residues

TIP39, a neuropeptide and an agonist for the parathyroid hormone receptor type 2 (PTH2R), effectively increases cAMP levels in COS-7 cells featuring recombinant PTH2R from humans or rats (EC50s = 0.5 and 0.8 nM, respectively), as well as in F-11 cells that naturally express PTH2R (EC50 = 1.15 nM). Furthermore, TIP39 at 1 nM halts the cell cycle at the G0/G1 phase and reduces Sox9 expression, a crucial regulator of cartilage differentiation, in CFK2 rat chondrocytes. Additionally, administering 100 pmol/animal of TIP39 reduces the immobility period in the forced swim test in mice, indicating a potential antidepressant effect.

SEB Domain 144-153 acetate(210229-94-0 free base) is amino acid residues 163-172 of the staphylococcal enterotoxin B domain. SEB Domain 144-153 acetate(210229-94-0 free base) has been shown to inhibit the transcytosis of several staphylococcal enterotoxins, SEA, SEE, and TSST-1.

Proinsulin C-peptide human acetate (Proinsulin C-peptide human acetate (33017-11-7 Free base)) is a polypeptide of 31 amino acid residues that links the A and B chains of proinsulin to ensure proper folding, has biological activity and regulates cellular functions.

Melittin TFA is a small protein containing 26 amino acid residues, is the principal toxic component of bee venom. Melittin is a PLA2 activator, stimulates the activity of the low molecular weight PLA2, while it does not the increase activity of the high m

Thioredoxin reductase peptide acetate corresponds to residues 53–67 in thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), used in thioredoxin reductase research.Mammalian thioredoxin reductase (TR) catalyzes the reduction of the redox-active disulfide bond of thioredoxin (Trx

CEF8, Influenza Virus NP (383-391) is an influenza A virus nucleoprotein containing residues 383 to 391, is the most important HLA-B*2705-restricted epitope in the nucleoprotein of influenza A viruses and is associated with escape from cytotoxic T lymphocytes-mediated immunity.HLA-B*3501 restricted influenza virus nucleoprotein epitope (383-391).

HAEGTFTSDVS acetate is the first N-terminal 1-11 residues of GLP-1 which stimulates insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells.

Iα52 acetate is a naturally processed peptide encompassed the residues 52-68 of the murine I-Eα chain and may contribute to selection of immature T cells.

FMRF acetate is a peptide consisting of 4 amino acid residues.

Rac1 Inhibitor W56 acetate(1095179-01-3 free base) is a peptide comprising residues 45-60 of the guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) recognition/activation site of Rac1. Rac1 Inhibitor W56 acetate(1095179-01-3 free base) selectively inhibits Rac1 interaction with Rac1-specific GEFs TrioN, GEF-H1 and Tiam1.

JIP-1 (153-163) acetate(438567-88-5 free base) is a peptide inhibitor of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), based on residues 153-163 of JNK-interacting protein-1 (JIP-1). JIP-1 (153-163) acetate(438567-88-5 free base) binds to JNK with affinity in the micromolar range and minimally inhibits p38 and ERK.

Protein Kinase C 19-31 acetate, a peptide inhibitor of protein kinase C (PKC), derived from the pseudo-substrate regulatory domain of PKCa (residues 19-31) with a serine at position 25 replacing the wild-type alanine, is used as protein kinase C substrate

Prepro VIP (111-122), human acetate is a prepro-vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP)–derived peptide, corresponding to residues 111-122.

HAEGTFT acetate is the first N-terminal 1-7 residues of GLP-1 peptide.

Phe-Met-Arg-Phe Like Peptide acetate (Pqdpflrfamide acetate) is a FMRF-like peptide from visceral and somatic muscles of the snail Helix aspersa. FMRF (Phe-Met-Arg-Phe) is a neuropeptide peptide consisting of 4 amino acid residues.

BACE-IN-1 acetate (BACE-IN-1 acetate (350228-37-4，Free base)) has been used as β-site amyloid precursor protein (APP) cleaving enzyme-1 (BACE1) inhibitor in BACE1 inhibitor assay. β-Site amyloid precursor protein (APP) cleaving enzyme-1 (BACE1), an aspartic protease belongs to the protease family of enzymes comprises of six luminal cysteine residues. These residues help in the formation of three intermolecular disulfide bonds and N-linked glycosylation sites.

HAEGT TFA is the first N-terminal 1-5 residues of GLP-1 peptide.

Indolicidin is comprised of 13 amino acids, 5 of which are tryptophan residues, and the carboxylterminal arginine is carboxamidated. Indolicidin has the highest tryptophan content of any known protein.

Amyloid β-Protein 10-20 acetate (Amyloid β-Protein 10-20 acetate (152286-31-2 free base)) is a fragment of Amyloid-β peptide, maybe used in the research of neurological disease.Amyloid β protein fragment containing the α-secretase processing site (Lys16-Leu17 bond). It also contains the HHQK domain (residues 13-16) responsible for binding to microglial cells.

ACTH (22-39) acetate is a fragment of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) containing two proline residues at positions 3 and 15 from the N-terminus.

Gap 26 is a mimetic peptide corresponding to the residues 63-75 of connexin 43, which is a gap junction blocker.

PA22-2, an active biological peptide featuring the IKVAV sequence from the laminin A-chain fragment, is derived from mouse laminin alpha1 amino acid residues 2110-2127. Substrates composed of PA22-2 have been shown to facilitate neurite outgrowth.

Prepro VIP (111-122), human is a prepro-vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP)–derived peptide, corresponding to residues 111-122.

HAEGTFT is the first N-terminal 1-7 residues of GLP-1 peptide.

PLTX-II, a 44-residue peptide featuring ten Cys residues and an O-palmitoylated threonine amide at its carboxy-terminus [1], functions as a calcium channel blocker.

JIP-1(153-163) is a peptide inhibitor of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), based on residues 153-163 of JNK-interacting protein-1 (JIP-1). JIP-1(153-163) binds to JNK with affinity in the micromolar range and minimally inhibits p38 and ERK.

Endokinin D, a human tachykinin, comprises 14 amino acid residues [1].

Peptide fragment corresponding to residues 1 - 40 of Nogo-66, the domain of the myelin protein Nogo that inhibits axonal outgrowth. Acts as a competitive antagonist at the Nogo-66 receptor (NgR); blocks Nogo-66- and CNS myelin-induced inhibition of axonal

Gp100 (25-33) corresponds to residues 25 to 33 of the mouse self/tumor antigen glycoprotein (mgp100), which is an enzyme responsible for pigment synthesis. This epitope fragment is found in both normal melanocytes and melanoma cells.

bFGF (119-126) is a biologically active peptide corresponding to the residues of human, bovine (119-126), mouse, rat (118-125), and Heparin-Binding Growth Factor 2 (118-125) within bFGF. It functions to inhibit the dimerization and activation of bFGF receptors.

PAR2 (1-6) amide is a synthetic peptide agonist of proteinase-activated receptor 2 (PAR2) that corresponds to residues 1-6 of the amino terminal tethered ligand sequence of human PAR2 and residues 37-42 of the full-length sequence.1It binds to NCTC 2544 cells expressing human PAR2 (Ki= 9.64 μM in a radioligand binding assay) and induces calcium mobilization in the same cells (EC50= 0.075 μM).2PAR2 (1-6) amide (100 μM) reduces colony formation of A549 lung cancer cells.1It induces superoxide production and degranulation in isolated human eosinophils when used at a concentration of 500 μM.3PAR2 (1-6) amide (5 μmol/kg) induces tear secretion in rats when used in combination with amastatin .4 1.Bohm, S.K., Kong, W., Bromme, D., et al.Molecular cloning, expression and potential functions of the human proteinase-activated receptor-2Biochem. J.314(Pt 3)1009-1016(1996) 2.Kanke, T., Ishiwata, H., Kabeya, M., et al.Binding of a highly potent protease-activated receptor-2 (PAR2) activating peptide, [3H]2-furoyl-LIGRL-NH2, to human PAR2Br. J. Pharmacol.145(2)255-263(2005) 3.Miike, S., McWilliam, A.S., and Kita, H.Trypsin induces activation and inflammatory mediator release from human eosinophils through protease-activated receptor-2J. Immunol.167(11)6615-6622(2001) 4.Nishikawa, H., Kawai, K., Tanaka, M., et al.Protease-activated receptor-2 (PAR-2)-related peptides induce tear secretion in rats: Involvement of PAR-2 and non-PAR-2 mechanismsJ. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther.312(2)324-331(2005)

C-Peptide 2, rat acetate is a proinsulin component of inhibiting glucose-induced insulin secretion, consisting of acetate and a polypeptide composed of 31 amino acid residues [1] [2].

Tetrapeptide-11 is the reaction product of Acetic Acid and tetrapeptide-11, containing leucine, proline, and tyrosine residues. It boosts cell growth, Syndecan-1, and Collagen XVII synthesis. Tetrapeptide-11 has a face and body anti-wrinkle and anti-aging

Pol (476-484), HIV-1 RT Epitope is a biologically active peptide and represents the dominant HLA A*0201-restricted epitope within HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT), spanning Pol residues 476-484. It has been utilized to explore potential mechanisms of HIV-1 escape from cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL), with IV9 being the specific epitope processed and presented in HIV-1-infected cell lines.

TP508 is a 23 amino acid synthetic peptide representing residues 508-530 of human prothrombin which is identified as a potential receptor-binding domain based on competition for high-affinity thrombin binding to fibroblasts.TP508 (Chrysalin) is an investi

[Ala2] Endothelin-3, human is a linear analog of endothelin-3 (ET-3), characterized by the substitution of Ala for Cys residues. ET-3, a vasoactive peptide produced by human rhabdomyosarcoma cell lines but not expressed in non-muscle-origin human sarcoma cell lines, serves as a paracrine factor by promoting endothelial cell migration [1] [2].

This peptide is amino acids 17 to 26 fragment of p53, the Mdm-2 binding domain of p53 known also as p53N. This sequence contains all of the residues that contact the binding domain of Mdm-2.

Somatostatin, also known as growth hormone-inhibiting hormone, is a naturally-occurring peptide hormone of 14 or 28 amino acid residues that regulates the endocrine system. It is secreted by the D cells of the islets to inhibit the release of insulin and

LCMV gp33-41, the carboxyl-extended 11-aa-long peptide, is an lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus sequence restricted by MHC class I H-2Db molecules and presented to cytotoxic T lymphocytes.This is the H-2Db restricted epitope derived from the lymphocytic

CMV pp65(13-27) is a bioactive peptide derived from the 65k lower matrix phosphoprotein of the human cytomegalovirus, specifically comprising amino acid residues 13 to 27. It includes a nine-amino-acid sequence (LGPISGHVL) that corresponds to the consensus binding motif for the major histocompatibility complex H2-Dd T-cell epitope.

PNC-28, a peptide derived from the mdm-2-binding domain of p53 protein (residues 17–26), incorporates a membrane-crossing penetratin sequence. This compound is utilized in pancreatic cancer research [1] [2].

This GIP fragment has potent insulinotropic activity in the isolated, perfused rat pancreas but greatly reduced somatostatinotropic activity in the isolated perfused rat stomach. The site responsible for insulinotropic activity apparently lies between residues 19 and 30 of GIP.

HAEGTFTSD is the first N-terminal 1-9 residues of GLP-1 peptide.The GLP-1 (7-36) amide is a product of the preproglucagon gene, which is secreted from intestinal L-cells, in response to the ingestion of food.

β-CGRP, human ,a 37-amino acid peptide,is the beta form of Calcitonin-gene-related peptide (β-CGRP), involved extensively in regulation of the cardiovascular and nervous systems. β-CGRP contains a disulphide bridge at the N-terminus, a C-terminal phenylal

Rac1 Inhibitor F56, control peptide acetate is a control peptide version of Rac1 Inhibitor; comprises residues 45-60 of Rac1 with Trp56 replaced by Phe. Does not affect GEF-Rac1 interaction.

Pep-1 (uncapped), which has 21 amino acid residues, is a known carrier peptide that delivers full-length native proteins in vitro and in vivo.

Laminin 925-933 is a peptide originating from residues 925-933 of the laminin B1 chain, known for its binding affinity to the laminin receptor.

HAEGTFTSD acetate is the first N-terminal 1-9 residues of GLP-1 peptide.The GLP-1 (7-36) amide is a product of the preproglucagon gene, which is secreted from intestinal L-cells, in response to the ingestion of food.

EAC3I, an autocamtide-3 derived inhibitory peptide with the sequence KKALHRQEAVDAL, is a bioactive peptide that mimics the autoinhibitory region of the CaMKII regulatory domain (residues 278–290). It functions by competitively binding to the enzyme's catalytic site.

TAT (48-57) is a cell-permeable peptide, derived from HIV-1 transactivator of transcription (Tat) protein residue 48-57.This peptide is amino acid residues 48 to 57 fragment of the basic domain of HIV Tat.