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CelGreen nucleic acid gel stain *10,000× concentrate in water* is a fluorescent dye with a unique involvement that binds to all dsDNA double helix sulcus regions.In the free state, the side strand and CelGreen emit weak fluorescence, but the fluorescence is greatly enhanced once they are combined with the double-stranded DNA. Therefore, the fluorescence signal strength of CelGreen is related to the amount of double-stranded DNA, and the amount of double-stranded DNA in the PCR system can be detected according to the fluorescence signal.

1) Non-toxicity: The unique oiliness and high molecular weight characteristics of CelRed prevent it from penetrating cell membranes into cells, and Ames test results also show that the mutagenicity of CelRed dye is much less than EB. 2) High sensitivity:

D-Luciferin Sodium is a heterocyclic light-emitting compound and natural ligand for luciferase used to detect cell activity. The salt form of luciferin dissolves in water or other typical buffers.

WST-8 is a water-soluble tetrazolium dye, the sensitivity of the WST-8(WST8)-based assay is higher than the conventional MTS-based assay.

CY5 triethylamine salt is a water-soluble dye, Excitation (nm):649, Emission (nm): 670.

Sulfo-Cy3-Tetrazine is a water-soluble cyanine fluorescent dye featuring a tetrazine group for click chemistry applications. It undergoes an inverse electron demand [4+2] cycloaddition with trans-cyclooctene or other strained olefins.

Sulfo-Cy5-TCO, a water-soluble click chemistry reagent with a TCO group, exhibits high reactivity towards tetrazines and methyltetrazines, facilitating rapid bioconjugation [1].

Biotin-PEG-Biotin (MW 20000) is a bifunctional PEG derivative featuring biotin labels at each terminal end. As an enzyme co-factor, biotin facilitates protein labeling, while PEG, known for its hydrophilic nature and low toxicity, confers water solubility to the compound.

Biotin-PEG-Alk (MW 1000) is a biotinylated polyethylene glycol (PEG) derivative with alkyne functionality for click chemistry applications. Biotin serves as an enzyme co-factor suitable for protein labeling, while PEG provides hydrophilic, water-soluble, and low-toxicity characteristics. The alkyne group (Alk) facilitates copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) reactions with azido-modified molecules, enhancing the compound's ability to target and bind with biotin receptors.

Sulfo-Cy5.5 Azide is a click chemistry reagent featuring an azide group for the labeling of sensitive molecules such as peptides, proteins, and oligonucleotides. Additionally, it is a water-soluble dye with an excitation wavelength (Ex) of 673 nm and an emission wavelength (Em) of 707 nm.

Sulfo-Cy3 Azide is a water-soluble, fluorogenic dye featuring an azide group for Click Chemistry applications, suitable for labeling sensitive biomolecules like proteins [1] [2].

Purple-β-D-Gal, a chromogenic β-galactosidase substrate, undergoes enzymatic hydrolysis by intracellular β-galactosidase, yielding indoxyl molecules that oxidize and dimerize in situ to form water-insoluble indigo precipitates advantageous for β-galactosidase activity detection [1].

Sulfo-Cy3(Me)COOH sodium and Trisulfo-Cy3-acid disodium are sulfonated derivatives of the Cyanine3 (Cy3) dye; the introduction of sulfonate ions enhances their water solubility.

Biotin-PEG-azide (MW 3400) is a biotinylated polyethylene glycol (PEG) derivative featuring an azide group. Biotin serves as an enzyme co-factor suitable for protein labeling, while PEG is a hydrophilic, water-soluble, low-toxicity polymer. The azide group, a moderately good leaving group, undergoes Cu-catalyzed reactions with alkynes, enhancing the efficiency of target binding by biotin.

BMI-Glu, a selective γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) fluorescent probe, exhibits a Michaelis constant (Km) of 69.63 µM and is characterized by its high sensitivity, good water solubility, and biocompatibility [1].

Hoechst stains are part of a family of blue fluorescent dyes used to stain DNA. HOE 33187 is a cell dye for DNA. Hoechst dyes are soluble in water and in organic solvents such as dimethyl formamide or dimethyl sulfoxide. Concentrations can be achieved of

XTT is a cell-impermeable, negatively charged tetrazolium dye that produces a water-soluble formazan when reduced at the cell surface by cellular-derived NADH and an electron mediator.1,2It is frequently used in colorimetric assays to measure cell proliferation, cytotoxicity, and apoptosis.3 1.Berridge, M.V., Tan, A.S., and Herst, P.M.Tetrazolium dyes as tools in cell biology: New insights into their cellular reductionBiotechnol. Ann. Rev.11127-152(2005) 2.Berridge, M.V., and Tan, A.S.Trans-plasma membrane electron transport: A cellular assay for NADH-and NADPH-oxidase based on extracellular, superoxide-mediated reduction of the sulfonated tetazolium salt WST-1Protoplasma20574-82(1998) 3.Sutherland, M.W., and Learmonth, B.A.The tetrazolium dyes MTS and XTT provide new quantitative assays for superoxide and superoxide dismutaseFree Radical Research27(3)283-289(1997)

Trisulfo-Cy3-Alkyne is a water-soluble cyanine dye linker with an alkyne group facilitating attachment to azide-modified molecules via Click Chemistry. This compound acts as a fluorophore, readily detectable with various fluorescent devices due to its brightness and stability. Suitable for research applications, Trisulfo-Cy3-Alkyne can be visualized in gels even at nanomolar quantities and undergoes copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition for bioconjugation processes [1].

Sulfo-Cy3-Methyltetrazine (figure 7 compound 5), a click chemistry reagent, consists of methyltetrazine linked to a water-soluble dye. This compound exhibits good stability at physiological pH and can be efficiently coupled to trans-cyclooctene, exhibiting high reactivity towards cyclooctene [1].

CalFluor 488 Azide, a water-soluble fluorogenic azide probe, exhibits fluorescence upon activation through a Cu-catalyzed or metal-free click reaction with alkynes [1] [2].

Biotin-PEG-azide (MW 2000) is a biotinylated polyethylene glycol (PEG) compound featuring an azide group. Biotin serves as an enzyme cofactor suitable for protein labeling. PEG, noted for its hydrophilicity and water solubility, exhibits low toxicity. The azide functionality is a reasonably effective leaving group that participates in copper-catalyzed reactions with alkynes, enhancing the binding efficiency to biotin's targets.

Rhod-2 (potassium salt) is a water-soluble, red fluorescent calcium indicator. It exhibits a significant shift in fluorescence intensity upon calcium binding (ex max = 549 nm; calcium-free v. ex/em max = 552/581 nm; calcium-bound). Unlike the UV-excitable indicators fura-2 and indo-1 , there is no accompanying spectral shift.

ANNINE-6plus is a water soluble voltage sensitive dye (also called potentiometric dyes). This compound was developed at the Max Planck Institute for Biochemistry in Germany. It is used to optically measure the changes in transmembrane voltage of excitable

DAOS (Sodium 3-((3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)(ethyl)amino)-2-hydroxypropane-1-sulfonate),Trinder's reagent, is a new type of highly water-soluble aniline derivative. It is widely used in diagnostic tests and biochemical tests.

Trisulfo-Cy3-acid disodium, a Cy3 (Cyanine3) dye derivative, possesses three sulfonate ions and exhibits enhanced water solubility.

DiSulfo-Cy3 alkyne is a Click Chemistry reagent and water-soluble dye with an alkyne group, exhibiting absorbance and emission profiles identical to the Cy3 fluorophore. It is suitable for labeling proteins and intact biological objects in aqueous environments [1].

Chromoionophore XIII (SNARF-DE), functioning as a pH sensor, is excitable with red light. Its unique properties impart lipophilicity and prevent the lactonization of the dye in apolar environments, ensuring the molecule's water insolubility [1].

Biotin-PEG-Alk (MW 10000) is a biotinylated polyethylene glycol (PEG) derivative featuring an alkyne group for click chemistry applications. This compound combines biotin, an enzyme co-factor used in protein labeling, with PEG, a hydrophilic, water-soluble, and low-toxicity polymer. The alkyne moiety facilitates copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) with azido-containing molecules, enhancing the efficiency of targeting biotin-binding entities.

Cy5 maleimide, a CY dye where CY represents Cyanine, comprises two nitrogen atoms linked by an odd number of methyl groups. Characteristics of Cyanine compounds include long wavelength, tunable absorption and emission, high extinction coefficient, favorable water solubility, and straightforward synthesis [1]. Commonly utilized in the labeling of proteins, antibodies, and small molecular compounds, CY dyes facilitate the attachment to protein antibodies via a simple mixing reaction, a method that holds notable reference value [2]. Storage recommendation: protect from light.

ADPS (N-Ethyl-N-(3-sulfopropyl)-3-methoxyaniline sodium salt) is a kind of new Trinder's reagents, which are high water-soluble aniline derivatives. It is widely used in diagnostic and biochemical tests.

CY7-N3 (Sulfo-Cyanine7-N3) is a NIR dye azide for Click Chemistry with water-soluble.

2'(3')-O-Anthraniloyladenosine-5'-O-triphosphate (2'-ANT-ATP) and its isomer 3'-ANT-ATP are fluorescent derivatives of ATP that spontaneously isomerize. Emitting a maximum light of 428 nm when excited at 330 nm in water, 2'(3')-ANT-ATP specifically inhibits several types of adenylyl cyclase (AC) including mammalian AC1, AC2, and AC5 with inhibition constants (Kis) of 130, 640, and 120 nM, respectively. It also inhibits Bordetella pertussis AC toxin CyaA with Kis of 1.3 µM (in the presence of manganese) and 20 µM (in the presence of magnesium), Bacillus anthracis AC toxin edema factor with Kis of 0.44 µM (with manganese) and 5.15 µM (with magnesium), and Escherichia coli recombinase A (RecA) with a Ki of 6.3 µM.

Pigment Blue 15, also called by many names (EINECS 205-685-1), is a bright, crystalline, synthetic blue pigment from the group of phthalocyanine dyes. Its brilliant blue is frequently used in paints and dyes. It is highly valued for its superior propertie

Rhod-2 (sodium salt) is a water-soluble, red fluorescent calcium indicator. It exhibits a significant shift in fluorescence intensity upon calcium binding (ex max = 549 nm; calcium-free v. ex/em max = 552/581 nm; calcium-bound). [1][2] Unlike the UV-excitable indicators fura-2 and indo-1 , there is no accompanying spectral shift.

Cy2 (CY2 Non-Sulfonated) is a cyanine dye with long wavelength, tunable absorption and emission, high extinction coefficient and good water solubility. Cy2 can be used to label amino groups in oligonucleotides, peptides, and proteins.

DiI (DiIC18(3)) is a lipophilic membrane dye. It diffuses laterally to stain the entire cell. DiI is excited to emit orange-red fluorescence which is weak in water but strong and photostable when incorporated into membranes.

HOE 32020 is a Hoechst stain, a blue fluorescent dyes, used to stain DNA. Hoechst dyes are soluble in water and in organic solvents such as dimethyl formamide or dimethyl sulfoxide. Concentrations can be achieved of up to 10 mg/mL. Aqueous solutions are s

C.I. Acid Black 24 is a dye that is a blue-black powder. Soluble in water, aqueous solution is reddish blue to black, greenish blue when added to concentrated hydrochloric acid; date red when added to concentrated sodium hydroxide solution. Dissolved in ethanol is navy blue, in concentrated sulfuric acid is gray-blue to black, after dilution is dark green light blue; in concentrated nitric acid is red light brown and then changed to yellow. Used for dyeing woolen fabrics, also suitable for nylon, silk and leather dyeing.

5-FAM (5-Carboxyfluorescein) (5-Carboxyfluorescein) contains a carboxylic acid, which can be used to react with primary amines via carbodiimide activation of the carboxylic acid. Fluorescein is the most common fluorescent derivatization reagent for labeling biomolecules. In addition to its excellent fluorescence quantum yield, relatively high absorptivity, and good water solubility, it also has an excitation maximum that closely matches the 488 nm spectral line of the argon-ion laser.

DiI iodide1 is one of lipophilic fluorescent stains for labeling membranes and other hydrophobic structures. The fluorescence of these environment-sensitive dyes is greatly enhanced when incorporated into membranes or bound to lipophilic biomolecules such as proteins although they are weakly fluorescent in water.

CI Direct Brown 2 is a direct dye. It is soluble in water and ionizable to form colored anions. It also can directly dye cellulose fibers or protein fibers.

Lac dye is a possible food coloring agent which is completely nontoxic at low doses; lac dye is water soluble constituent of stick lac (commercial lac resin); lac resin is hardened secretion of insect Laccifer lacca (lac insect).

Sulfo-Cyanine5.5 is a water soluble cyanine dye for far red / NIR applications such as in vivo imaging. The dye possesses four sulfonate groups that render it highly hydrophilic and water soluble. As well as other cyanines, sulfo-Cyanine5.5 has an outstanding extinction coefficient that makes it a bright fluorescent label for the far red region.

Phenol Red sodium salt is a water-soluble pH indicator used in the range from 6.8 (yellow) to 8.2 (red).

WST-1 is a cytotoxic, water-soluble tetrazolium salt that induces intracellular mitochondrial dehydrogenases to undergo NADH-dependent enzymatic reactions, releasing water-soluble methylbenzene products.WST-1 can be used to detect cell proliferation and cellular activity by assaying the uptake values, and can be used to determine superoxide dismutase activity in the WST-1 plate assay.

DiI triflate is one of lipophilic fluorescent stains for labeling membranes and other hydrophobic structures. The fluorescence of these environment-sensitive dyes is greatly enhanced when incorporated into membranes or bound to lipophilic biomolecules such as proteins although they are weakly fluorescent in water.

TNP-GTP, a fluorescent derivative of guanosine 5'-triphosphate (GTP), essential for protein synthesis and gluconeogenesis, exhibits an emission peak at 552 nm when excited at 410 nm in water. Its fluorescence intensity increases and emission peaks shift to 544 nm and 532 nm in 40% and 80% N,N-dimethylformamide, respectively, due to the solvent's lower polarity compared to water. As a potent inhibitor of glutamate dehydrogenase (Ki = 2.7 μM), TNP-GTP enhances fluorescence and shifts its emission to 545 nm upon binding to this enzyme, a process reversible by GTP addition. Additionally, it serves as an antagonist to purinergic P2X2 and P2X2/3 receptors (IC50s = 0.4 and 1.2 nM, respectively) and selectively inhibits rat soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC; Ki = 11 nM) over bovine liver glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH; Ki = 2.7 µM) and the calmodulin-dependent B. pertussis adenylyl cyclase (AC) toxin, with inhibition constants of 20 µM and 320 µM in the presence of manganese and magnesium, respectively.

C.I. 15670 is a pigment in the form of a reddish purple powder. It can be used in inks, dye lasers, vinyl polymer manufacturing, determination of iron, calcium, aluminum and tantalum in textiles, monitoring of hardness in industrial water, measurement of chlorine dioxide in drinking water, hypoglycemic agents, and nuclear fluorescent dyes.

Hoechst stains are part of a family of blue fluorescent dyes used to stain DNA. HOE 32021 is a cell dye for DNA. Hoechst dyes are soluble in water and in organic solvents such as dimethyl formamide or dimethyl sulfoxide. Concentrations can be achieved of

Quinoline Yellow WS is a mixture of organic compounds derived from the dye Quinoline Yellow SS (Spirit Soluble). Owing to the presence of sulfonate groups, the WS dyes are water-soluble (WS). It is a mixture of disulfonates (principally), monosulfonates a