioside (4-μU-(GlcNAc)2) is a fluorogenic substrate for chitinases and chitobiosidases. 4-μU-(GlcNAc)2 is cleaved by chitinases and chitobiosidases to release the fluorescent moiety 4-μU. 4-μU fluorescence is pH-dependent with excitation maxima of 320 and 360 nm at low (1.97-6.72) and high pH (7.12-10.3), respectively, and an emission maximum ranging from 445 to 455 nm, increasing as pH decreases.

LH1306 is an inhibitor of the interaction between programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) and its ligand PD-L1 that has an IC50 value of 25 nM in a homologous time-resolved fluorescence (HTRF) assay.1 It increases the activation of Jurkat cells expressing PD-1 in co-culture with U2OS or CHO cells expressing PD-L1 (EC50s = 334 and 4,214 nM, respectively, in reporter assays). |1. Basu, S., Yang, J., Xu, B., et al. Design, synthesis, evaluation, and structural studies of C2-symmetric small molecule inhibitors of programmed cell death-1/programmed death-ligand 1 protein-protein interaction. J. Med. Chem. 62(15), 7250-7263 (2019).

Enhanced Green Fluorescent Protein (EGFP) (200-208) is a reporter protein obtained from Aequorea Victoria jellyfish. EGFP is widely used as a marker gene product due to its strong fluorescence properties, making it easily detectable.

Br-Mmc (4-Bromomethyl-7-methoxycoumarin) is used as a new fluorescence label for fatty acids. It is used for the determination of fatty acids by HPLC or TLC.

4-Methylumbelliferyl-α-L-iduronide (free acid) is a fluorogenic substrate for α-L-iduronidase, an enzyme found in cell lysosomes that is involved in the degradation of glycosaminoglycans such as dermatan sulfate and heparin sulfate. 4-Methylumbelliferyl-α-L-iduronide is cleaved by α-L-iduronidase to release the fluorescent moiety 4-methylumbelliferyl (4-MU). 4-MU fluorescence is pH-dependent with excitation maxima of 320 and 360 nm at low (1.97-6.72) and high (7.12-10.3) pH, respectively, and an emission maximum ranging from 445 to 455 nM, increasing as pH decreases. This substrate is used in assays that measure the activity of α-L-iduronidase, which is commonly deficient in a type of lysosomal storage disease called mucopolysaccharidosis.

Mca-(endo-1a-Dap(Dnp))-TNF-Alpha (-5 to +6) amide (human) is a peptide utilized as a fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) based substrate for proteolytic activity assays, wherein the cleavage-induced change in fluorescence intensity serves as the measure of enzymatic activity [1].

Boc-LRR-AMC is a fluorogenic substrate for the trypsin-like activity of the 26S proteasome or 20S proteolytic core. Upon enzymatic cleavage by the 26S proteasome or 20S proteolytic core, amino-4-methylcoumarin (AMC) is released and its fluorescence can be used to quantify 26S proteasome or 20S proteolytic core trypsin-like activity. AMC displays excitation/emission maxima of 340-360/440-460 nm, respectively.

Suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) is a class I and class II histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor that binds directly to the catalytic site of the enzyme thereby blocking substrate access. [1] coumarin-Suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (c-SAHA) is a SAHA derivative where the anilino cap group is replaced by 7-amino-4-methylcoumarin to produce a fluorescent probe that competitively binds HDAC. [2] The fluorescence excitation and emission maxima of free c-SAHA is 325 and 400 nm

LH1307 is an inhibitor of the interaction between programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) and its ligand PD-L1 that has an IC50 value of 3 nM in a homologous time-resolved fluorescence (HTRF) assay.1 It increases the activation of Jurkat cells expressing PD-1 in co-culture with U2OS or CHO cells expressing PD-L1 (EC50s = 79 and 763 nM, respectively, in reporter assays). |1. Basu, S., Yang, J., Xu, B., et al. Design, synthesis, evaluation, and structural studies of C2-symmetric small molecule inhibitors of programmed cell death-1/programmed death-ligand 1 protein-protein interaction. J. Med. Chem. 62(15), 7250-7263 (2019).

Physalin L is a natural product,it shows a distinct fluorescence spot under UV 365 nm with good separation.

There is a synergistic interaction between loureirin A and Cochinchinenin C, and the fluorescence quenching of HSA by loureirin A (or Cochinchinenin C) is a combined quenching procedure (dynamic and static quenching).

Fluorescein-6-carbonyl-Asp(OMe)-Glu(OMe)-Val-DL-Asp(OMe)-fluoromethylketone is a cell-permeable, non-toxic inhibitor that irreversibly binds to activated caspase-3 in apoptotic cells, with its fluorescence intensity measurable via flow cytometry, microwell plate reader, or fluorescence microscopy [1].

KMG-301AM, the acetoxy methyl esterified form of KMG-301, facilitates the acquisition of time-course and pseudo-colored images depicting the changes in mitochondrial fluorescence when stained with KMG-301.

FITC-GW3965, a fluorescence-labeled liver X receptor β (LXRβ) agonist, is derived from GW3965 by substituting its trifluoromethyl group with an amide linkage to FITC. This tracer facilitates the study of LXRβ function [1].

EthD-III, a nucleic acid probe, is a red fluorescent stain utilized for identifying dead cells. This compound penetrates cells with compromised membranes to bind to nucleic acids, thereby emitting bright red fluorescence specifically in dead cells (Ex/Em=530/645 nm) [1] [2].

DTUN is a lipophilic hyponitrite radical initiator.1It initiates co-autoxidation of STY-BODIPY-embedded egg phosphatidylcholine liposomes when used at a concentration of 0.2 mM. DTUN has been used in fluorescence-enabled inhibited autoxidation (FENIX) assays for the development of ferroptosis inhibitors and the study of antioxidants in lipid membranes.1,2 1.Shah, R., Farmer, L.A., Zilka, O., et al.Beyond DPPH: Use of fluorescence-enabled inhibited autoxidation to predict oxidative cell death rescueCell Chem. Biol.26(11)1594-1607(2019) 2.Soula, M., Weber, R.A., Zilka, O., et al.Metabolic determinants of cancer cell sensitivity to canonical ferroptosis inducersNat. Chem. Biol.16(12)1351-1360(2020)

WAAG-3R is a bioactive peptide utilized in an ADAMTS-4 (Aggrecanase-1) assay, where aggrecanases, a subset of the ADAMTS (A disintegrin and metalloprotease with thrombospondin motifs) family, target aggrecan, a key structural component of cartilage. Notably, ADAMTS-4 is a principal aggrecanase in human osteoarthritic cartilage. The peptide's fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) properties are evidenced by an excitation/emission (Ex/Em) spectrum of 340/420 nm.

Z-Gly-Gly-Arg-AFC, also known as a plasminogen activator acrosine substrate with fluorescence, is a biologically active peptide.

Gly-Arg-AMC is a fluorogenic substrate for cathepsin C.1 Upon enzymatic cleavage by cathepsin C, 7-amino-4-methylcoumarin (AMC) is released and its fluorescence can be used to quantify cathepsin C activity. AMC displays excitation/emission maxima of 340-360/440-460 nm, respectively. |1. Rubach, J.K., Cui, G., Schneck, J.L., et al. The amino-acid substituents of dipeptide substrates of cathepsin C can determine the rate-limiting steps of catalysis. Biochemistry 51(38), 7551-7568 (2012).

Mu-6S-Palm-β-Glc is a fluorogenic substrate of palmitoyl-protein thioesterase (PPT, also known as CLN1), a lysosomal hydrolase that removes long-chain fatty acyl groups from modified cysteine residues in proteins. Mu-6S-Palm-β-Glc is cleaved by PPT/CLN1 to release the fluorescent moiety 4-methylumbelliferyl (4-MU). 4-MU fluorescence is pH-dependent with excitation maxima of 320 and 360 nm at low (1.97-6.72) and high (7.12-10.3) pH, respectively, and an emission maximum ranging from 445 to 455 nM, increasing as pH decreases. This substrate is used in assays that measure PPT activity, which is commonly deficient in the neurodegenerative disorder known as infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis.

GSK 3008348 hydrochloride is an integrin αvβ6 antagonist. The affinity (pIC50) for the human - a 6 protein in the Fluorescence Polarisation Assay for GSK 3008348 is 8.1, whereas its affinity in the cell Adhesion Assays was for ανβ6 (pIC50: 8.4); ανβ3 (pIC

Acetyl-L-homoserine lactone belongs to the family of N-acylated homoserine lactones (HSLs) and has an acyl chain length of two carbons. HSLs perform a role in quorum sensing; however, unlike other HSLs, acetyl-L-homoserine lactone does not elicit a response in bacteria. In an assay of carbapenem antibiotic biosynthesis, acetyl-L-homoserine lactone does not induce a response in E. carotovora. In a fluorescence assay using E. coli containing a reporter plasmid of GFP expression in response to exogenous HSLs, acetyl-L-homoserine does not elicit GFP production.

N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-Naphthalimide is a fluorescent probe for nucleic acid detection whose fluorescence can be burst.

Sirtuins (SIRTs) represent a distinct class of trichostatin A-insensitive lysyl-deacetylases (class III HDACs). Human SIRT1 is the homolog of yeast silent information regulator 2 (Sir2) and has been shown to regulate the activity of the p53 tumor suppressor and inhibit apoptosis. Small molecule activators of SIRT1, such as resveratrol, extend lifespan in yeast and C. elegans in a manner that resembles caloric restriction. CAY10591 has been identified as an activator of the enzyme SIRT1. This compound increases fluorescence by 233% in a SIRT1 activity assay. [Activator activity was defined as the percentage of signal increase relative to signal window in the following formula: 100 x (Sample - Signallow)/(Signalhigh - Signallow)]. CAY10591 suppresses TNF-α in a dose-dependent manner. In THP-1 cells, TNF-α levels decreased from 325 pg/ml (control) to 104 and 53 pg/ml with 20 and 60 µM CAY10591, respectively. This activator also has a significant dose-dependent effect on fat mobilization in differentiated adipocytes, which would indicate the potential of SIRT1 activators for anti-obesity or anti-diabetic purposes.

N-CBZ-Phe-Arg-AMC (Z-FR-AMC) is a substrate for serine proteases, including cathepsins, kallikrein and plasmin. Absorption/emission of substrate = 330/390 nm (weak fluorescence); absorption/emission of end product (AMC) = 342/441 nm (strong fluorescence).

para-amino-Blebbistatin is a more water-soluble form of (S)-4'-nitro-blebbistatin , which is a more stable and less phototoxic form of (-)-blebbistatin .1,2,3 (-)-Blebbistatin is a selective cell-permeable inhibitor of non-muscle myosin II ATPases that rapidly and reversibly inhibits Mg-ATPase activity and in vitro motility of non-muscle myosin IIA and IIB for several species (IC50s = 0.5-5 μM), while poorly inhibiting smooth muscle myosin (IC50 = 80 μM).2,3,4 Through these effects, it blocks apoptosis-related bleb formation, directed cell migration, and cytokinesis in vertebrate cells. However, prolonged exposure to blue light (450-490 nm) results in degradation of blebbistatin to an inactive product via cytotoxic intermediates, which may be problematic for its use in fluorescent live cell imaging applications.5,6 The addition of a 4'-amino group increases its water solubility, decreases the inherent fluorescence, stabilizes the molecule to circumvent its degradation by prolonged blue light exposure, and decreases its phototoxicity while retaining the in vitro and in vivo activity of blebbistatin.7 para-amino-Blebbistatin has the same stereochemistry as the active (-)-blebbistatin enantiomer. |1. Várkuti, B.H., Képiró, M., Horváth, I.á., et al. A highly soluble, non-phototoxic, non-fluorescent blebbistatin derivative. Sci. Rep. 6:26141, (2016).|2. Straight, A.F., Cheung, A., Limouze, J., et al. Dissecting temporal and spatial control of cytokinesis with a myosin II inhibitor. Science 299(5613), 1743-1747 (2003).|3. Kovács, M., Tóth, J., Hetényi, C., et al. Mechanism of blebbistatin inhibition of myosin II. J. Biol. Chem. 279(34), 35557-35563 (2004).|4. Limouze, J., Straight, A.F., Mitchison, T., et al. Specificity of blebbistatin, an inhibitor of myosin II. J. Muscle Res. Cell Motil. 25(4-5), 337-341 (2004).|5. Kolega, J. Phototoxicity and photoinactivation of blebbistatin in UV and visible light. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 320(3), 1020-1025 (2004).|6. Sakamoto, T., Limouze, J., Combs, C.A., et al. Blebbistatin, a myosin II inhibitor, is photoinactivated by blue light. Biochemistry 44(2), 584-588 (2005).|7. Verhasselt, S., Roman, B.I., Bracke, M.E., et al. Improved synthesis and comparative analysis of the tool properties of new and existing D-ring modified (S)-blebbistatin analogs. Eur. J. Med. Chem. 136, 85-103 (2017).

Tetracycline hydrochloride (NCI-c55561) is the hydrochloride salt of the tetracycline, a broad-spectrum naphthacene antibiotic produced semisynthetically from chlortetracycline, an antibiotic isolated from the bacterium Streptomyces aureofaciens. In bacteria, tetracycline blocks binding of aminoacyl-tRNA to the mRNA-ribosome complex, thereby inhibiting protein synthesis and bacterial cell growth. Because naturally, fluorescing tetracycline binds to a newly formed bone at the bone/osteoid interface, tetracycline-labeling of bone and fluorescence microscopy may be used to perform bone histomorphometry.

LM22A-4 is a brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) mimetic and agonist of the receptor tropomyosin-related kinase B (TrkB; IC50 : 47 nM in a fluorescence anisotropy assay)

MK 1903 is a potent and selective complete agonist for the hydroxy-carboxylic acid receptor 2 (HCA2). HCA2 is also known as G protein-coupled receptor 109A(GPR109A). MK 1903 reduced Foschlin-induced cAMP production in uniform time-resolved fluorescence (htf) measurements using CHO cells expressing the human receptor (ECso-12.9 nM).

Hippuryl-His-Leu-OH serves as a substrate to measure angiotensin I converting enzyme activity. Upon its cleavage, the resultant His-Leu moiety reacts with o-phthaldialdehyde or Fluorescamine, facilitating fluorescence detection [1] [2] [3].

hAChE-IN-1 (Compound 24) is a potent inhibitor of human acetylcholinesterase (hAChE), exhibiting an inhibition concentration half-maximum (IC50) of 1.09 μM. Additionally, it inhibits tau-oligomerization with an effective concentration half-maximum (EC50) of 2.71 μM as determined by a cellular tau fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) assay [1].

TNO211 is a bioactive peptide that functions as a highly soluble fluorogenic substrate for select Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMPs)—specifically MMP-2, 8, 12, 13, and 14. Incorporating a cleavable Gly-Leu bond and an EDANS/DABCYL fluorophore/quencher pair, TNO211 enables sensitive detection of MMP activity through fluorescence assays, with an absorption/emission profile at 340/490 nm. It is particularly effective in analyzing MMPs in culture media from endothelial cells as well as untreated synovial fluid from patients, highlighting its utility in investigations of MMP-associated cellular behaviors, including proliferation, migration (adhesion/dispersion), differentiation, angiogenesis, apoptosis, and host defense.

CELT-327 is a potent, selective fluorescent hA2B/A3 adenosine receptor antagonist, exhibiting K_i values of 35.6 nM at A2B and 45.7 nM at A3 receptors. It efficiently labels HCT116 cells expressing A2B adenosine receptors in a dose-dependent manner, demonstrating rapid, uniform spread and integration of fluorescence within cell monolayers. In live HCT116 spheroids, it achieves consistent staining throughout, penetrating even the deepest layers. As a fluorescent adenosine receptor probe, CELT-327 is ideal for applications in fluorescence binding assays, live cell imaging, flow cytometry, and fluorescence polarization assays, serving as an effective alternative to GPCR radiolabeling ligands. Its excitation and emission peaks are at 589 nm and 616 nm, respectively, making it suitable for TR-FRET assays as an acceptor dye, particularly in combination with the CoraFlor1 TR-FRET donor.

CDy9 is a highly selective fluorescent probe for the detection and isolation of mESC using fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. CDy9 allows the detection and isolation of intact stem cells with marginal impact on their function and capabilities. CD

resorufin galactopyranoside is a fluorescent substrate for β-galactosidase.After cleavage by β-galactosidase, the fluorescent portion of resorufin is released and its fluorescence can be used to quantify β-galactosidase activity. It has an excitation light of 570 and an emission light of 580 nm.

Endothelin 1 (swine, human), Alexa Fluor 488-labeled, is a synthetic peptide corresponding to the sequence of human and swine Endothelin 1, a powerful endogenous vasoconstrictor, and is tagged with Alexa Fluor 488 for fluorescence. This compound operates via two receptor types, ET A and ET B [1].